CN107754834B - 基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107754834B CN107754834B CN201711023309.2A CN201711023309A CN107754834B CN 107754834 B CN107754834 B CN 107754834B CN 201711023309 A CN201711023309 A CN 201711023309A CN 107754834 B CN107754834 B CN 107754834B
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- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- doped
- carbon nanofiber
- composite material
- molybdenum disulfide
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法与在废水处理中的应用；以柠檬酸铋和碳酸钠为前驱体，碳酸钠为沉淀剂，分散在水和乙二醇的混合溶液中，碘化钠为碘源，纳米碳纤维膜为载体，反应得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的碳纤维材料；再以钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺为前驱体，分散到水中，进一步反应得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料。本发明通过一系列步骤合成的该复合材料对罗丹明B有着极好的光催化效果，且可多次循环使用；并且其具有制备过程简便，易于回收多次利用等优点，在水污染染料处理方面具有工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米复合材料技术领域，具体涉及到一种基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法与在废水处理中的应用。
背景技术
水污染的处理仍是当今世界存在的一个重要问题，废水主要是有有机污染物）（如印染厂、纺织厂，食品厂及工厂排放的苯酚、酸性红、亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B等）的排放而造成，对环境的人类造成了严重的影响，所以对有机污染物的处理势在必行。对于污水的处理，目前已有许多传统的技术和方法，如物理吸附，化学氧化和生物降解等，然而，降解不完全、造成二次污染等缺陷限制了这些方法在工业中的应用。近年来，利用光催化材料来降解废水的策略引起了大家的关注。含铋的半导体材料已被广泛的研究，如Bi2WO6、BiVO4和BiOX (X= Cl, Br, I)等；然而，纯的光催化剂纳米材料不能完全满足实际应用的需要，因为它们被光照而产生的光生电子空穴对很快地复合，不能起到催化讲解的效果；对光催化剂材料的改良，如生成异质结结构、对催化剂表面修饰、元素的掺杂等方法可提高其光催化活性。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法，通过化学反应将掺杂碘元素的碳酸氧铋纳米片负载到纳米碳纤维膜上，然后进一步反应将二硫化钼纳米片也修饰到其表面，制备碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纤维材料，以实现该材料在染料罗丹明B的光催化降解方面得到广泛的应用。
为了达到上述目的，本发明具体技术方案如下：
一种基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米碳纤维膜、柠檬酸铋、碘化钠、碳酸钠分散到水和乙二醇的混合溶液中，反应得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料；
（2）将钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺分散到水中，然后加入碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料，反应得到基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料。
本发明还公开了一种碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤，将纳米碳纤维膜、柠檬酸铋、碘化钠、碳酸钠分散到水和乙二醇的混合溶液中，反应得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料。
上述技术方案中，步骤（1）中，以聚丙烯腈的N.N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液（5%~20%）为原料，静电纺丝法得到聚丙烯腈纤维膜，再煅烧得到纳米碳纤维膜；所述纳米碳纤维膜的直径为0.5微米。
上述技术方案中，步骤（1）中，在氩气保护下400~600 ℃煅烧聚丙烯腈纤维膜，升温速率为每分钟2~15 ℃，煅烧3~6小时，最后得到直径为0.5微米的黑色纳米碳纤维膜。在该条件下可以很容易地得到表面光滑粗细均匀的碳纤维，且0.5微米的碳纤维最有利于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和硫化钼纳米片的生长。
上述技术方案中，步骤（1）中，柠檬酸铋、碳酸钠、碘化钠、碳纤维膜的质量比为（132～134）∶（38～40）∶100∶（8～10）；将柠檬酸铋、碳酸钠、碘化钠分散到水和乙二醇的混合溶液中，超声15分钟，使之分散均匀，然后在室温下搅拌2~4小时，然后将该前驱体转移到反应釜中，再加入纳米碳纤维膜，进行反应；反应温度为150~180 ℃，时间为24~36小时。该反应操作简单，安全且高效。
上述技术方案中，步骤（1）中，反应结束后，自然冷却至室温，用镊子将产物从反应釜中取出，分别用水和乙醇洗两遍，转移至真空烘箱烘干6小时。
上述技术方案中，步骤（2）中，将质量比为1.2∶1的钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺分散到水中，形成前驱体，超声半小时使之分散均匀；将该前驱体转移至反应釜中，并加入步骤（1）的产物碘掺杂碳酸氧铋的碳纤维膜，再次进行反应；反应温度为180~250 ℃，时间为6~8小时。利用简单的二次反应可以很容易的修饰上片状硫化钼。
上述技术方案中，步骤（2）中，水热反应结束后，自然冷却至室温，用镊子将产物从反应釜中取出，分别用水和乙醇洗两遍，转移至真空烘箱烘干6小时。
本发明以直径为0.5微米的纳米碳纤维膜为载体，柠檬酸铋和碳酸钠为前驱体，碳酸钠为沉淀剂，碘化钠为碘源，水和乙二醇的混合溶液为溶剂，合成碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的碳纤维膜；然后再以碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的碳纤维膜为载体，钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺为前驱体，分散到水中，进一步得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料；可以增加该光催化材料对可将光的吸收，具有合适的带隙，且具有很好的导电性，可大大提高光催化性能。因此本发明公开了上述基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜复合材料或者碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料在光催化降解染料罗丹明B中的应用；同时，本发明还公开了上述基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜复合材料或者碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料在污水处理中的应用。
本发明的优点：
1、本发明公开的基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜复合材料的制备方法采用原材料都是成本低廉，容易得到的，而且操作简便，整个过程中没有用到昂贵的设备，对工业化应用十分关键。
2、本发明公开的复合材料中，碳酸氧铋对于污水中的染料罗丹明B具有很显著的效果，而碳酸氧铋的带隙较宽，对于可将光的吸收较弱，通过元素的掺杂可明显提高该催化剂对可将光的吸收，从而提高降解效率；进而可用导电性能较好的材料如二硫化钼对光催化剂进行修饰，阻止光生电子空穴对的重组。
3、本发明公开的基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜复合材料是一种具有高表面积、对可将光吸收效率高、催化效果好、性能稳定、可便捷的重复多次利用新型复合材料，对染料罗丹明B具有高效率的光催化效果，可以用于各种环境下的污水中染料的处理。
附图说明
图1 为纳米碳纤维的扫描电镜图（SEM）；
图2 为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰碳纤维的扫描电镜图（SEM）；
图3 为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰碳纤维的扫描电镜图（SEM）；
图4 为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰碳纤维的透射电镜图（TEM）；
图5 为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰碳纤维复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B的紫外吸收图；
图6 为该复合材料循环使用效果图；
图7 为几种复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B的效果对比图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
纳米碳纤维膜的制备，具体步骤如下：
1克的聚丙烯腈和9克N.N-二甲基甲酰胺加入20毫升的玻璃瓶中，室温下搅拌5小时，至聚丙烯腈完全溶解且混合均匀，将该溶液加入到注射器里面，用静电纺丝机进行纺丝，得到一张白色的聚丙烯腈纤维膜。将该聚丙烯腈纤维膜在氩气保护下以每分钟10℃的升温速率升温至500℃煅烧5小时，最终得到直径为0.5微米的纳米碳纤维膜；附图1为的纳米碳纤维的SEM图，通过图片可以看出其结构分布均匀，表面光滑，纤维直径为0.5微米。
碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维的制备，具体步骤如下：
0.8克的柠檬酸铋和0.23克的碳酸钠加入到30毫升水和6毫升乙二醇的混合溶液中，超声5分钟，搅拌半小时，再往里面加入0.6克碘化钠，室温下搅拌2小时。然后，混合均匀的前驱体同50毫克纳米碳纤维膜一起转移到50毫升的反应釜中进行反应，反应温度为160℃，时间为30小时，反应结束后自然冷却至室温，用镊子将产物取出，用水和乙醇分别洗涤两次，真空干燥；附图2为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维的SEM图，通过图片可以片状碘掺杂碳酸氧铋均匀的修饰在纳米碳纤维上。
基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜的制备，具体步骤如下：
将24毫克钼酸钠和20毫克硫代乙酰胺分散到30毫升水中，超声半小时并室温下搅拌半小时，然后将该前驱体同碘掺杂碳酸氧铋负载的纳米碳纤维一起转移到50毫升反应釜中进行第二步反应，反应温度为200 ℃，时间为7小时。待反应结束后，自然冷却至室温，用镊子取出产物，分别用水和乙醇洗涤两次，真空干燥；附图3和附图4为基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜的SEM和TEM图，通过图片可以看出其结构且二硫化钼均匀地修饰到其表面。
实施例二
染料罗丹明B的光催化降解，具体步骤如下：
将50毫克基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰的碳纳米纤维膜加入到含50毫升(5 ppm) 罗丹明B溶液的烧杯中，水浴保持到25摄氏度，首先避光搅拌30分钟，使光催化剂复合材料与染料达到吸附平衡，然后打开300瓦氙灯照射，每隔一分钟取样一次，用于紫外检测，5分钟可降解完全。光催化剂复合材料可多次循环使用，具有很好的稳定性，循环使用5次后，催化效果依然很好；附图5为碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰碳纤维复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B的紫外吸收图；图6 为该复合材料循环使用效果图；附图7为几种复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B的效果对比图。
通过以上分析，说明本发明通过两步水热反应合成的碘掺杂碳酸氧铋和二硫化钼修饰碳纤维复合材料对染料罗丹明B有着很好的光催化效果；且可以多次循环使用，具有制备过程较为简便，生产原料易得等优点，在污水的处理方面具有应用前景。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）以聚丙烯腈的N.N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为原料，静电纺丝法得到聚丙烯腈纤维膜，再煅烧得到纳米碳纤维膜；所述纳米碳纤维膜的直径为0.5微米；将纳米碳纤维膜、柠檬酸铋、碘化钠、碳酸钠分散到水和乙二醇的混合溶液中，搅拌2小时后反应，反应结束后，产物分别用水和乙醇洗涤，然后真空烘干，得到碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料；柠檬酸铋、碳酸钠、碘化钠、碳纤维膜的质量比为0.8∶0.23∶0.6∶0.05；所述反应的温度为160 ℃，时间为30小时；所述煅烧条件为，在氩气保护下煅烧5小时，煅烧温度为500 ℃，升温速率为每分钟10℃；
（2）将钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺分散到水中，然后加入碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料，反应得到基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料；钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺的质量比为1.2∶1；将钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺分散到水中，超声半小时后加入碘掺杂碳酸氧铋修饰的纳米碳纤维材料；所述反应的温度为200℃，时间为7小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，产物分别用水和乙醇洗涤，然后真空烘干，得到基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法制备的基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料。
4.权利要求3所述基于碘掺杂碳酸氧铋纳米片和二硫化钼修饰的纳米碳纤维复合材料在可见光催化降解罗丹明B中的应用。
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