CN107751856A - 一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107751856A CN107751856A CN201710960244.8A CN201710960244A CN107751856A CN 107751856 A CN107751856 A CN 107751856A CN 201710960244 A CN201710960244 A CN 201710960244A CN 107751856 A CN107751856 A CN 107751856A
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- parts
- oyster
- health food
- preparation
- fruit
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法,所述牡蛎保健食品包括以下重量份的组分:牡蛎30~50份、芜菁20~30份、刺五加10~15份、枸杞子20~25份、白豆10~20份、何首乌10~20份、川穹15~20份、郁金5~10份、五味子10~15份、山药5~15份。所述制备方法将各个组分的有效成分充分提取出来,提供抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域,特别涉及一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
牡蛎属软体动物门,含有丰富的糖原、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、微量元素和维生素等,具有很高的使用和药用价值,在我国既是药品又可作为食品的保健疗效品,牡蛎是种营养非常丰富的食物,将其加工成保健食品,将营养成分提取制备出来,牡蛎具有降血脂,促进新陈代谢,提高免疫力等功效,满足人们的需求。牡蛎多糖具有增强机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,抗白细胞下降,抗肿瘤,抗血栓,降血脂等药用价值。糖原是一种仅有葡萄糖组成的特殊多糖,是动物体内能源物质的贮存形式,由于其独特的分子结构,使其在生理活性上不同于一般多糖,牡蛎糖原具有较好的抗疲劳活性,因此对于牡蛎糖原及其活性的研究具有重要的意义。通过研究与中药材的特殊搭配,使得与牡蛎结合发挥出最佳疗效,具有很好的保健效果。
发明内容
鉴以此,本发明提出一种牡蛎保健食品,提供抗疲劳、增强免疫力的作用。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种牡蛎保健食品,包括以下重量份的组分:牡蛎30~50份、芜菁20~30份、刺五加10~15份、枸杞子20~25份、白豆10~20份、何首乌10~20份、川穹15~20份、郁金5~10份、五味子10~15 份、山药5~15份。
优选地,包括以下重量份的组分:牡蛎40份、芜菁25份、刺五加12份、枸杞子23份、白豆16份、何首乌15份、川穹18份、郁金8份、五味子13份、山药11份。
本发明还包括一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,破碎进行干蒸备用;
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为1~3:15~20与水混合,超声波辅助水提取,提取温度为60~75℃,提取时间为2~3h,离心分离,取上清液;
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用乙醇回流提取,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1~2:5~8,取提取液减压蒸馏,得药材提取液;
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5~10:3~6进行混合均匀,得混合液;
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌1~2h后,离心分离,取沉淀,加入有机溶剂20~30min后进行离心分离,取下层沉淀;
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2~3次,再用乙醇洗涤3~5次;
(7)冷冻干燥:下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥,磨粉,制备成成品。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中,干蒸温度为90~110℃,干蒸时间为10~15min。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,所述超声波工作功率为180~200W,工作每 15~20min后,暂停8~10min。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,用85~90%乙醇回流提取2~3次,每次2~3h。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,减压蒸馏中压力为80~100Pa,温度为30~35℃。
优选地,所述步骤(5)中,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、正丁醇和乙醇中的一种或两种。
优选地,所述步骤(6)中,将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次,再分别用80%、 85%、90%、95%的乙醇洗涤4次。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
牡蛎具有丰富的营养物质,含有丰富的糖原,其糖原对治疗抗疲劳、增强免疫力和美容养颜等具有重要的作用,与其它营养成分搭配,制备出的保健食品疗效好。以牡蛎、芜菁、刺五加和枸杞子为主料,增加糖原的含量,补充各种营养物质,对气血具有双向调节作用,能抵抗疲劳、增加免疫力和养颜的作用;何首乌、川穹为臣药,补气益血,健胃生精的作用,而郁金、五味子和山药为佐药,平补气阴,补五脏,安神等效果,白豆调和诸药,促进人体新陈代谢,健脾和胃,补气养血,达到抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
牡蛎:味甘、咸,性平,能滋阴益血,养心安神,含糖元、牛磺酸、多种人本必须氨基酸,维生素A、B1、B2、D、E,铜、锌、锰、钡、磷、钙等成分,用于虚损劳疾,阴虚血亏,失眠心悸。
芜菁:芜菁富含维生素A,叶酸,维生素C,维生素K和钙。开胃下气,利湿解毒。治食积不化,黄疸,消渴,热毒风肿。
刺五加:益气健脾,补肾安神。用于脾肾阳虚、体虚乏力、食欲不振、腰膝酸痛、失眠多梦。补气:可提高人体的氧气吸收量。生血:可改善大脑血量,对血压具有双向调节作用。同时还可以抗疲劳、抗辐射、补虚弱、增强骨髓造血功能,并具有活血作用。安神:人体在氧气吸收不足时,容易昏沉、打哈欠、产生卷怠感,刺五加为有氧物质,可以调节如中枢神经系统的兴奋和抑制过程,使二者趋于平衡,有益智和安神作用。强身:可以提升最大耗氧量,增强运动的持续时间。
枸杞子:可以增加肌糖原和肝糖原的含量,提高活力,抗疲劳,能够增强机体免疫力和对各种有害刺激的适应力,抵御病症,固本培元。枸杞还可以有效增强骨髓的造血功能,提高机体血液和肝的超氧化歧化酶活性含量。有助于清除活性氧,有效抵抗衰老和疲劳。
白豆:甘咸,平,调中益气,健脾益肾。补五脏,调中,助十二经脉。
何首乌:苦、甘、涩,温。归肝、心、肾经。促进造血功能,增强免疫功能,降血脂与抗动脉粥样硬化,保肝,延缓衰老,现代调查有维生素E制止皱纹再生,对内分泌的影响,润肠通便。
川穹:活血行气、祛风止痛,镇静,对心血管、平滑肌、抗菌具有良好疗效。
郁金:辛、苦,寒。归肝、心、肺经,凉心热,散肝郁,行气解郁,凉血破瘀,治胸腹胁肋诸痛,失心癫狂,热病神昏。
五味子:温;酸、甘;归肺、心、肾经,五味子含有丰富的有机酸、维生素、类黄酮、植物固醇及有强效复原作用的木酚素,保肝及再生肝脏组织,具有消炎作用,以制止肝脏损伤,能增强耐力与力气并加速体力复原。
山药:健脾益胃、助消化,降低血糖,抗肝昏迷,助五脏,强筋骨,长志安神。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,并对本发明做进一 步的说明。
实施例1
一种牡蛎保健食品,包括以下重量的组分:牡蛎30g、芜菁20g、刺五加10g、枸杞子20g、白豆10g、何首乌10g、川穹15g、郁金5g、五味子10g、山药5g。
实施例2
一种牡蛎保健食品,包括以下重量的组分:牡蛎50g、芜菁30g、刺五加15g、枸杞子25g、白豆20g、何首乌20g、川穹20g、郁金10g、五味子15g、山药15g。
实施例3
一种牡蛎保健食品,包括以下重量的组分:牡蛎40g、芜菁25g、刺五加12g、枸杞子23g、白豆16g、何首乌15g、川穹18g、郁金8g、五味子13g、山药11g。
上述实施例1~3所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,破碎进行干蒸备用,干蒸温度为100℃,干蒸时间为13min。
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为2:18与水混合,超声波辅助水提取,所述超声波工作功率为190W,工作每18min后,暂停9min。提取温度为70℃,提取时间为2.5h,离心分离,取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用85%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2h,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2:7,取提取液减压蒸馏,压力为90Pa,温度为32℃,得药材提取液。
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比8:5进行混合均匀,得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌1.5h后,离心分离,取沉淀,加入氯仿和正丁醇有机溶剂25min后进行离心分离,取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次,再分别用80%、85%、90%、 95%的乙醇洗涤4次。
(7)冷冻干燥:下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥,磨粉,制备成成品。
实施例4
该实施例与实施例3的区别在于:所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,破碎进行干蒸备用,干蒸温度为90℃,干蒸时间为10min。
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为1:15与水混合,超声波辅助水提取,所述超声波工作功率为180W,工作每15min后,暂停8min。提取温度为60℃,提取时间为2h,离心分离,取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用85%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2h,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1:5,取提取液减压蒸馏,压力为80Pa,温度为30℃,得药材提取液。
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5:3进行混合均匀,得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌1h后,离心分离,取沉淀,加入氯仿有机溶剂20min后进行离心分离,取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次,再分别用80%、85%、95%的乙醇洗涤3次。
(7)冷冻干燥:下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥,磨粉,制备成成品。
实施例5
该实施例与实施例3的区别在于:所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,破碎进行干蒸备用,干蒸温度为110℃,干蒸时间为15min。
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为3:20与水混合,超声波辅助水提取,所述超声波工作功率为200W,工作每20min后,暂停10min。提取温度为75℃,提取时间为3h,离心分离,取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用90%乙醇回流提取3次,每次3h,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2:8,取提取液减压蒸馏,压力为100Pa,温度为35℃,得药材提取液。
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比10:6进行混合均匀,得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌2h后,离心分离,取沉淀,加入乙醇有机溶剂30min后进行离心分离,取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤3次,再分别用80%、85%、85%、 90%、95%乙醇洗涤5次。
(7)冷冻干燥:下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥,磨粉,制备成成品。
其中,干蒸为的是将牡蛎进行去腥、使牡蛎变软,从而加速挥发出有害物质。超声波辅助水提取,使得原料易破碎,从而有助于多糖的溶出,提高多糖的得率,先工作后暂停是为了减少提取时间,维持提取温度的作用。减压蒸馏中避免加热引起生物活性破坏。将上清液与药材提取液按照一定比例调配,使得有效成分含量高。
本发明还设置以下对比例实验:
对比例1
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于:所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,进行破碎备用。
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为2:18与水混合,进行水提取,所述提取温度为70℃,提取时间为2.5h,离心分离,取上清液。
对比例2
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于:所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用85%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2h,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2:7,取提取液减压蒸馏,压力为90Pa,温度为32℃,得药材提取液。
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比12:8进行混合均匀,得混合液。
对比例3
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于:所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌1.5h后,离心分离,取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀用85%的乙醇洗涤1次。
一、抗疲劳效果实验:
1、受试动物:健康小鼠,体重20~25g,雌雄各半。
2、给药方式:
对照组:蒸馏水1.5mL/10g灌胃给药,一天两次,连续30天;
阳性组:市售牡蛎保健食品;
实验组:实施例1~5制备的成品配置成溶液1.5mL/10g灌胃给药,一天两次,连续30天。
对比组:对比例1~3制备的成品配置成溶液1.5mL/10g灌胃给药,一天两次,连续30天。
3、实验方法及结果分析
3.1抗疲劳实验-游泳法
末次灌胃后30min,负重投入水中,观察记录小鼠游泳力竭时间如下表1 所示:
组别 | 动物数 | 游泳时间(min) |
对照组 | 10 | 5.8 |
阳性组 | 10 | 7.1 |
实验组1 | 10 | 7.5 |
实验组2 | 10 | 7.8 |
实验组3 | 10 | 8.2 |
实验组4 | 10 | 7.4 |
实验组5 | 10 | 8.0 |
对比组1 | 10 | 6.0 |
对比组2 | 10 | 6.2 |
对比组3 | 10 | 6.4 |
由上表可知,与空白对照组比较,实验组明显提高游泳时间,而对比组相对于实验组其游泳时间较短,实验组的效果最优。
3.2抗缺氧实验
末次灌胃后30min,将小鼠投入密闭容器中密闭,记录小鼠存活时间如下表 2所示:
由表1和表2可知,本发明制备的牡蛎保健食品具有良好的抗疲劳效果。
二、祛斑美白实验
1、随机选取240名22~40岁长有黄褐斑、皮肤黄的女性志愿者,每组30 名,受试者身体状况良好,在服药期间没有不良嗜好。
2、祛斑效果判断
(1)痊愈:黄褐斑颜色明显变浅,甚至消失,且不产生新的黄褐斑,皮肤具有光泽红润;
(2)显效:黄褐斑颜色变浅,面积减小了一半,不产生新的黄褐斑,皮肤有光泽;
(3)有效:黄褐斑颜色变浅,面积开始减小,不产生新的黄褐斑,皮肤有光泽红润;
(4)无效:黄褐斑没有消失,皮肤暗黄。
3、将实施例1~5和对比例1~3制备的成品,验证无毒性后,早晚一次,连续口服5个月后,记录实验结果如下表3所示:
相对于对比组,实验组祛斑养颜的治愈率和有效率均比对比组的高,本发明制备的成品具有很好的祛色斑及面色红润有光泽的效果。
三、免疫力功能实验
1、将实施例1~5和对比例1~3制备的成品配置成溶液进行灌胃,阴性对照组给予等体积水,实验每组20只小鼠,每天灌胃1次,连续60d,实验终末,处死小鼠,对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫和NK细胞活性进行分析检测。
2、检测实验结果如下表4所示:
组别 | 淋巴细胞增殖能力(OD值) | 抗体积数 | NK细胞活性(%) |
对照组1 | 0.33 | 192.0 | 35.43 |
实验组1 | 0.63 | 235.4 | 49.43 |
实验组2 | 0.61 | 231.9 | 50.28 |
实验组3 | 0.68 | 254.3 | 52.36 |
实验组4 | 0.58 | 246.5 | 50.28 |
实验组5 | 0.62 | 238.4 | 51.67 |
对比组1 | 0.42 | 200.3 | 38.2 |
对比组2 | 0.38 | 198.4 | 38.1 |
对比组3 | 0.43 | 201.6 | 40.2 |
由上表可知,实验组细胞增殖能力、抗体积数和NK细胞活性均高于对照组,表明了本发明具有全面提高疗效的作用,牡蛎等结合其它组分的有效成分起到调节内分泌,营养机体,促进机体新陈代谢,促进细胞生长发育等功能,且增强整个免疫系统的功能。具有抗疲劳、美容养颜和增强免疫力的作用。
牡蛎具有丰富的营养物质,含有丰富的糖原,其糖原对治疗抗疲劳、增强免疫力和美容养颜等具有重要的作用,与其它营养成分搭配,制备出的保健食品疗效好。以牡蛎、芜菁、刺五加和枸杞子为主料,增加糖原的含量,补充各种营养物质,对气血具有双向调节作用,能抵抗疲劳、增加免疫力和养颜的作用;何首乌、川穹为臣药,补气益血,健胃生精的作用,而郁金、五味子和山药为佐药,平补气阴,补五脏,安神等效果,白豆调和诸药,促进人体新陈代谢,健脾和胃,补气养血,达到抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种牡蛎保健食品,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的组分:牡蛎30~50份、芜菁20~30份、刺五加10~15份、枸杞子20~25份、白豆10~20份、何首乌10~20份、川穹15~20份、郁金5~10份、五味子10~15份、山药5~15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种牡蛎保健食品,其特征在于,所述牡蛎保健食品包括以下重量份的组分:牡蛎40份、芜菁25份、刺五加12份、枸杞子23份、白豆16份、何首乌15份、川穹18份、郁金8份、五味子13份、山药11份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将牡蛎清洗干净,破碎进行干蒸备用;
(2)提取:牡蛎按料液比为1~3:15~20与水混合,超声波辅助水提取,提取温度为60~75℃,提取时间为2~3h,离心分离,取上清液;
(3)药材提取液的制备:称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药,粉碎,用乙醇回流提取,药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1~2:5~8,取提取液减压蒸馏,得药材提取液;
(4)调配:将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5~10:3~6进行混合均匀,得混合液;
(5)沉淀分离:将混合液浓缩加入乙醇,搅拌1~2h后,离心分离,取沉淀,加入有机溶剂20~30min后进行离心分离,取下层沉淀;
(6)纯化:将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2~3次,再用乙醇洗涤3~5次;
(7)冷冻干燥:下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥,磨粉,制备成成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,干蒸温度为90~110℃,干蒸时间为10~15min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述超声波工作功率为180~200W,工作每15~20min后,暂停8~10min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,用85~90%乙醇回流提取2~3次,每次2~3h。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,减压蒸馏中压力为80~100Pa,温度为30~35℃。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、正丁醇和乙醇中的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中,将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次,再分别用80%、85%、90%、95%的乙醇洗涤4次。
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