CN107751856A - 一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107751856A CN107751856A CN201710960244.8A CN201710960244A CN107751856A CN 107751856 A CN107751856 A CN 107751856A CN 201710960244 A CN201710960244 A CN 201710960244A CN 107751856 A CN107751856 A CN 107751856A
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- parts
- oyster
- health food
- preparation
- fruit
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法，所述牡蛎保健食品包括以下重量份的组分：牡蛎30～50份、芜菁20～30份、刺五加10～15份、枸杞子20～25份、白豆10～20份、何首乌10～20份、川穹15～20份、郁金5～10份、五味子10～15份、山药5～15份。所述制备方法将各个组分的有效成分充分提取出来，提供抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域，特别涉及一种牡蛎保健食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
牡蛎属软体动物门，含有丰富的糖原、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、微量元素和维生素等，具有很高的使用和药用价值，在我国既是药品又可作为食品的保健疗效品，牡蛎是种营养非常丰富的食物，将其加工成保健食品，将营养成分提取制备出来，牡蛎具有降血脂，促进新陈代谢，提高免疫力等功效，满足人们的需求。牡蛎多糖具有增强机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能，抗白细胞下降，抗肿瘤，抗血栓，降血脂等药用价值。糖原是一种仅有葡萄糖组成的特殊多糖，是动物体内能源物质的贮存形式，由于其独特的分子结构，使其在生理活性上不同于一般多糖，牡蛎糖原具有较好的抗疲劳活性，因此对于牡蛎糖原及其活性的研究具有重要的意义。通过研究与中药材的特殊搭配，使得与牡蛎结合发挥出最佳疗效，具有很好的保健效果。
发明内容
鉴以此，本发明提出一种牡蛎保健食品，提供抗疲劳、增强免疫力的作用。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种牡蛎保健食品，包括以下重量份的组分：牡蛎30～50份、芜菁20～30份、刺五加10～15份、枸杞子20～25份、白豆10～20份、何首乌10～20份、川穹15～20份、郁金5～10份、五味子10～15 份、山药5～15份。
优选地，包括以下重量份的组分：牡蛎40份、芜菁25份、刺五加12份、枸杞子23份、白豆16份、何首乌15份、川穹18份、郁金8份、五味子13份、山药11份。
本发明还包括一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，破碎进行干蒸备用；
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为1～3：15～20与水混合，超声波辅助水提取，提取温度为60～75℃，提取时间为2～3h，离心分离，取上清液；
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用乙醇回流提取，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1～2：5～8，取提取液减压蒸馏，得药材提取液；
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5～10：3～6进行混合均匀，得混合液；
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌1～2h后，离心分离，取沉淀，加入有机溶剂20～30min后进行离心分离，取下层沉淀；
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2～3次，再用乙醇洗涤3～5次；
(7)冷冻干燥：下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥，磨粉，制备成成品。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中，干蒸温度为90～110℃，干蒸时间为10～15min。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中，所述超声波工作功率为180～200W，工作每 15～20min后，暂停8～10min。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中，用85～90％乙醇回流提取2～3次，每次2～3h。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中，减压蒸馏中压力为80～100Pa，温度为30～35℃。
优选地，所述步骤(5)中，所述有机溶剂为氯仿、正丁醇和乙醇中的一种或两种。
优选地，所述步骤(6)中，将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次，再分别用80％、 85％、90％、95％的乙醇洗涤4次。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
牡蛎具有丰富的营养物质，含有丰富的糖原，其糖原对治疗抗疲劳、增强免疫力和美容养颜等具有重要的作用，与其它营养成分搭配，制备出的保健食品疗效好。以牡蛎、芜菁、刺五加和枸杞子为主料，增加糖原的含量，补充各种营养物质，对气血具有双向调节作用，能抵抗疲劳、增加免疫力和养颜的作用；何首乌、川穹为臣药，补气益血，健胃生精的作用，而郁金、五味子和山药为佐药，平补气阴，补五脏，安神等效果，白豆调和诸药，促进人体新陈代谢，健脾和胃，补气养血，达到抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
牡蛎：味甘、咸，性平，能滋阴益血，养心安神，含糖元、牛磺酸、多种人本必须氨基酸，维生素A、B1、B2、D、E，铜、锌、锰、钡、磷、钙等成分，用于虚损劳疾，阴虚血亏，失眠心悸。
芜菁：芜菁富含维生素A，叶酸，维生素C，维生素K和钙。开胃下气，利湿解毒。治食积不化，黄疸，消渴，热毒风肿。
刺五加：益气健脾，补肾安神。用于脾肾阳虚、体虚乏力、食欲不振、腰膝酸痛、失眠多梦。补气：可提高人体的氧气吸收量。生血：可改善大脑血量，对血压具有双向调节作用。同时还可以抗疲劳、抗辐射、补虚弱、增强骨髓造血功能，并具有活血作用。安神：人体在氧气吸收不足时，容易昏沉、打哈欠、产生卷怠感，刺五加为有氧物质，可以调节如中枢神经系统的兴奋和抑制过程，使二者趋于平衡，有益智和安神作用。强身：可以提升最大耗氧量，增强运动的持续时间。
枸杞子：可以增加肌糖原和肝糖原的含量，提高活力，抗疲劳，能够增强机体免疫力和对各种有害刺激的适应力，抵御病症，固本培元。枸杞还可以有效增强骨髓的造血功能，提高机体血液和肝的超氧化歧化酶活性含量。有助于清除活性氧，有效抵抗衰老和疲劳。
白豆：甘咸，平，调中益气，健脾益肾。补五脏，调中，助十二经脉。
何首乌：苦、甘、涩，温。归肝、心、肾经。促进造血功能，增强免疫功能，降血脂与抗动脉粥样硬化，保肝，延缓衰老，现代调查有维生素E制止皱纹再生，对内分泌的影响，润肠通便。
川穹：活血行气、祛风止痛，镇静，对心血管、平滑肌、抗菌具有良好疗效。
郁金：辛、苦，寒。归肝、心、肺经，凉心热，散肝郁，行气解郁，凉血破瘀，治胸腹胁肋诸痛，失心癫狂，热病神昏。
五味子：温；酸、甘；归肺、心、肾经，五味子含有丰富的有机酸、维生素、类黄酮、植物固醇及有强效复原作用的木酚素，保肝及再生肝脏组织，具有消炎作用，以制止肝脏损伤，能增强耐力与力气并加速体力复原。
山药：健脾益胃、助消化，降低血糖，抗肝昏迷，助五脏，强筋骨，长志安神。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，并对本发明做进一 步的说明。
实施例1
一种牡蛎保健食品，包括以下重量的组分：牡蛎30g、芜菁20g、刺五加10g、枸杞子20g、白豆10g、何首乌10g、川穹15g、郁金5g、五味子10g、山药5g。
实施例2
一种牡蛎保健食品，包括以下重量的组分：牡蛎50g、芜菁30g、刺五加15g、枸杞子25g、白豆20g、何首乌20g、川穹20g、郁金10g、五味子15g、山药15g。
实施例3
一种牡蛎保健食品，包括以下重量的组分：牡蛎40g、芜菁25g、刺五加12g、枸杞子23g、白豆16g、何首乌15g、川穹18g、郁金8g、五味子13g、山药11g。
上述实施例1～3所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，破碎进行干蒸备用，干蒸温度为100℃，干蒸时间为13min。
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为2：18与水混合，超声波辅助水提取，所述超声波工作功率为190W，工作每18min后，暂停9min。提取温度为70℃，提取时间为2.5h，离心分离，取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用85％乙醇回流提取3次，每次2h，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2：7，取提取液减压蒸馏，压力为90Pa，温度为32℃，得药材提取液。
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比8：5进行混合均匀，得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌1.5h后，离心分离，取沉淀，加入氯仿和正丁醇有机溶剂25min后进行离心分离，取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次，再分别用80％、85％、90％、 95％的乙醇洗涤4次。
(7)冷冻干燥：下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥，磨粉，制备成成品。
实施例4
该实施例与实施例3的区别在于：所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，破碎进行干蒸备用，干蒸温度为90℃，干蒸时间为10min。
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为1：15与水混合，超声波辅助水提取，所述超声波工作功率为180W，工作每15min后，暂停8min。提取温度为60℃，提取时间为2h，离心分离，取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用85％乙醇回流提取2次，每次2h，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1：5，取提取液减压蒸馏，压力为80Pa，温度为30℃，得药材提取液。
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5：3进行混合均匀，得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌1h后，离心分离，取沉淀，加入氯仿有机溶剂20min后进行离心分离，取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次，再分别用80％、85％、95％的乙醇洗涤3次。
(7)冷冻干燥：下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥，磨粉，制备成成品。
实施例5
该实施例与实施例3的区别在于：所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，破碎进行干蒸备用，干蒸温度为110℃，干蒸时间为15min。
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为3：20与水混合，超声波辅助水提取，所述超声波工作功率为200W，工作每20min后，暂停10min。提取温度为75℃，提取时间为3h，离心分离，取上清液。
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用90％乙醇回流提取3次，每次3h，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2：8，取提取液减压蒸馏，压力为100Pa，温度为35℃，得药材提取液。
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比10：6进行混合均匀，得混合液。
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌2h后，离心分离，取沉淀，加入乙醇有机溶剂30min后进行离心分离，取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤3次，再分别用80％、85％、85％、 90％、95％乙醇洗涤5次。
(7)冷冻干燥：下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥，磨粉，制备成成品。
其中，干蒸为的是将牡蛎进行去腥、使牡蛎变软，从而加速挥发出有害物质。超声波辅助水提取，使得原料易破碎，从而有助于多糖的溶出，提高多糖的得率，先工作后暂停是为了减少提取时间，维持提取温度的作用。减压蒸馏中避免加热引起生物活性破坏。将上清液与药材提取液按照一定比例调配，使得有效成分含量高。
本发明还设置以下对比例实验：
对比例1
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于：所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，进行破碎备用。
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为2：18与水混合，进行水提取，所述提取温度为70℃，提取时间为2.5h，离心分离，取上清液。
对比例2
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于：所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用85％乙醇回流提取3次，每次2h，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为2：7，取提取液减压蒸馏，压力为90Pa，温度为32℃，得药材提取液。
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比12：8进行混合均匀，得混合液。
对比例3
该对比例与实施例3的区别在于：所述牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌1.5h后，离心分离，取下层沉淀。
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀用85％的乙醇洗涤1次。
一、抗疲劳效果实验：
1、受试动物：健康小鼠，体重20～25g，雌雄各半。
2、给药方式：
对照组：蒸馏水1.5mL/10g灌胃给药，一天两次，连续30天；
阳性组：市售牡蛎保健食品；
实验组：实施例1～5制备的成品配置成溶液1.5mL/10g灌胃给药，一天两次，连续30天。
对比组：对比例1～3制备的成品配置成溶液1.5mL/10g灌胃给药，一天两次，连续30天。
3、实验方法及结果分析
3.1抗疲劳实验-游泳法
末次灌胃后30min，负重投入水中，观察记录小鼠游泳力竭时间如下表1 所示：
| 组别 | 动物数 | 游泳时间(min) |
| 对照组 | 10 | 5.8 |
| 阳性组 | 10 | 7.1 |
| 实验组1 | 10 | 7.5 |
| 实验组2 | 10 | 7.8 |
| 实验组3 | 10 | 8.2 |
| 实验组4 | 10 | 7.4 |
| 实验组5 | 10 | 8.0 |
| 对比组1 | 10 | 6.0 |
| 对比组2 | 10 | 6.2 |
| 对比组3 | 10 | 6.4 |
由上表可知，与空白对照组比较，实验组明显提高游泳时间，而对比组相对于实验组其游泳时间较短，实验组的效果最优。
3.2抗缺氧实验
末次灌胃后30min，将小鼠投入密闭容器中密闭，记录小鼠存活时间如下表 2所示：
由表1和表2可知，本发明制备的牡蛎保健食品具有良好的抗疲劳效果。
二、祛斑美白实验
1、随机选取240名22～40岁长有黄褐斑、皮肤黄的女性志愿者，每组30 名，受试者身体状况良好，在服药期间没有不良嗜好。
2、祛斑效果判断
(1)痊愈：黄褐斑颜色明显变浅，甚至消失，且不产生新的黄褐斑，皮肤具有光泽红润；
(2)显效：黄褐斑颜色变浅，面积减小了一半，不产生新的黄褐斑，皮肤有光泽；
(3)有效：黄褐斑颜色变浅，面积开始减小，不产生新的黄褐斑，皮肤有光泽红润；
(4)无效：黄褐斑没有消失，皮肤暗黄。
3、将实施例1～5和对比例1～3制备的成品，验证无毒性后，早晚一次，连续口服5个月后，记录实验结果如下表3所示：
相对于对比组，实验组祛斑养颜的治愈率和有效率均比对比组的高，本发明制备的成品具有很好的祛色斑及面色红润有光泽的效果。
三、免疫力功能实验
1、将实施例1～5和对比例1～3制备的成品配置成溶液进行灌胃，阴性对照组给予等体积水，实验每组20只小鼠，每天灌胃1次，连续60d，实验终末，处死小鼠，对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫和NK细胞活性进行分析检测。
2、检测实验结果如下表4所示：
| 组别 | 淋巴细胞增殖能力(OD值) | 抗体积数 | NK细胞活性(％) |
| 对照组1 | 0.33 | 192.0 | 35.43 |
| 实验组1 | 0.63 | 235.4 | 49.43 |
| 实验组2 | 0.61 | 231.9 | 50.28 |
| 实验组3 | 0.68 | 254.3 | 52.36 |
| 实验组4 | 0.58 | 246.5 | 50.28 |
| 实验组5 | 0.62 | 238.4 | 51.67 |
| 对比组1 | 0.42 | 200.3 | 38.2 |
| 对比组2 | 0.38 | 198.4 | 38.1 |
| 对比组3 | 0.43 | 201.6 | 40.2 |
由上表可知，实验组细胞增殖能力、抗体积数和NK细胞活性均高于对照组，表明了本发明具有全面提高疗效的作用，牡蛎等结合其它组分的有效成分起到调节内分泌，营养机体，促进机体新陈代谢，促进细胞生长发育等功能，且增强整个免疫系统的功能。具有抗疲劳、美容养颜和增强免疫力的作用。
牡蛎具有丰富的营养物质，含有丰富的糖原，其糖原对治疗抗疲劳、增强免疫力和美容养颜等具有重要的作用，与其它营养成分搭配，制备出的保健食品疗效好。以牡蛎、芜菁、刺五加和枸杞子为主料，增加糖原的含量，补充各种营养物质，对气血具有双向调节作用，能抵抗疲劳、增加免疫力和养颜的作用；何首乌、川穹为臣药，补气益血，健胃生精的作用，而郁金、五味子和山药为佐药，平补气阴，补五脏，安神等效果，白豆调和诸药，促进人体新陈代谢，健脾和胃，补气养血，达到抗疲劳、增强免疫力和养颜的作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种牡蛎保健食品，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：牡蛎30～50份、芜菁20～30份、刺五加10～15份、枸杞子20～25份、白豆10～20份、何首乌10～20份、川穹15～20份、郁金5～10份、五味子10～15份、山药5～15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种牡蛎保健食品，其特征在于，所述牡蛎保健食品包括以下重量份的组分：牡蛎40份、芜菁25份、刺五加12份、枸杞子23份、白豆16份、何首乌15份、川穹18份、郁金8份、五味子13份、山药11份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)清洗：将牡蛎清洗干净，破碎进行干蒸备用；
(2)提取：牡蛎按料液比为1～3：15～20与水混合，超声波辅助水提取，提取温度为60～75℃，提取时间为2～3h，离心分离，取上清液；
(3)药材提取液的制备：称取芜菁、刺五加、枸杞子、白豆、何首乌、川穹、郁金、五味子和山药，粉碎，用乙醇回流提取，药材与乙醇用量的重量比为1～2：5～8，取提取液减压蒸馏，得药材提取液；
(4)调配：将上清液和药材提取液按重量比5～10：3～6进行混合均匀，得混合液；
(5)沉淀分离：将混合液浓缩加入乙醇，搅拌1～2h后，离心分离，取沉淀，加入有机溶剂20～30min后进行离心分离，取下层沉淀；
(6)纯化：将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2～3次，再用乙醇洗涤3～5次；
(7)冷冻干燥：下层沉淀进行冷冻干燥，磨粉，制备成成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，干蒸温度为90～110℃，干蒸时间为10～15min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，所述超声波工作功率为180～200W，工作每15～20min后，暂停8～10min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中，用85～90％乙醇回流提取2～3次，每次2～3h。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中，减压蒸馏中压力为80～100Pa，温度为30～35℃。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中，所述有机溶剂为氯仿、正丁醇和乙醇中的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种牡蛎保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)中，将下层沉淀先用丙酮洗涤2次，再分别用80％、85％、90％、95％的乙醇洗涤4次。
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