CN107683275A - 聚醚胺和亚烷基胺的联合制备 - Google Patents
聚醚胺和亚烷基胺的联合制备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107683275A CN107683275A CN201680031593.5A CN201680031593A CN107683275A CN 107683275 A CN107683275 A CN 107683275A CN 201680031593 A CN201680031593 A CN 201680031593A CN 107683275 A CN107683275 A CN 107683275A
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- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- mixture
- polyetheramine
- melting
- alkoxylate
- Prior art date
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- -1 alkylene amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-threitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000360590 Erythrites Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JVWLUVNSQYXYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ribitol Natural products OCC(C)C(O)C(O)CO JVWLUVNSQYXYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000832 lactitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N lactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N ribitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
- C08G65/322—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing hydrogen
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Abstract
本发明提供一种通过胺化包含烷氧基化的醇和固体高熔点多元醇的液体多元醇引发剂混合物,以联合制备聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物的方法。该聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物可以用于多种应用,例如用于环氧树脂配制物的固化剂或者作为聚脲合成中的原材料。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2016年1月12日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/277,522在35U.S.C.119(e)下的权益,其整个内容在此明确通过参考引入。
关于联邦资助的研究或开发的声明
不适用。
发明领域
本发明提供一种通过使烷氧基化的醇和高熔点多元醇胺化来生产聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物的方法。该胺混合物可以用于多个应用,例如用于环氧树脂的固化或者用于聚脲的合成。
发明背景
烷氧基化的醇的胺化是在现有技术中久已公知的方法。它通常涉及在氢化催化剂存在下和通常在氢气存在下烷氧基化的醇与氨的反应。随后生产的聚醚胺获得了许多应用,例如作为环氧树脂的固化剂或者作为合成聚酰胺和聚脲的原材料。
整个商业方法通常要求:通过添加环氧烷例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷来使引发剂醇例如丙二醇或甘油烷氧基化,以形成具有不同官能的前体多元醇;和使该前体多元醇在高温高压进行还原性胺化,以产生聚醚胺。在大部分情况中,烷氧基化的引发剂醇在室温是液体,或者是低熔点固体。因为高能耗和需要更大的资金投入来增加热追踪能力,目前的方法中通常排除了高熔点引发剂醇。但是,这些高熔点引发剂醇有时候具有独特的和期望的特征,例如硬质主链、高官能度等。因此,有利地是提供这样的方法,其能够处置这样的高熔点引发剂醇,而不必对传统制造设施进行重大改变。
发明内容
本申请描述了一种联合制备聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物的新方法。该方法使用烷氧基化的醇作为溶剂和在还原性胺化步骤中作为与高熔点多元醇的共反应物。聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物可以与环氧树脂合并以形成环氧树脂配制物,或者与有机多异氰酸酯反应以形成聚脲。
具体实施方式
如果在本文中出现,术语“包含”及其派生词并不意在排除任何另外的组分、步骤或程序的存在,无论其是否在本文中公开。为了避免任何疑义,本文通过使用术语“包含”所要求保护的全部组合物可以包括任何另外的添加剂、助剂或化合物,除非有相反指示。相反地,如果在本文中出现,术语“主要由……组成”从任何随后引用的范围中排除任何其他组分、步骤或程序,除了对于操作性来说并非本质的那些之外,和如果使用,术语“由……组成”排除了没有明确描述或列举的任何组分、步骤或程序。除非另有规定,否则术语“或”指的是所列举的单个以及任意组合的成员。
冠词“一个”和“一种”在本文中用于表示一个/种或多于一个/种(即至少一个/种)的该冠词的语法宾语。举例来说,“一种胺”表示一种胺或多于一种胺。短语“在一个实施方案中”,“根据一个实施方案”等通常表示该短语之后的具体特征、结构或特性包括在本发明的至少一个实施方案中,并且可以包括在本发明的多于一个实施方案中。重要地,这样的短语不必然指相同的实施方案。如果说明书记载组分或特征“可以”、“能够”、“能”或“可能”被包括或者具有一定特性,则不要求该具体组分或特征被包括或者具有该特性。
当涉及基本上不存在材料来使用时,术语“基本上不含”表示这样的材料如果有的话,以偶然的杂质或副产物存在。例如,在一些实施方案中,该材料的存在量可以不大于0.01wt%,或者替代地不大于0.001wt%,基于体系的总重量计。
根据一方面,本发明提供一种联合制备聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物的方法。该方法总体上包括:(a)混合和加热烷氧基化的醇引发剂和每分子具有2-8个羟基的固体高熔点多元醇,以形成液体多元醇引发剂混合物;和(b)将该液体多元醇引发剂混合物装入还原性胺化区,并且在还原性胺化催化剂和氨存在下还原性胺化该混合物,以形成该聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。
已经令人惊讶地发现,烷氧基化的醇引发剂充当了溶解高熔点多元醇的溶剂以及被胺化的反应介质的一部分。因此,虽然所考虑的高熔点多元醇的熔点可以相对高,例如在一个实施方案中至少约100℃,在其他实施方案是至少约80℃,或至少约60℃,或至少约40℃,或甚至至少约30℃,但是烷氧基化的醇引发剂和高熔点多元醇混合物将具有明显降低的熔点,这使该方法在商业实践中相等于一种单级方法。
本文所述方法的优点是显而易见的。例如,因为该方法使用单级,所以与现有技术的多级方法相比,产生的不期望的副产物的数目将明显减少。此外,因为烷氧基化的醇充当溶剂,所以该方法可以基本上没有水或者也会导致杂质和不期望的副产物的其他溶剂来进行。
根据本发明的一方面,烷氧基化的醇引发剂是由醇和环氧烷加成形成的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。在一个实施方案中,醇是一元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或丁醇。在另一实施方案中,醇是多元醇。多元醇可以是二元醇例如乙二醇、丙二醇、三丙二醇、新戊二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,4-环己烷二甲醇,三元醇例如甘油或三羟甲基丙烷,四元醇例如季戊四醇,六元醇例如山梨糖醇,或者八元醇例如蔗糖。
在另一实施方案中,环氧烷可以是环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或其组合。在一个实施方案中,环氧烷是环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷。当环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷组合使用时,加合物可以是嵌段加合物或无规加合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,烷氧基化的多元醇引发剂是式(1)的化合物
其中每个AO可以相同或不同,并且每个可以彼此独立地是乙烯氧基、丙烯氧基或丁烯氧基,y和z可以每个单独是0-6的数,例如0、1、2、3、4、5或6,其中y和z中的至少一个是1或更大,y+z可以是1-12的数,例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12,和X可以是线性或支化的C2-C18亚烷基,例如C2-C12亚烷基和特别是C2-C6亚烷基,或C3-C12亚环烷基,例如C4-C8亚环烷基,特别是C5-C8亚环烷基,或C2-C4亚烷基-C3-C12亚环烷基,例如C2-C4亚烷基-C5-C6亚环烷基,或C2-C4亚烷基-C3-C12亚环烷基-C2-C4亚烷基,例如C2-C4亚烷基-C5-C6亚环烷基-C2-C4亚烷基。
根据另一方面,高熔点多元醇是具有2-8个羟基的化合物,在一些实施方案中具有2-3个羟基。在一个实施方案中,高熔点多元醇可以是:新戊二醇;季戊四醇,其可以是相对纯的,或者可以包含不同量的二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇;二季戊四醇;三季戊四醇;玉米淀粉的甲基αd-糖苷;玉米淀粉;蔗糖;乳糖;d-甘露糖醇;无水山梨糖醇;卫矛醇(dulcitol);赤藓醇;苏糖醇;阿糖醇;木糖醇;核糖醇;蒜糖醇;阿卓糖醇;山梨糖醇(gulitol);半乳糖醇(galactitol);塔罗糖醇;麦芽糖醇,异麦芽糖醇;乳糖醇;三羟甲基丙烷;三羟甲基乙烷;肌醇;葡萄糖;果糖;及其混合物。在一个具体的实施方案中,高熔点多元醇是在大气压下熔点至少约80℃,在其他实施方案中至少约90℃,而在另外的实施方案中至少约100℃的化合物。
将烷氧基化的醇引发剂和高熔点多元醇混合和加热,以溶解高熔点多元醇和形成液体多元醇引发剂混合物。在一些实施方案中,烷氧基化的醇引发剂与高熔点多元醇的重量比(即烷氧基化的醇引发剂:高熔点多元醇)可以例如等于或大于以下比率:95:5;90:10;85:15;80:20;75:25;70:30;65:35;60:40;55:45;或51:49。在其他实施方案中,高熔点多元醇与烷氧基化的醇引发剂的重量比(即高熔点多元醇:烷氧基化的醇引发剂)可以例如等于或大于以下比率:95:5;90:10;85:15;80:20;75:25;70:30;65:35;60:40;55:45;或51:49。在又一实施方案,高熔点多元醇与烷氧基化的醇引发剂的重量比(即高熔点多元醇:烷氧基化的醇引发剂)可以例如等于约50:50。在一个具体的实施方案中,液体多元醇引发剂混合物基本上不含水和其他溶剂。
混合可以通过任何已知的手段来进行,例如经由搅拌叶片、搅拌装置等在容器中进行,或者经由在线静态混合器混合,由此混合可以在管道内完成。然后加热混合物以促进高熔点多元醇的溶解。在一个实施方案中,在至少约40℃,在其他实施方案中至少约60℃,在另外的实施方案中至少约70℃,在另外的实施方案中至少约80℃的温度加热混合物。在其他实施方案中,可以在约50℃-约150℃的温度加热混合物。在一些方面中,液体多元醇引发剂混合物在混合和加热后,可以任选地用任何合适的酸或化学吸附剂来中和,例如草酸或硅酸镁,并过滤以除去任何存在的不溶性材料。
然后将液体多元醇引发剂混合物装入还原性胺化区,并在还原性胺化催化剂和氨存在下还原性胺化,以形成聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。反应物可以作为流体,典型地连续进料到还原性胺化催化剂的固定床。固体催化剂通常为粒料、片、挤出物、球等形式。活性催化剂组分可以是未负载的,或者沉积在载体材料上,如本领域技术人员已知的,例如氧化铝、二氧化硅等。反应在床中发生,因此床限定了反应区。来自于床或反应区的流出物也是流体,其包含进料流的未反应的组分和主要的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺反应产物,加上许多其他胺化合物。
在一些实施方案中,还原性胺化方法条件可以包括例如约100℃-约240℃范围内的温度和约500psi-约5,000psi范围内的压力,在一些实施方案中优选的是约180℃-约220℃范围内的温度和约1,000psi-约2,500psi范围内的压力。将流出物减压以回收过量的氢和氨用于再循环,然后分馏以除去反应副产物水和提供期望的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。
可以在还原性胺化过程中使用任何合适的氢化催化剂,例如美国专利3,654,370中所述的那些,其内容在此通过参考引入。在一些实施方案中,氢化催化剂可以包含周期表第VIIIB族金属例如铁、钴、镍、钌、铑、钯和铂中的一种或多种,其与一种或多种周期表第VIB族金属例如铬、钼或钨混合。也可以包含来自于周期表第IB族的促进剂例如铜。举例来说,可以使用包含约60mol%-约85mol%的镍,约14mol%-约37mol%的铜和约1mol%-约5mol%的铬(按氧化铬)的催化剂,例如在美国专利3,152,998中公开的类型的催化剂。再举一例,可以使用美国专利4,014,933中公开的类型的催化剂,其含有约70wt%-约95wt%的钴和镍的混合物,和约5wt%-约30wt%的铁。还举一例,可以使用美国专利4,152,353中公开的类型的催化剂,其包含镍、铜和第三组分(其可以是铁、锌、锆或其混合物),例如含有约20wt%-约49wt%的镍,约36wt%-约79wt%的铜和约1wt%-约15wt%的铁、锌、锆或其混合物的催化剂。在又一例子中,可以使用美国专利4,766,245中公开的类型的催化剂,其包含约60wt%-约75wt%的镍,和约25wt%-约40wt%的铝。在又一例子中,可以使用美国专利7,683,007中公开的类型的催化剂,其包含镍、铜、锆和/或铬、氧和锡。
在进行还原性胺化中,要使用的还原性胺化条件可以合适地包括使用约4mol-约150mol的氨/羟基当量的多元醇引发剂原料。氢优选的用量是约0.5摩尔当量-约10摩尔当量的氢/羟基当量的多元醇引发剂原料。当反应间歇进行时,在反应区内的接触时间可以合适地在约0.1小时-约6小时,更优选约0.15小时-约2小时的范围内。
当反应使用催化剂粒料连续进行时,反应速率可以合适地是约0.1g-约2g原料/小时/立方厘米催化剂,更优选约0.3g-约1.6g原料/小时/立方厘米催化剂。
根据另一方面,本发明提供一种由上述方法形成的包含聚醚胺和亚烷基胺的混合物。
由于它有利的性能,本文所述的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物可以用作配制物中的成分,该配制物可以用于广泛多种的工业应用,例如用于生产模制件(铸模树脂)、纤维增强的复合材料如风力涡轮发电机叶片,用于工具制造,或者用于生产在广泛多种的基底上的涂层和/或中间涂层,例如在有机或无机性基底上,例如木材、木材纤维(木材密封)、天然或合成来源的纺织品、塑料、玻璃、陶瓷、建筑材料如混凝土、纤维板和人造石,用于金属上例如铁、铝、铜等。另外,本文所述的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物可以用作粘合剂、水泥、层合树脂、合成树脂水泥、油漆或涂料的成分。可以在使用之前或之中,通过使成分例如经过混合来接触而制备配制物,并且它还可以施用到任何类型的表面,例如通过刷涂、喷涂、浸涂、挤出、印刷、静电喷涂等,随后固化以形成固化的材料。
根据一方面,本发明的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物可以与环氧树脂合并以形成环氧树脂配制物。环氧树脂配制物然后可以经历足以引起该环氧树脂配制物固化和形成固化产物的条件。
环氧树脂可以是1,2-环氧当量(官能度)平均为每分子至少1个环氧化物基团的反应性环氧树脂的任一种或混合物,优选每分子至少1.3环氧化物基团,更优选每分子至少1.6个环氧化物基团,甚至更优选具有官能度为每分子至少2个环氧基团的环氧树脂,以使得该混合物将与本文所述的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物,或它与其他胺硬化剂的共混物聚合,以形成有用的材料。在另一方面中,环氧树脂的官能度平均是每分子至少1.3个环氧化物基团-每分子约8个环氧化物基团,优选每分子至少约1.6个环氧化物基团-每分子约5个环氧化物基团。环氧树脂可以是饱和的或不饱和的,线性或支化的,脂族、环脂族、芳族或杂环,并且可以带有取代基如溴或氟。它可以是单体的或聚合的,液体或固体,但是优选在室温是液体或低熔点固体。
根据一方面,环氧树脂是聚缩水甘油基环氧化合物,例如聚缩水甘油基醚、聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚、聚缩水甘油基酯或聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯。聚缩水甘油基醚、聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚、聚缩水甘油基酯和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯的合成和例子公开在美国专利5,972,563中,其在此通过参考引入。例如,醚可以如下来获得:使具有至少一个游离醇羟基和/或酚羟基的化合物与适当取代的表氯醇在碱性条件下或在酸性催化剂存在下反应,随后进行碱处理。醇可以是例如无环醇,例如乙二醇、二甘醇和高级聚(氧乙烯)二醇、丙-1,2-二醇或聚(氧丙烯)二醇、丙-1,3-二醇、丁-1,4-二醇、聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇、戊-1,5-二醇、己-1,6-二醇、己-2,4,6-三醇、甘油-1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和山梨糖醇。但是,合适的缩水甘油基醚也可以获自脂环族醇,例如1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷、双(4-羟基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷或1,1-双(羟基甲基)环己-3-烯,或者它们可以具有芳环,例如N,N-双(2-羟乙基)苯胺或p,p’-双(2-羟乙基氨基)二苯基甲烷。
聚缩水甘油基醚或聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚的代表性例子包括基于单环酚的那些,例如基于间苯二酚或对苯二酚,基于聚环酚,例如基于双(4-羟苯基)甲烷(双酚F)、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A)、双(4-羟苯基)S(双酚S),烷氧基化的双酚A、F或S,三醇扩链的双酚A、F或S和溴化的双酚A、F或S,氢化的双酚A、F或S,酚和具有侧基或侧链的酚的缩水甘油基醚,基于酚或甲酚与甲醛在酸性条件下获得的缩合产物,例如酚醛清漆和甲酚醛清漆,或者基于二缩水甘油基硅氧烷。
聚缩水甘油基酯和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯可以通过使表氯醇或甘油二氯醇或β-甲基表氯醇与多羧酸化合物反应来生产。该反应方便地在碱存在下进行。多羧酸化合物可以例如是戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或者二聚的或三聚的亚油酸。但是,同样还可以使用脂环族多羧酸,例如四氢邻苯二甲酸、4-甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸。还可以使用芳族多羧酸例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸或苯均四酸,或者羧基封端的加合物,例如偏苯三酸和多元醇例如甘油或2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷的加合物。
在另一方面中,环氧树脂是非缩水甘油基环氧化合物。非缩水甘油基环氧化合物的结构可以是线性的、支化的或环状的。例如,可以包含一种或多种环氧化物化合物,其中环氧化物基团形成脂环或杂环的环体系的一部分。其他包括具有至少一个环氧环己基的含环氧的化合物,该至少一个环氧环己基直接或间接键合到含有至少一个硅原子的基团。例子公开在美国专利5,639,413中,其在此通过参考引入。仍然的其他包括含有一个或多个氧化环己烯基团的环氧化物,和含有一个或多个氧化环戊烯基团的环氧化物。特别合适的非缩水甘油基环氧化合物包括以下双官能非缩水甘油基环氧化物化合物,其中环氧化物基团形成脂环或杂环的环体系的一部分:双(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚、1,2-双(2,3-环氧环戊氧基)乙烷、3,4-环氧环己基-甲基、3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基-环己基甲基、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、二(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)己二酸酯、二(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯、亚乙基双(3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯)、乙二醇二(3,4-环氧环己基甲基)醚、乙烯基二氧化环己烯、二环戊二烯二环氧化物或2-(3,4-环氧环己基-5,5-螺-3,4-环氧)环己烷-1,3-二噁烷、和2,2’-双-(3,4-环氧-环己基)-丙烷。
在另一实施方案中,环氧树脂是环氧酚醛清漆化合物,其通过优选在碱性催化剂例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾存在下,表卤醇例如表氯醇与醛例如甲醛和单羟基酚或多羟基酚的树脂质缩合物反应来获得。
在其他实施方案中,环氧树脂是聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物或聚(S-缩水甘油基)化合物。聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物能够例如通过表氯醇与含有至少两个胺氢原子的胺的反应产物的脱氯化氢来获得。这些胺可以例如是正丁基胺、苯胺、甲苯胺、间二甲苯二胺、双(4-氨基苯基)甲烷或双(4-甲基氨基苯基)甲烷。聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物的其他例子包括亚环烷基脲例如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲的Ν,Ν’-二缩水甘油基衍生物,和乙内酰脲例如5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲的Ν,Ν’-二缩水甘油基衍生物。聚(S-缩水甘油基)化合物的例子是衍生自二硫醇例如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或双(4-巯基甲基苯基)醚的二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物。
还可以使用含环氧的化合物,其中1,2-环氧化物基团连接到不同的杂原子或官能团。这些化合物的例子包括4-氨基酚的Ν,Ν,Ο-三缩水甘油基衍生物,水杨酸的缩水甘油基醚/缩水甘油基酯,N-缩水甘油基-N’-(2-缩水甘油氧丙基)-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲或2-缩水甘油氧基-1,3-双(5,5-二甲基-1-缩水甘油基乙内酰脲-3-基)丙烷。
可以使用其他环氧化物衍生物,例如乙烯基二氧化环己烯、二氧化柠檬烯、一氧化柠檬烯、乙烯基一氧化环己烯、3,4-环氧环己基甲基丙烯酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基9,10-环氧硬脂酸酯和1,2-双(2,3-环氧-2-甲基丙氧基)乙烷。还可以想到使用氧杂环丁烷(oxetane),或者含环氧的化合物例如上述那些与环氧树脂硬化剂的液体预反应的加合物。
环氧树脂配制物可以进一步含有常规添加剂和辅助剂例如稳定剂、改性剂、消泡剂、增韧剂、加速剂、助固化剂、流平剂、增稠剂、阻燃剂、抗氧化剂、颜料、染料、填料及其组合。例如,加速剂例如胍或其衍生物可以用于该环氧树脂配制物中。胍衍生物的例子包括但不限于烷基胍例如二甲基胍或四甲基胍,或者衍生自任何这些的胍盐。胍盐的例子包括但不限于碳酸胍、乙酸胍和硝酸胍。受益于本发明的本领域技术人员将认识到用于本文所述的实施方案的适当的添加剂和辅助剂。
一经配制,环氧树脂配制物可以例如通过刷涂、喷涂、浸涂、静电喷涂等施用到一个或多个表面,并且经历适于使环氧树脂体系固化的条件。在一方面中,环氧树脂配制物在环境条件固化。在另一方面中,环氧树脂配制物在升高的温度例如在约40℃-约220℃的温度固化。在本发明的一些方面中,会需要与目前的环氧树脂体系中典型所需的相比更低的固化温度和/或更少的固化时间来实现所需的固化性能,例如玻璃化转变温度。实现在更低的固化(例如焙烤)温度和/或更短的固化时间改进的固化性能形成意味着能量成本潜在的节约和制造加工时间可能的降低(增加了生产率)。在本发明的方面中,固化所用的温度可以是约或小于40℃,45℃,50℃,55℃,60℃和65℃。在本发明的实施方案中,固化时间可以是约2小时(h)-约6h,包括约2.5h,3h,3.5h,4h,4.5h,5h和5.5h的间隔。在本发明的一个实施方案中,环氧树脂体系在约55℃固化约3-约6小时。受益于本发明的本领域技术人员将认识到如何使用更低的温度和/或更少的固化时间来实现所需的固化性能。
在又一实施方案中,本发明的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物与有机多异氰酸酯反应以形成聚脲。有机多异氰酸酯包括本领域技术人员已知的标准的异氰酸酯化合物和组合物。例子包括MDI基半预聚物例如作以9480、9484和9495商标产品可商购的那些,其全部获自Huntsman International,LLC。液化MDI例如 ML异氰酸酯,可获自Bayer Material Science,也可以用作全部或部分的异氰酸酯。
可以使用的其他有机多异氰酸酯包括本领域技术人员公知的那些。因此,例如它们可以包括美国专利4,748,192中所述类型的脂族异氰酸酯。因此,它们典型地是脂族二异氰酸酯,更具体地是三聚的或缩二脲形式的脂族二异氰酸酯,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,或四烷基二甲苯二异氰酸酯的双官能单体,例如四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯。脂族异氰酸酯的另一例子是环己烷二异氰酸酯。其他有用的脂族异氰酸酯描述在美国专利4,705,814中,其在此通过参考完整引入。它们包括脂族二异氰酸酯,例如在亚烷基中具有4-12个碳原子的亚烷基二异氰酸酯,例如1,12-十二烷基二异氰酸酯和1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯。还描述了脂环族二异氰酸酯,例如1,3和1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何所需的混合物,l-异氰酸酯根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸酯根合甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯);4,4’-、2,2’-和2,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及相应的异构体混合物等。
广泛多种的芳族多异氰酸酯也可以用于形成本发明的聚脲。典型的芳族多异氰酸酯包括对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、联茴香胺二异氰酸酯、二甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯、萘-1,4-二异氰酸酯、双(4-异氰酸酯根合苯基)甲烷、双(3-甲基-3-异氰酸酯根合苯基)甲烷、双(3-甲基-4-异氰酸酯根合苯基)甲烷和4,4’-二苯基丙烷二异氰酸酯。其他可以使用的芳族多异氰酸酯是亚甲基桥连的多苯基多异氰酸酯混合物,其官能度是约2-约4。这些后者的异氰酸酯化合物通常通过相应的亚甲基桥连的多苯基多胺(其通过甲醛和芳族伯胺例如苯胺在盐酸和/或其他酸性催化剂存在下反应来常规地生产)的光气化来生产。已知的制备多胺和由其制备相应的亚甲基桥连的多苯基多异氰酸酯的方法描述在文献和许多专利中,例如美国专利2,683,730;2,950,263;3,012,008;3,344,162和3,362,979,其全部在此通过参考完整引入。通常,亚甲基桥连的多苯基多异氰酸酯混合物含有约20-约100wt%的亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯异构体,其余的是具有更高官能度和更高分子量的多亚甲基多苯基二异氰酸酯。它们中典型的是含有约20-约100wt%的二苯基二异氰酸酯异构体,其余的是具有更高分子量和官能度的多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯的多苯基多异氰酸酯混合物,该二苯基二异氰酸酯异构体中约20-约95wt%是4,4’-异构体,该多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯具有约2.1-约3.5的平均官能度。这些异氰酸酯混合物是已知的可商购材料,并且可以通过美国专利3,362,979中所述的方法来制备。一种优选的芳族多异氰酸酯是亚甲基双(4-苯基异氰酸酯)或“MDI”。纯MDI、MDI的半预聚物、改性的纯MDI等可用于制备本发明的聚脲。因为纯MDI是固体,因而经常不便于使用,所以在本文中使用基于MDI或亚甲基双(4-苯基异氰酸酯)的液体产品。美国专利3,394,164(在此通过参考引入)描述了一种液体MI产品。更通常地,还包含脲酮亚胺改性的纯MDI。这种产物通过在催化剂存在下加热纯的蒸馏的MDI来制造。液体产物是纯MDI和改性MDI的混合物。术语有机多异氰酸酯还包括具有含活性氢的材料的异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯的半预聚物。
实施例
实施例1.向干燥的、氮气吹扫的反应器中添加2177g的新戊二醇和5080g的多元醇R2490,并且将该反应器在搅拌下加热到约80℃。然后将温度保持在80℃,直到全部的新戊二醇溶解,形成透明溶液。形成的混合物在室温保持均匀。
实施例2.向干燥的、氮气吹扫的反应器中添加1234g的新戊二醇和6024g的多元醇R2490,并且将该反应器在搅拌下加热到约80℃。然后将温度保持在80℃,直到全部的新戊二醇溶解,形成透明溶液。形成的混合物在室温保持均匀。
实施例3.向干燥的、氮气吹扫的反应器中添加1452g的新戊二醇和5806g的PPG-230,并且将该反应器在搅拌下加热到约80℃。然后将温度保持在80℃,直到全部的新戊二醇溶解,形成透明溶液。形成的混合物在室温保持均匀。
实施例4.通过在具有还原性胺化催化剂的100cc连续单元中,将氨和氢气添加到实施例1-3的相应混合物中,以胺化实施例1-3的混合物。实施例1-3的混合物和氨分别泵送,在线与氢混合,然后进料通过还原性胺化催化剂床。实施例1-3的混合物和氨保持在1:1重量进料比,而氨与氢的摩尔比保持在约10-20:1。反应器压力保持在2000psig和温度保持在约180℃-220℃。实施例1-3的混合物和氨进料比在约65g/h-约100g/h变化。收集形成的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物,汽提过量的氨、水和轻质胺,以形成最终的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物.
虽然前述涉及本发明的实施方案,但是可以想到本发明的其他和另外的实施方案而不脱离其基本范围,其范围由随后的权利要求书来确定。
Claims (10)
1.联合制备聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物的方法,其包括(a)混合和加热烷氧基化的醇引发剂和每分子具有2-8个羟基的固体高熔点多元醇,以形成液体多元醇引发剂混合物;和(b)将该液体多元醇引发剂混合物装入还原性胺化区,并且在还原性胺化催化剂和氨存在下还原性胺化该液体多元醇引发剂混合物,以形成该聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该烷氧基化的醇引发剂是由醇和环氧烷加成来形成的聚氧亚烷基多元醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中该醇是乙二醇、丙二醇、三丙二醇、新戊二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,4-环己烷二甲醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该高熔点多元醇是新戊二醇;季戊四醇;二季戊四醇;三季戊四醇;玉米淀粉的甲基αd-糖苷;玉米淀粉;蔗糖;乳糖;d-甘露糖醇;无水山梨糖醇;卫矛醇;赤藓醇;苏糖醇;阿糖醇;木糖醇;核糖醇;蒜糖醇;阿卓糖醇;山梨糖醇;半乳糖醇;塔罗糖醇;麦芽糖醇,异麦芽糖醇;乳糖醇;三羟甲基丙烷;三羟甲基乙烷;纤维醇;葡萄糖;果糖;及其混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中烷氧基化的醇引发剂:高熔点多元醇的重量比等于或大于51:49。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中高熔点多元醇:烷氧基化的醇引发剂的重量比等于或大于51:49。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该液体多元醇引发剂混合物基本上不含水和溶剂。
8.聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物,其通过以下来获得:(a)混合和加热烷氧基化的醇引发剂和具有每分子2-8个羟基的固体高熔点多元醇,以形成液体多元醇引发剂混合物;和(b)将该液体多元醇引发剂混合物装入还原性胺化区,并且在还原性胺化催化剂和氨存在下还原性胺化该液体多元醇引发剂混合物,以形成该聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。
9.环氧树脂配制物,其包含环氧树脂和根据权利要求8所述的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物。
10.形成聚脲的方法,其包括使根据权利要求8所述的聚醚胺和亚烷基胺混合物与有机多异氰酸酯反应。
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Application publication date: 20180209 |