CN107667796A - A kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain embeds film root-limiting cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain embeds film root-limiting cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107667796A CN107667796A CN201711174234.8A CN201711174234A CN107667796A CN 107667796 A CN107667796 A CN 107667796A CN 201711174234 A CN201711174234 A CN 201711174234A CN 107667796 A CN107667796 A CN 107667796A
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- soil
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- cultivation medium
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain to embed film root-limiting cultivating method.This method includes:1) ridging and ditching are carried out along north-south in field soil, forms ridge, the soil texture of ditch interphase distribution;2) fexible film or cultivating container of root-limiting cultivating are provided in ditch, cultivation medium is inserted in the fexible film or cultivating container;3) planting vegetable in cultivation medium, soil cultivation or the soilless culture of vegetables are realized, is blocked in the course of cultivation by rib and absorb solar irradiation, the cultivation medium in ditch is reduced temperature and strengthen the ability for maintaining low temperature.Fexible film is covered on the inwall of cultivation soil box by step 2), is then filled with cultivation medium, or be then filled with cultivation medium as cultivating container using rigid container.The present invention can realize facilities vegetable root-limiting cultivating, reduce root zone temperature, improve water and fertilizer utilization, block nutrient to underground water wash.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Installation Vegetable Cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain embeds film limit root
Cultural method.
Background technology
Facility plant (vegetables, flowers etc.) production is that the winter is carried out in the facilities such as heliogreenhouse, vinyl house, attached-greenhouse
The mode of spring vegetables in improper season production, is to meet that urban and rural residents of China " vegetable basket " safety and out-of-season plant product effectively supply
To indispensable technological means.By taking facilities vegetable as an example, nearly 4,200,000 hectares of China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation area, wherein more
Soil cultivation is used to be carried out for major way in heliogreenhouse, vinyl house, and soilless culture only accounts for minor proportion, also leads
Concentrate in the production of attached-greenhouse vegetables.Compared with outdoor cropping, because heliogreenhouse and vinyl house are simple in construction, accumulation of heat
Violent diurnal variation and seasonal fluctuation, summer high temperature harm and winter low temperature harm be present in poor thermal insulation property, the temperature in facility
It is extremely serious, govern the stable yields and high yield of China's greenhouse vegetable soil cultivation.It is such as big in summer, heliogreenhouse and plastics
Canopy heat preservation and insulation is poor, because in the space in relative closure, North China, northwest and the Northeast's summer day and night temperature in addition
Small, root area and the canopy temperature difference are small, and high temperature is often up to more than 35 degree in daytime room, and root zone temperature often reaches more than 30 degree, danger to vegetables
Root system and overground part grow and yield and quality.In the winter time, because of heliogreenhouse and plastic greenhouse thermal insulation poor performance,
Daytime, the heat of storage was easy to scatter and disappear in night, causes night chilling damage (soil moisture is often less than 8 degree), causes vegetable root
System is by serious harm.Currently, how by technological innovation, the high/low temperature harm for cutting down summer and winter facility vegetables is ten
Divide important matter of science and technology.At present, China's heliogreenhouse and vinyl house do not have any cooling system, are only dropped by ventilation
Temperature, canopy surface temperature are difficult to effectively reduce.Moreover, about reducing the cultural method of root zone temperature also without report.
In addition, because heliogreenhouse and vinyl house are relatively closed agricultural production systems, under long-term planting conditions, by
The environmental condition such as high humiture and evaporation capacity, high rich water input, high multiple crop index and the influence of agronomy activity, the thing of soil in protected field
Reason, chemistry and biology property develop acutely, often result in various serious soil environment quality problems.Currently, because of long-term plantation
Facility vegetable field soil environment quality problem is extremely serious, including liquid manure resource utilization is low, continuous cropping obstacle, agricultural chemicals are heavy metal-polluted
" bottleneck " that the problems such as dye, secondary salinization, victual low quality has developed in a healthy way into engagement device horticulture industry.
The reason for causing these problems, which is that specific gravity of soil is big, consolidation is difficult to the physicochemical characters such as movement, three-phase complicated components, causes soil
In harmful components can not possibly precisely reject, physical chemistry and Biological Attribute of Industrial regulation and control are difficult;In addition facility air-soil-underground
Water be connection entirety, liquid manure, agricultural chemicals, antibiotic, the heavy metal put under the collective effect of sunlight heat and agronomic measures
It can be directly released into environment Deng pollutant, harm is serious.Currently, how by technological innovation, liquid manure utilization of resources effect is improved
Rate, it is that the low high temperature damage of facilities vegetable is highly important problem in science to cut down risk of environmental pollution.
Currently, how to solve the problems (summer in conventional facilities vegetables production in summer by Cultivated engineering technological innovation
Ji Gaowen, soil environment quality deterioration, environmental pollution etc.) it is very urgent technical problem.Facilities vegetable root-limiting cultivating is solution
The problems such as certainly water and fertilizer utilization is low in conventional facilities vegetables production in summer, soil cultivation disturbance is big, Nutrient Environment pollution it is potential
Effective ways.However, how further to reduce the root zone temperature of summer root-limiting cultivating vegetables, it is to need to break through to keep root area liquid manure
Technological difficulties, summer environment friendly high temperature resistant facilities vegetable root-limiting cultivating technology is still in blank.
The content of the invention
The present invention embeds film root-limiting cultivating method, Neng Goushi in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain
Existing facilities vegetable root-limiting cultivating, reduces root zone temperature, improves water and fertilizer utilization, blocks nutrient to underground water wash.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain embeds film root-limiting cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
1) ridging and ditching are carried out along north-south in field soil, forms ridge, the soil texture of ditch interphase distribution;
2) fexible film or cultivating container of root-limiting cultivating are provided in ditch, in the fexible film or cultivating container
Insert cultivation medium;
3) planting vegetable in cultivation medium, soil cultivation or the soilless culture of vegetables is realized, is passed through in the course of cultivation
Rib blocks and absorbed solar irradiation, the cultivation medium in ditch is reduced temperature and strengthens the ability for maintaining low temperature.
Further, step 1) field soil cathetus cut the earth, using excavate obtain soil ditch both sides ridging,
Ridging soil amount and cultivating soil amount are just being used on by soil caused by calculating ditching, forming certain size specification
Ridge, the soil texture of ditch interphase distribution.
Further, step 2) is covered on the cultivation in ditch using Zinc fractions cultivation soil box, the fexible film
On the inwall of soil box, cultivation medium is then filled with.
Further, passage is provided with the fexible film, the passage is strip or circle.
Further, the passage is located at away from cultivation soil box bottom 1-2 centimeters, the passage it is a diameter of
1-2 centimetres.
Further, the step 2) cultivating container is disposed on the rigid container in ditch, is inserted in the rigid container
Cultivation medium, the space between the outer wall of the rigid container and the inwall of ditch are filled up with soil;The side wall of the rigid container
Middle and lower part is provided with passage.
Further, the cultivation medium is the mixing of organic media, inorganic medium of the soil either in addition to soil
Thing.
Further, 15-30 centimetres of row spacing is set, and ridge is high 10-15 centimetres, 20-40 centimetres of furrow width, the cultivating container in ditch
It is suitable for reading wide 5-40 centimetres, the difference in height of ridge and cultivation medium upper surface is 20-30 centimetres.
Further, reflective material layer is covered on the surface of ditch.
Further, drip irrigation zone is laid under reflective material layer, realizes that water-fertilizer integral supplies.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1) this method can realize root-limiting cultivating.Liquid manure, root system are limited in the cultivation bed that rib inter-drain is embedded in, reduced
Disturbance of the cultivation to the soil body, water and fertilizer utilization will significantly improve, and prevent the risk of nitrogen phosphorus and moisture environment release.
2) this method can keep root low temp area environment.Most solar irradiations will be received and be blocked in ridge, the cultivation medium in ditch
Light-receiving area is small, can reduce the temperature of cultivation medium;In addition, ditch is embedded in, water content of substrate is big, and latent heat is big, and is combined with the soil body
Temperature buffer ability is high, can maintain medium low temperature, cut down the harm to vegetable growth because of high ambient temperature.
3) this method can keep root area moisture.Because cultivation medium light-receiving area is small in rib inter-drain, evaporation capacity is small,
Moisture that can be in keep medium, improve the high-temperature resistance of substrate culture vegetables.
4) this method can use soil also to use other solid state mediums to be as cultivation matrix as cultivation medium
Soilless culture and the universal new method of soil cultivation.
5) cultivation medium dosage is small, easily disposal, and environmental pollution occurs for the facility farmland soil body and the risk of continuous cropping obstacle is notable
Reduce.
In a word, the present invention is innovated by cultural method, is realized facilities vegetable limit root (matrix) cultivation, is reduced root area temperature
Degree, water and fertilizer utilization is improved, reduce the multiple target of the risk of nitrogen phosphorus environmental pollution, be the northern area of China Installation Vegetable Cultivation
Admissible environmentally friendly high-yield culture technique.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment medium wave shape wave field soil structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the ditch between two ridges in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that cultivation bed top edge width is less than ditch width in embodiment.
Fig. 4 is that ridge is U-shaped in embodiment and ditch is square schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is embodiment Zhong Long and ditch is semicircular schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is embodiment Zhong Long and ditch is square schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram for setting rigid container in embodiment in ditch.
Fig. 8 is to cover the schematic diagram of reflective material layer on the surface of ditch in embodiment.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, below by specific embodiment and
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment proposes the ridge inter-drain that a kind of suitable Gray in Sunlight Greenhouse in Summer and vinyl house use and embeds membrane type limit root
Cultural method, this method form ridge and the awave field of ditch interphase distribution by ridging and ditching (ditch is alternatively referred to as lowland)
Between soil cross section structure, as shown in figure 1, wherein 1 is ridge, 2 be ditch, and 3 be ground, and 4 be heliogreenhouse or vinyl house.Specifically
During implementation, cut the earth in field soil cathetus, using both sides ridging of the soil in ditch for excavating acquisition, pass through and calculate ditching
Caused soil is just being used on ridging soil amount and cultivating soil amount, forms ridge, the soil of ditch interphase distribution of certain size specification
Earth structure.
The cut-away view of ditches of the Fig. 2 between each two ridge.The present embodiment directly as cultivation soil box, that is, plants ditch 2
The width of ridging groove is identical with the width of ditch 2, is to cultivate the soil surface in soil box to paste fexible film 5 in ditch 2, as plastics are thin
Film, plastic cloth etc. are, it is necessary to ensure there is certain tensile strength.It is subsequently filled the conducts such as soil, organic-inorganic medium mixture
Cultivation medium 6, the planting vegetable 7 in cultivation medium 6, realize soil cultivation or the soilless culture of vegetables.Fexible film 5 is in distance
The centimeters of bottom 2 of cultivation soil box get through the row of stomata 1,1-2 centimetres of the diameter of passage.
Wherein, the width for cultivating soil box top edge might be less that or much smaller than ditch width, as shown in figure 3, wherein 8 be cultivation
Ridging groove.It is less than the cultivation soil box 8 of ditch width using Zinc fractions top edge width in ditch, positioned at the horizontal plane center of ditch
Position, then paste fexible film 5 recited above in the inwall of cultivation soil box 8.It can be square, cylinder to cultivate soil box
Shape, semicircle are spherical etc. variously-shaped.
Preferably, 15-30 centimetres of row spacing is set, and ridge is high 10-15 centimetres, 20-40 centimetres of furrow width, cultivation soil box wide 5- suitable for reading
40 centimetres, the difference in height of ridge and cultivation medium upper surface is 20-30 centimetres.
Wherein, the shape of ridge and ditch is in addition to the shape shown in Fig. 1 or other shapes, as ridge is U-shaped in Fig. 4, ditch
To be square, Fig. 5 Zhong Long and ditch are semicircle, and Fig. 6 Zhong Long and ditch are square, etc..
Using above-mentioned cultural method, it is possible to achieve root-limiting cultivating.The cultivation for covering fexible film liquid manure being limited in ditch
Earth up in groove, water and fertilizer utilization will significantly improve, and prevent the risk of nitrogen phosphorus and moisture environment release.
Using above-mentioned cultural method, root low temp area environment can be kept.Most solar irradiations will be received and be blocked in ridge, in ditch
Cultivation medium can maintain low temperature, cut down the harm to vegetable growth because of high ambient temperature.
Using above-mentioned cultural method, soil can be used to be used as cultivation medium in ditch, also can using other solid state mediums or
Matrix is soilless culture and the universal new method of soil cultivation as cultivation medium;And cultivation medium dosage is small, easily disposal,
The risk of environmental pollution and continuous cropping obstacle significantly reduces.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are that the structure in ditch for root-limiting cultivating is not to utilize soil shape
Into cultivation soil box and the form of fexible film is pasted, but as shown in fig. 7, rigid container 9 is set in ditch, in rigid container 9
Equipped with cultivation medium, the space between the outer wall of rigid container 9 and the inwall of ditch is filled up with soil.It is similar with fexible film,
The middle and lower part of the side wall of rigid container is provided with passage.Rigid container 9 can be that square, tubular, semicircle are spherical etc. variously-shaped.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment covers a reflective material layer 10 on the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, on the surface of ditch, such as Fig. 8
It is shown, for reflection light, radiant heat transfer is reduced, so as to be more favorable for making keeping low-temperature condition in ditch.The reflective material layer
The part on the ridge on edges cover both sides is domatic, if the reflective material layer that the surface of same ditch is set is by the small reflectorized material of polylith
Layer is formed, then each piece of small reflective material layer overlaps with the small reflective material layer of adjacent block, to prevent that soil enters on ridge
In ditch, also it is beneficial to fix the reflective material layer.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment lays drip irrigation zone on the basis of embodiment 1~3, in the position of ditch, realizes that water-fertilizer integral supplies.
In the case of the surface of ditch in embodiment 3 covers reflective material layer, drip irrigation zone is laid below reflective material layer.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than is limited, the ordinary skill of this area
Technical scheme can be modified by personnel or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this
The protection domain of invention should be to be defined described in claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of facilities vegetable rib inter-drain embeds film root-limiting cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps:
1) ridging and ditching are carried out along north-south in field soil, forms ridge, the soil texture of ditch interphase distribution;
2) fexible film or cultivating container of root-limiting cultivating are provided in ditch, is inserted in the fexible film or cultivating container
Cultivation medium;
3) planting vegetable in cultivation medium, soil cultivation or the soilless culture of vegetables is realized, passes through rib in the course of cultivation
Block and absorb solar irradiation, the cultivation medium in ditch is reduced temperature and strengthen the ability for maintaining low temperature.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) is cut the earth in field soil cathetus, is obtained using excavation
Soil in the both sides ridging of ditch, be just used on that ridging is native to be measured and cultivating soil by soil caused by calculating ditching
Amount, form ridge, the soil texture of ditch interphase distribution of certain size specification.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) cultivates soil box in ditch using Zinc fractions, described
Fexible film is covered on the inwall of the cultivation soil box, is then filled with cultivation medium.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that passage is provided with the fexible film, the passage is
Strip or circle.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the passage is located at away from 1-2 lis of the cultivation soil box bottom
At rice, a diameter of 1-2 centimetres of the passage.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hard that the step 2) cultivating container is disposed in ditch holds
Device, cultivation medium is inserted in the rigid container, the space between the outer wall of the rigid container and the inwall of ditch is filled up with soil,
The middle and lower part of the side wall of the rigid container is provided with passage.
7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation medium is soil either having in addition to soil
The mixture of machine medium, inorganic medium.
8. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that 15-30 centimetres of row spacing, ridge is high 10-15 centimetres, furrow width 20-40
Centimetre, cultivating container in ditch it is suitable for reading wide 5-40 centimetres, the difference in height of ridge and cultivation medium upper surface is 20-30 centimetres.
9. the method as described in any claim in claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that cover reflective material on the surface of ditch
The bed of material.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that drip irrigation zone is laid under reflective material layer to realize liquid manure one
Bodyization supplies.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2733654C1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-10-06 | Викторий Данилович Девяткин | Pot method of growing large root crops, based on carrots, by devyatkin |
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CN106069707A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 北京创新生活科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of low-cost energy-saving cooling cultivation system |
CN106613278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Furrow cultivation method of protected vegetables |
CN106717381A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of embedded substrate culture ridger of facilities vegetable and ridging method |
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CN1160475A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1997-10-01 | 许明东 | Under-mulching irrigation method for crops planting with mulching |
CN103843542A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-11 | 山东省江北葡萄研究所 | Grape root-suppression fertilizer-retaining and water-saving cultivation method |
CN104145802A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Device and method for embedded soilless culture of protected vegetables by soil ridging |
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RU2733654C1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-10-06 | Викторий Данилович Девяткин | Pot method of growing large root crops, based on carrots, by devyatkin |
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Application publication date: 20180209 |