CN203985389U - A kind of greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a ridge-buried trough-type soilless cultivation device for facility vegetables, which comprises a trough-type cultivation container and an irrigation device. The trough-type cultivation container is embedded in the soil, with an open upper end, a closed bottom end, and There is an opening on the top, and a cultivation substrate is installed inside; the irrigation device is used for drip irrigation of nutrient solution into the cultivation container. Preferably, the trough-type cultivation container is embedded in the cultivation ridge, the upper edge of the cultivation container is slightly higher than the upper end of the cultivation ridge, and the cultivation container is tightly wrapped by the soil of the cultivation ridge. The irrigation device includes a nutrient solution container, a drip irrigation pipeline, a pumping system, a moisture sensor and a control device. The utility model is suitable for use in solar greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, and is suitable for the cultivation and production of various fruits and vegetables, melons and other crops, and has low cost, strong versatility, and convenient control.

Description

A kind of soilless cultivation device of facility vegetable soil ridge buried groove

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation of facility agriculture, in particular to a soilless cultivation device of a ridge-buried trough-type soil for facility vegetables.

Background technique

Facility vegetable production is a way of producing winter and spring off-season vegetables in facilities such as multi-span greenhouses, solar greenhouses, and plastic greenhouses. It is an indispensable technical means to meet the safe and effective supply of "vegetable baskets" for urban and rural residents in my country. my country's protected vegetable cultivation area is nearly 4 million hectares, of which soil cultivation is the main method, accounting for more than 99%, while soilless cultivation only accounts for a very small proportion.

Compared with open field cultivation, facility soil is in a relatively closed space, affected by environmental conditions such as high temperature and humidity, evaporation, high fertilizer and water input, high multiple cropping index and other environmental conditions and agronomic activities, the physical, chemical and biological properties of facility soil evolve Severe, complex and diverse pathways often lead to soil quality problems such as secondary soil salinization, nutrient imbalance, accumulation of harmful elements, and deterioration of microbial flora. At present, the problems of protected horticulture production caused by the deterioration of soil quality are very serious. Problems such as continuous cropping obstacles, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, low utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources, deterioration of ecological environment, and poor quality of agricultural products have become the "bottleneck" that restricts the healthy development of the protected horticultural industry. . What's more serious is that due to the uncontrollable soil environment, the yield and quality of vegetable soil cultivation in facilities are low, which is increasingly unable to meet people's requirements for high-quality agricultural products.

Soilless cultivation is an effective way to solve this problem. The substrate is used instead of soil, and the root system of vegetables is limited in an artificial environment to avoid environmental release and pollution of water and fertilizer. It prevents the occurrence of production problems such as continuous cropping obstacles and salinization. However, the application and popularization of soilless cultivation in solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses is extremely difficult, and traditional nutrient hydroponics cannot be implemented at all.

Soilless cultivation or nutrient solution cultivation in traditional facilities requires high-cost special facility cultivation devices, and the agronomic management technology is more complicated, and has higher requirements for greenhouse environment control. It is suitable for multi-span greenhouses or glass greenhouses with hardened ground, and is not suitable for farming. Soil-use solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses. Although some facility vegetable organic ecological soilless cultivation techniques and organic soil cultivation developed by Chinese scholars can be separated or partially separated from the soil, they need to use building materials such as bricks or dig soil to build cultivation tanks and prepare cultivation substrates. The operation is cumbersome and the substrate The dosage is large, the cost is high, and the reusability is poor, so it is not suitable for factory production and application. Moreover, the soil cultivation of facility vegetables is an open cultivation mode, and water and fertilizer management is extensive. Water and fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) are easily released to the environment through leaching and volatilization, resulting in waste of nutrient resources and environmental pollution, and poor sustainability. In addition, long-term implementation will inevitably cause continuous cropping obstacles and frequent production problems of pests and diseases.

At present, there is an urgent need to develop facility vegetable cultivation technology suitable for the application of solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses in my country, which can not only overcome the inherent problems of soil cultivation, but also solve the problems of high cost and complex technology of facility vegetable soilless cultivation.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a low-cost, highly versatile, and easy-to-manage and control facility vegetable soil ridge-buried trough-type soilless cultivation device.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is as follows:

A soilless cultivation device for ridge-buried troughs for facility vegetables, comprising a trough-type cultivation container and an irrigation device, the trough-type cultivation container is embedded in the soil, its upper end is open, its bottom end is closed, and its side wall is provided with an opening. The hole is equipped with a cultivation substrate; the irrigation device is used for drip irrigation of nutrient solution into the cultivation container.

Further, the trough-type cultivation container is embedded in the cultivation ridge, the upper edge of the cultivation container is slightly higher than the upper end of the cultivation ridge, and the cultivation container is tightly wrapped by the soil of the cultivation ridge; the cultivation ridge is covered with a film to maintain moisture.

Further, the bottom of the trough cultivation container is flat or pointed, and the size of the opening at the top is greater than or equal to the size of the bottom.

Further, the trough-type cultivation container is made of materials such as PVC and PE, and the cultivation container is 50-300 cm long, 5-30 cm wide, and 10-30 cm high. The length of the trough-type cultivation container (or cultivation trough) can be selected according to actual needs, for example, a cultivation trough consistent with the length of the cultivation ridge can be used, or it can be formed by connecting multiple sections of cultivation troughs, that is, connecting multiple short cultivation troughs together to form a Long cultivation slot. Among them, the adjacent short cultivation grooves can be sealed and connected by bonding, occlusal and other connection methods.

Further, the openings on the side wall of the trough-type cultivation container are close to the bottom of the cultivation container, 2-5 cm away from the bottom, the number of openings is 1-3 rows, the row spacing is 0.2-1 cm, and the distance between two holes in the horizontal direction is 1-5 cm. 2cm, aperture 0.2-0.8cm.

Further, the cultivation substrate includes vermiculite, peat, and pearl salt, and the volume ratio is 1:(0.5-2):(0.5-1), preferably 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:1:1 2:1 etc. Furthermore, the cultivation substrate is disinfected, wherein the peat can be replaced by some materials that can be used for soilless cultivation such as rice husk, coconut shell, and decomposed manure.

Further, the irrigation device includes a nutrient solution container, a drip irrigation pipeline, a pumping system and a control device (single-chip microcomputer or computer system).

Further, the irrigation device also includes a moisture sensor (soil moisture content sensor), the moisture sensor is connected to the control device, the moisture sensor detects the amount of water in the cultivation container, and is controlled by the control device to keep the cultivation container at an appropriate temperature. water holding rate. The water holding rate is selected above 40%.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. The device is suitable for use in solar greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, and is suitable for the cultivation and production of various fruits and vegetables, melons and other crops.

2. The crop root system is limited in the cultivation container, which can effectively absorb and utilize nutrients and water, and improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients and water; moreover, a small amount of roots extend out of the cultivation container through holes, which can absorb nutrients and water in the soil, improving It improves the stability and support of crops, resists lodging, and reduces the chance of soil-borne disease infection.

3. The cultivation container is buried in the cultivation ridge, which is relatively fixed. The surrounding soil can increase the heat preservation capacity of the cultivation container. Through the soil buffer, it can reduce the damage of low temperature and ensure the safety of the root system of crops at night in winter and spring.

4. The cultivation substrate is small in size and light in weight, and can be sterilized to avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; moreover, the sterilized substrate can be reused between crops, and the crops are compact, which improves the cultivation efficiency and the yield per unit area.

5. The closed design of the bottom of the cultivation container can effectively block the loss of water and fertilizer, and avoid the occurrence of soil pollution, salinization and other problems. The soil only undertakes part of the function of the cultivation substrate, thus protecting the soil quality and the sustainability of the facility ecosystem.

6. The cultivation container is small, and the supply of water and fertilizer is sufficient and controllable, which can increase the cultivation density, improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, and increase the yield.

7. The cultivation container is small, easy to embed, reusable, and quick to arrange the stubble.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soilless cultivation device for ridges and buried grooves for facility vegetables in an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cultivation container embedded in a cultivation ridge.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the long groove shape of the cultivation container in the embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation container equipped with a cultivation substrate in an example.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage cultivation tank.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a facility vegetable soil embedded substrate cultivation device with sensing equipment.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the steps of facility vegetable cultivation in the embodiment.

Explanation of symbols in the figure: 10—cultivation container, 11—opening hole, 12—cultivation substrate, 20—cultivation ridge, 21—nutrient solution container, 22—pumping system, 23—drip irrigation pipeline, 24—moisture sensor, 25— control device.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above purpose, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the utility model will be further described below through specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the facility vegetable soil ridge buried groove type soilless cultivation device of the present utility model, which mainly includes a cultivation container 10 and an irrigation device. The irrigation device is used to pour nutrient solution into the cultivation container 10, including a nutrient solution pool (nutrient solution container) 21, equipped with a pumping system 22 and a drip irrigation pipeline 23, and controlled by a control device 25 to supply water and fertilizer. The cultivation container 10 is embedded on the cultivation ridge 20, and the upper edge of the cultivation container 10 is slightly higher than the cultivation ridge 20 upper end, and the cultivation container 10 is tightly wrapped by the soil of the cultivation ridge 20, as shown in FIG. 2 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the cultivation container 10, which is in the shape of a long trough with an open upper end and a closed bottom end. An opening 11 is provided on the side wall of the cultivation container 10, and a cultivation substrate 12 is housed inside, as shown in FIG. 4 . The cultivation container 10 can be made of materials such as PVC and PE, and the bottom is flat or pointed. The opening 11 on the side wall of the cultivation container 10 is close to the bottom, 2-5cm away from the bottom, the number of opening rows can be 1-3 rows, the row spacing is 0.2-1cm, the distance between two holes in the horizontal direction is 1-2cm, and the aperture is 0.2cm. -0.8cm.

The cultivation substrate 12 includes vermiculite, peat, and pearl salt, and the volume ratio is 1:(0.5~2):(0.5~1), preferably 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, etc. . Furthermore, the cultivation substrate is disinfected, wherein the peat can be replaced by some materials that can be used for soilless cultivation such as rice husk, coconut shell, and decomposed manure.

The trough-type cultivation container of the utility model can be directly embedded in the soil, or can be ridged on the soil in advance to embed the cultivation container in the cultivation ridge. The cultivation container can be partially buried below the ground level, and can also be buried in the ridge above the ground level. The upper edge of the cultivation container is slightly higher than the soil surface (or slightly higher than the upper end of the cultivation ridge), and the cultivation container is tightly wrapped by the soil. The utility model preferably adopts the method of ridging, so that the temperature in the cultivation container can be maintained at low temperature in winter and spring, the buffering capacity of the substrate temperature can be improved, and the occurrence of freezing damage can be prevented; the ridging is beneficial to the ventilation between rows and the walking of operators; It is beneficial to cover the ridge with film, increase the temperature in the ridge, prevent the generation of weeds, and have a good moisture conservation effect.

In other embodiments, the length of the cultivation container can be selected according to actual needs, for example, it can be consistent with the length of the cultivation ridge, or a multi-section cultivation groove can be used, that is, a plurality of cultivation grooves are connected together to form a long cultivation groove, as shown in Figure 5 . The cultivation tanks in the middle section are in the shape of "U", and the adjacent cultivation tanks can be sealed and connected by bonding, occlusal and other connection methods.

In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6 , the irrigation device can also include a moisture sensor 24 to detect the amount of water in the cultivation container through the moisture sensor 24 and control it through the control device 25 to keep the cultivation container at an appropriate water holding rate. The water holding rate is generally above 40%. For example, determine the irrigation amount at 80% water holding rate according to the amount of cultivation substrate, and control it regularly. According to the size of the cultivation area, several sensors such as 2 can be set per mu, or sensors can be set at each cultivation container, and sensors can be inserted into the openings of the cultivation container to detect the moisture content of the substrate.

Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the steps of the facility vegetable cultivation method adopting an embodiment of the above-mentioned device, and each step is specifically described as follows:

1) Prepare the cultivation substrate: mix the components of the cultivation substrate (vermiculite, peat, pearl salt, etc.) according to a certain volume ratio to make the cultivation substrate;

2) Making cultivation containers: use PVC, PE and other materials to customize long trough-shaped cultivation containers, and fill the cultivation containers with substrates. The nutrient solution is watered through the drip irrigation system, and the excess nutrient solution accumulates at the bottom of the container to avoid leakage into the deep soil. Most of the root system is confined in the cultivation container, and part of the root tip part with strong absorption energy can extend out of the cultivation container into the soil through the hole to absorb the water and nutrients in the soil. Similarly, the water and fertilizer in the soil can enter the container through the gap and be absorbed. root absorption and utilization.

3) Make cultivation ridges: Ridging in advance, width and height are 20-30cm and 20-30cm respectively. The cultivation container is buried on the cultivation ridge. The upper edge of the cultivation container is slightly higher than the upper end of the cultivation ridge, and the cultivation container is tightly wrapped by the soil of the cultivation ridge. The moisture content of the cultivation ridge can be pre-adjusted, and it can also be covered with film to maintain the moisture content and avoid the growth of weeds.

4) Seedling cultivation and transplanting: the seedlings are raised with the plug substrate, and after the seedlings are established, they are transplanted together with the substrate to the center of the cultivation container.

5) Make an irrigation device: use a nutrient solution pool or container, configure a pumping system and a drip irrigation system for water and fertilizer supply, determine the irrigation amount at 80% water holding rate according to the number of cultivation substrates, and control it regularly.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model and not to limit it. Those skilled in the art can modify or equivalently replace the technical solution of the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. The scope of protection of the utility model should be based on the claims.

Claims (10)

1. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging buries a slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that, comprises slot type cultivating container and irrigation rig, described slot type cultivating container is embedded in soil, its upper end open, bottom sealing, sidewall is provided with perforate, and cultivation matrix is equipped with in inside; Described irrigation rig is for drip irrigation nutrient solution in described cultivating container.

2. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container is embedded in cultivation ridge, cultivating container top edge is a little more than cultivation upper end, ridge, and the soil that cultivating container is cultivated ridge closely wraps up; On described cultivation ridge, overlay film is to keep soil moisture content.

3. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described slot type cultivating container is the flat or sharp end, and top open part size is more than or equal to bottom size.

4. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container adopts PVC or PE material to make, the long 50 ~ 300cm of cultivating container, wide 5 ~ 30cm, high 10 ~ 30cm.

5. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described slot type cultivating container is formed by connecting by multistage cultivating groove.

6. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the perforate on described slot type cultivating container sidewall is near bottom, apart from bottom 2 ~ 5cm, perforate line number is 1 ~ 3 row, line-spacing is 0.2 ~ 1cm, the spacing in horizontal direction two holes is 1 ~ 2cm, and aperture is 0.2 ~ 0.8cm.

7. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described cultivation matrix comprises vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, pearl salt, and its volume ratio is 1:(0.5 ~ 2): (0.5 ~ 1).

8. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: the peat composed of rotten mosses of stating in cultivation matrix is replaced by rice husk, coconut husk or the ight soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed.

9. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 1 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described irrigation rig comprises nutrient solution container, drip irrigation pipeline, the moving system of pump and control device.

10. greenhouse vegetable soil ridging as claimed in claim 9 buries slot type cultivation apparatus without soil, it is characterized in that: described irrigation rig also comprises moisture transducer, for detection of the water yield in described cultivating container, and control by described control device, make cultivating container keep suitable specific retention.