CN107652335B - 一种乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法及其抗肝癌活性应用 - Google Patents
一种乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法及其抗肝癌活性应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法及其抗肝癌活性应用。
背景技术
随着人们对癌症发病机制的研究不断得到突破,靶向治疗已经成为治疗癌症的主要方向之一。但是对于某一特定的癌症,可能是由几个肿瘤基因片段或者作用路径在起作用,并且由于机体容易对单一药物产生耐药性,且进展期HCC的异质性非常高,所以设计合理的药物组合以降低单一药物的耐药性是非常有必要的。使得双靶点药物的协同作用成为新药发现的重要策略。天麻为兰科植物天麻(Gastrodia elata)的干燥块茎,是我国民间传统名贵药材,2015版《中国药典》介绍天麻具有息风止痉,平抑肝阳,祛风通络之功效。功能主治小儿惊风,癫痫抽搐,破伤风,头痛眩晕,手足不遂,肢体麻木,风湿痹痛。而天麻素(化学名为对-羟甲基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)是其主要活性成分,有较好的镇静和安眠作用,此外其还具有保肝,抗炎,镇痛,降血脂,抗惊厥,抗抑郁症,抗糖尿病,强精壮体,缓解脑梗死,改善记忆力和活血,保护神经等作用,近期高健美等[7]报道天麻素通过活化NF-kB细胞传导来刺激机体抗癌免疫应答和抑制移植的H22肝腹水肿瘤细胞的生长。Jin-Chul Heo等报道天麻素具有抗癌活性可能与GTP-Ras依赖性途径有关,由于存在多种药理作用并有提高机体免疫力作用,且作用温和目前已作为食品添加剂,通过增加其脂溶性或许会有意想不到的效果,另一方面由于抗肿瘤药存在多种副作用,与其连用或许可以尽可能的减少抗肿瘤药的毒副反应。
斑蝥素(cantharidin,C10H12O4)是从昆虫斑蝥体内提取的抗癌物质,对肝癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、食道癌、皮肤癌等有良好疗效,与临床上常用的抗肿瘤药物相比,斑蝥素有着独特的优点,研究表明斑蝥素和它的类似物不仅不抑制人体的免疫功能,并可提升人体内白细胞数量,其是一种在贵州民间广泛使用的抗肿瘤天然产物,属于抗肿瘤药物开发的热门先导化合物。研究表明,斑蝥素及其衍生物都是通过抑制蛋白磷酸酶PP1、PP2A的活性,引起细胞周期阻滞,导致肿瘤细胞发生凋亡,达到抗肿瘤作用。但斑蝥素本身既具有治疗多种肿瘤的药理作用,又具有极强的毒副作用,临床上常与其他抗癌药物联合使用,因此如何将斑蝥素和乙酰天麻素设计成双靶点乙酰天麻素衍生物具有很强的实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种乙酰天麻素衍生物;第二目的在于提供所述乙酰天麻素衍生物的制备方法;第三目的在于提供乙酰天麻素衍生物具有抗肝癌肿瘤活性的应用研究。
目的一:一种乙酰天麻素衍生物,所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物为具有通式I的衍生物:
进一步的,所述烷基为甲基、乙基或者苄基。
本发明的工作原理及有益效果:乙酰天麻素,分子式为C21H26O11,分子量为454.4,化学结构式(III)如下:
现代药理学研究表明,天麻素具有保肝,抗炎,镇痛,降血脂,抗惊厥,抗抑郁症,抗糖尿病,强精壮体,缓解脑梗死,改善记忆力和活血,保护神经等作用。近期发现天麻素通过活化NF-kB细胞传导来刺激机体抗癌免疫应答和抑制移植的H22肝腹水肿瘤细胞的生长和天麻素具有抗癌活性可能与GTP-Ras依赖性途径有关。本发明以乙酰天麻素为先导化合物,通过与斑蝥素和它的类似物设计合成了乙酰天麻素衍生物,该乙酰天麻素衍生物为具有全新结构的化合物,不仅能减少乙酰天麻素或者斑蝥素它的类似物单独作为抗肿瘤药的毒副反应,同时还能促进衍生物的抗肿瘤的效果,尤其适用与抗肝癌肿瘤的应用。
目的二:乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,乙酰天麻素与缩合原料通过缩合反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物,所述的缩合原料包括5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸甲酯、5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸乙酯和5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸苄酯。
进一步,所述的缩合反应是将缩合原料与乙酰天麻素溶于有机溶剂,在缩合剂和催化剂反应条件下,0~8℃搅拌反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物;或者是由缩合原料在缩合剂、催化剂和有机溶剂存在下与乙酰天麻素加热反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物。
进一步,所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或氯仿中的一种。
进一步,所述的缩合剂为N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺或1-乙基-3(3-二甲基丙胺)碳二亚胺或三乙胺中的一种。
进一步,所述的催化剂为4-(二甲氨基)吡啶。
本发明天麻素衍生物的制备方法简单易行,重现性好,污染小,工艺简单、对设备和条件要求较低,原料易得、产率和纯度高,三废排放少,同时适合工业化生产,可用于式I化合物的大量制备。
目的三:乙酰天麻素衍生物在制备抗肝癌肿瘤活性药物中的应用。
利用细胞增殖抑制实验(MTT法)对目标化合物进行了肝癌测试,结果表明化合物对肝癌细胞株HepG2,SMCC7721都与一定的抑制作用,其中化合物2-甲基-3-(4-(((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三乙酰氧基-6-(乙酰氧基甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)苄基)-7-杂双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酯对肝癌细胞株HepG2和SMCC7721的IC50值分别为55.33μM和42.07μM。
附图说明
图1为实例1的1H-NMR图谱;
图2为实例1的13C-NMR图谱;
图3为实例1的IR图谱;
图4为实例1的LC-MS图谱;
图5为实例2的1H-NMR图谱;
图6为实例2的13C-NMR图谱;
图7为实例2的IR图谱;
图8为实例2的LC-MS图谱;
图9为实例3的1H-NMR图谱;
图10为实例3的13C-NMR图谱;
图11为实例3的IR图谱;
图12为实例3的LC-MS图谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明:
本发明所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物为具有通式I的衍生物:
式中:R为烷基或者醇类化合物。
R为甲基、乙基、苄基中的一种。
本发明所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物的制备方法是先将顺丁烯二酸酐和呋喃在38℃以乙醚为溶剂经Diels-Alder反应制得5-烯去甲斑蝥素,接着是各种醇试剂对酸酐的取代反应,最后以4-(二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCi)为缩合剂,控制温度在0-55℃与乙酰天麻素进行缩合反应得到目标物。
其中,R为烷基或者醇类化合物。
所述缩合反应具体包括:
步骤:是先将顺丁烯二酸酐和呋喃在38℃以乙醚为溶剂经Diels-Alder反应制得5-烯去甲斑蝥素,接着是各种醇试剂对酸酐的取代反应,最后以4-(二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCi)为缩合剂,控制温度在0-55℃与乙酰天麻素进行缩合反应生成式I所示化合物。
本发明所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或者氯仿。
本发明所述的缩合剂为为N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺或1-乙基-3(3-二甲基丙胺)碳二亚胺或三乙胺中的一种。
本发明所述的催化剂为4-(二甲氨基)吡啶。
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实例对本发明进行进一步说明:
实例1:
称取12.02g经研钵研细的顺丁烯二酸酐于50ml圆底烧瓶中,随后加入90ml乙醚于圆底烧瓶中,搅拌使顺丁烯二酸酐溶解,接着用恒压滴液漏斗往圆底烧瓶中缓慢滴加13ml呋喃。滴毕,使体系温度升高到38℃,1h后,瓶中出现白色沉定,继续反应24h后,抽滤,得白色固体18.01g,收率为88.45%。之后在氮气保护下,将甲醇加入到圆底烧瓶中,并加入适量三乙胺,室温下搅拌反应24小时,旋干溶剂,加入二氯甲烷溶解,用1当量盐酸萃取,取下层有机相,随后用饱和食盐水萃取,收集下层有机相,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到深黄色固体。最后于装有10ml的Schlenk中加入5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸甲酯(1mmol)和乙酰天麻素(0.5mmol),在室温的条件下搅拌3h,TLC点板监测,反应结束后,过硅胶柱得产品。产率87%。
表征数据:白色固体,m.p.64-67℃;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:1.84-2.08(m,12H),2.75-2.87(m,2H),3.44(s,2H),4.05(d,J=11.74Hz,1H),4.14-4.27(m,2H),4.88-5.07(m,4H),5.10(s,2H),5.39(t,J=9.59Hz,1H),5.54(d,J=7.83Hz,1H),6.41-6.51(m,2H),6.98(d,J=8.61Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.61Hz,2H);13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):20.57,20.59,20.67,52.33,61.88,66.55,68.19,71.06,72.02,72.62,76.75,77.07,77.39,98.88,116.98,126.48,130.11,130.19,133.45,133.61,156.92,164.65,165.25,169.24,169.37,170.19,170.51;IR(KBr)ν:2956,2925,2854,2112,1752,1643,16121,15141,14371,1377,1228,1042,908,818,697,600,512cm-1;MS(ESI)(C30H34O15)计算值[M-NH4]+计算值:652.59,测量值:652.2。
实例2:
称取12.02g经研钵研细的顺丁烯二酸酐于50ml圆底烧瓶中,随后加入90ml乙醚于圆底烧瓶中,搅拌使顺丁烯二酸酐溶解,接着用恒压滴液漏斗往圆底烧瓶中缓慢滴加13ml呋喃。滴毕,使体系温度升高到38℃,1h后,瓶中出现白色沉定,继续反应24h后,抽滤,得白色固体18.01g,收率为88.45%。之后在氮气保护下,将乙醇加入到圆底烧瓶中,并加入适量三乙胺,室温下搅拌反应24小时,旋干溶剂,加入二氯甲烷溶解,用1当量盐酸萃取,取下层有机相,随后用饱和食盐水萃取,收集下层有机相,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到深黄色固体。最后于装有10ml的Schlenk中加入5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸乙酯(1mmol)和乙酰天麻素(0.5mmol),在室温的条件下搅拌3h,TLC点板监测,反应结束后,过硅胶柱得产品。产率90%。
表征数据:白色固体,m.p.58-61℃,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:0.99-1.14(m,3H),1.93-2.05(m,12H),2.74-2.86(m,2H),3.77-4.00(m,2H),4.06(d,J=11.74Hz,1H),4.13-4.30(m,2H),4.88-5.14(m,6H),5.36-5.46(m,1H),5.52-5.59(m,1H),6.42-6.49(m,2H),6.98(d,J=8.22Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.61Hz,2H);13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.09,20.61,20.64,20.72,29.70,46.48,61.41,61.88,66.55,68.16,71.05,72.04,72.63,76.72,77.04,77.23,77.35,98.91,110.00,117.00,130.15,130.22,133.19,134.15,156.93,164.77,164.84,169.30,169.40,170.25,170.58.IR(KBr)ν:3448,2964,1758,1638,1514,1372,1229,1162,1040,984,909cm-1,830,600cm-1;MS(ESI)(C31H36O15)计算值[M-Na]+计算值:671.61,测量值:671.2。
实例3:
称取12.02g经研钵研细的顺丁烯二酸酐于50ml圆底烧瓶中,随后加入90ml乙醚于圆底烧瓶中,搅拌使顺丁烯二酸酐溶解,接着用恒压滴液漏斗往圆底烧瓶中缓慢滴加13ml呋喃。滴毕,使体系温度升高到38℃,1h后,瓶中出现白色沉定,继续反应24h后,抽滤,得白色固体18.01g,收率为88.45%。之后在氮气保护下,将苄酯加入到圆底烧瓶中,并加入适量DMAP,室温下搅拌反应24小时,旋干溶剂,加入二氯甲烷溶解,用1当量盐酸萃取,取下层有机相,随后用饱和食盐水萃取,收集下层有机相,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,旋干,得到深黄色固体。最后于装有10ml的Schlenk中加入5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸苄酯(1mmol)和乙酰天麻素(0.5mmol),在室温的条件下搅拌3h,TLC点板监测,反应结束后,过硅胶柱得产品。产率92%。
表征数据:白色固体,m.p.56-59℃,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):1.86-2.16(m,12H),2.79-2.97(m,2H),4.04(d,J=11.74Hz,1H),4.13-4.27(m,2H),4.76-4.89(m,2H),4.91-5.08(m,4H),5.10-5.17(m,2H),5.39(t,J=9.59Hz,1H),5.48-5.60(m,1H),6.37-6.51(m,2H),6.90-7.02(m,2H),7.18-7.41(m,7H);13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:20.59,20.61,20.70,37.58,46.95,61.88,66.32,66.87,68.19,71.08,72.04,72.65,76.71,77.03,77.35,80.52,94.27,98.96,116.90,128.31,128.39,128.55,130.16,130.61,135.56,136.60,136.66,156.80,169.26,169.38,170.22,170.55,171.22,177.51.IR(KBr)ν:3451,2961,1757,1638,1612,1514,1401,1368,1228,1160,1046,908,832,753,699,599cm-1;MS(ESI)(C36H38O15)计算值[M-Na]+计算值:628.69,测量值:628.2。
乙酰天麻素衍生物的抗肝癌活性测试:
细胞增殖抑制实验(MTT法)
取对数生长期的细胞以每孔5000个的细胞密度接种于96孔板中,37℃培养24h后弃旧的培养基,加入含不同浓度的测试化合物的完全培养基,再培养48h后每孔加入20ulMTT溶液(5mg/mL),37℃孵育4h,取出96孔板,轻轻吸取并弃去培养液后,加入150ul DMSO将甲瓒溶解,并于水平摇床上震摇10min,使用酶标仪在490nm处读取吸光度OD值。然后利用GraphPad Prism5.0软件对细胞生长率进行非线性回归拟合出细胞生长率与化合物浓度之间(%of control-浓度)的曲线,并获得化合物对细胞生长抑制的IC50值。每组实验设置三个复孔,实验结果为至少两次以上独立重复实验所得结果的平均值。其中化合物浓度梯度为:500uM,250uM,125uM,62.5uM,31.25uM,15.63uM,7.81uM,3.90uM。按照下列公式计算生长抑制率(inhibition ratio,IR)。
表1目标化合物对肝癌细胞株HepG2,SMCC7721的抑制活性
结果表示:实例化合物对人肝癌细胞Hep G2的抑制活性IC50分别为55.33uM,,57.36uM,68.04uM,对SMCC7721的抑制活性IC50分别为42.04uM,49.55uM,61.76uM,弱于阳性药斑蝥素,但以上化合物对肝癌细胞还是具有一定抑制作用的,为以后斑蝥素的进一步改造提供了实验依据。
应用实例:
实施例1化合物制备的片剂
取实例1化合物2g、羟丙甲纤维素4g、羧甲淀粉钠10g、微晶纤维素10g、乳糖115g、药用淀粉50g、硬脂酸镁1g,将主药与辅料充分混匀后投入高速搅拌机中,喷雾加水适量,整粒,水分控制在3~4%,然后压片,制成1000片,包薄膜衣。每片含主药成分0.2mg。
实施例1化合物制备的胶囊剂
取实施例1化合物2 2g、微晶纤维素25g、药用淀粉70g,将药用淀粉先干燥,过120目筛,再与COP-W1、微晶纤维素混合,过两次120目筛,填入硬胶囊中,制成1000粒本发明胶囊。每粒硬胶囊含主药成分0.2mg。
实例1化合物制备的片剂
取4g实施例1化合物,500g微晶纤维素,450g糊精,75g低取代羟丙甲纤维素,75%乙醇75mL,硬脂酸镁5g,用湿法制粒压片法压2000片。
最后有必要在此说明的是:以上实施例只用于对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述,所属领域普通技术人员知晓申请日或者优先权日之前发明所属技术领域所有的普通技术知识,能够获知该领域中所有的现有技术,并且具有应用该日期之前常规实验手段的能力,所属领域普通技术人员可以在本申请给出的启示下,结合自身能力完善并实施本方案,一些典型的公知结构或者公知方法不应当成为所属领域普通技术人员实施本申请的障碍。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。(以下无说明书正文)。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物,其特征在于:所述烷基为甲基或者乙基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,其特征在于:乙酰天麻素与缩合原料通过缩合反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物,所述的缩合原料为5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸甲酯、5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸乙酯或5-烯去甲斑蝥素单酸苄酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,其特征在于:所述的缩合反应是将缩合原料与乙酰天麻素溶于有机溶剂,在缩合剂和催化剂反应条件下,0~8℃搅拌反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物;或者是由缩合原料在缩合剂、催化剂和有机溶剂存在下与乙酰天麻素加热反应得到乙酰天麻素衍生物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或氯仿。
6.根据权利要求4所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,其特征在于:所述的缩合剂为N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺或1-乙基-3(3-二甲基丙胺)碳二亚胺。
7.根据权利要求4所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物制备方法,其特征在于:所述的催化剂为4-(二甲氨基)吡啶。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的乙酰天麻素衍生物在制备抗肝癌肿瘤活性药物中的应用。
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