CN107646463A - A kind of hickory nut implantation methods - Google Patents

A kind of hickory nut implantation methods Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107646463A
CN107646463A CN201710744344.7A CN201710744344A CN107646463A CN 107646463 A CN107646463 A CN 107646463A CN 201710744344 A CN201710744344 A CN 201710744344A CN 107646463 A CN107646463 A CN 107646463A
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hickory nut
seed
parts
fertilizer
soil
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谭传高
龙登楷
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Qiandongnan Longshan Agriculture Development Co Ltd
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Qiandongnan Longshan Agriculture Development Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to nut field of planting, more particularly to a kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：Site preparation, Pregermination and seedling breeding, grafting, grafting management, field management.Pass through the plantation of science, fertilizing management so that the hickory nut planted of the present invention, germination percentage improve 5.1 9%, hickory nut output increased 1.2 10.3 plants/kg of processing, while the beneficiating ingredient in hickory nut：Albumen quality, carbohydrate, fat, amino acid, dietary fiber content also have increase, greatly improve the nutritive value of hickory nut, meet the market demand.

Description

A kind of hickory nut implantation methods
Technical field
The invention belongs to nut field of planting, more particularly to a kind of hickory nut implantation methods.
Background technology
Hickory nut, also known as Juglans mandshurica, juglans mandshurica, it is a kind of deciduous tree, belongs to Juglandaceae hickory, be that China is distinctive Famous-brand and high-quality dry fruit and woody oleiferous plants crop, rich in amino acid, protein, fat, carbohydrate, have very high economic value and Nutritive value.Hickory nut is as the existing last 100 yearses history of cultivation of fruit tree, and as domestic demand amount is increasing, orchard worker also increases The cultivated area of hickory nut.Because hickory nut result is slow, cause planting cost higher, hickory nut yield is difficult to meet market need Ask.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide hickory nut implantation methods, particular by following technical scheme Come what is realized：
A kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, is applied the 1-2 months before sowing Quick lime and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, wherein quick lime dosage are per 100m2Using 20-30kg, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid dosage is 100m240-50L is sprayed, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 25-35 days, then soil is ploughed deeply, depth 50-60cm, per 100m2 Improve special fertilizer using 70-80kg soil, ridge processing is carried out to soil, the specification on ridge is per 100m240-50 ridges are set, between ridge Away from for 1-1.2m, processing of digging pit is carried out from the top on ridge, the length, width and height in hole are respectively 60 × 50 × 30, and the spacing in hole is 1.5- 2m；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the hickory nut seed of germination is transplanted to container In, containers size is 15 × 25cm, cultivates 20-30 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole of step 1), cheats interior covering 2- Improve special fertilizer with soil after soil thick 3cm and fill up hole, and cover the thick soil of 0.5-1cm；
3) grafting：2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding are stock, and in the season of growth, collection is grown healthy and strong Lignifying or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 2-3cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 3-4h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：10-15 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing2Spray 10-20L nutrition Liquid and 40-50L prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, release bondage thing within 40-45 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 1 month, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m2Using 10-20kg, after fertilising Water immediately, spray a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m each two moon2Dosage is 30-40L；
After November, plant strain growth is slow, every 1 month every plant impose 30-40kg fowl and animal excrements；
In firstfruits tree period, every plant imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 0.5- of potash fertilizer 1kg；
December dressing fertilizer once, every plant of 3-5kg growth fertilizer and 1-2kg composite fertilizers.
Further, described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following mass parts raw material：Pilea notata 50-100 parts, beautiful galangal seed 30- 70 parts, daffodil 100-150 parts, saururus chinensis 60-110 parts, gleditsia sinensis 60-100 parts, mistletoe 20-50 parts, trans-ferulaic acid 2-3 Part, zymotic fluid 1-4 parts.
Further, described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following preparation process：
1) raw material is crushed, powder and zymotic fluid mixing, control powder moisture is in 30-40%, 28-35 DEG C, and ferment 12- 14h, obtain fermentation material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 2-3h in salt solution, 1-2h is extracted under 25-30KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, added in filtrate Enter trans-ferulaic acid, both, wherein salt water consumption is its 4-5 times of fermentation material quality, concentration 20%；
Further, described zymotic fluid is Bifidobacterium liquid, living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000/ml.
Further, described soil improves special fertilizer, including following mass parts, vine of multiflower knotweed 300-500 parts, beer fermentation liquid 200-500 parts, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 200-300 parts, herba aristolochiae 50-100 parts, perilla leaf 50-100 parts.
Further, described soil improves fertilizer, including following preparation process：
1) vine of multiflower knotweed, the Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction, herba aristolochiae, perilla leaf are crushed, bakees 2-3h at 110-140 DEG C, obtain material 1；
2) material 1 is mixed into obtain base-material with beer fermentation liquid, base-material water content is 40-50%, builds heap, 50-60 DEG C of fermentation 2-1 My god, turning once, 40-50 DEG C, is fermented 3-4 days, and both having obtained soil improves fertilizer.
Further, described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 15-20min in 15-20 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 50-55 DEG C of water after filtering 20min, and be stirred continuously, filter out seed and be soaked in prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 1-2h, pull seed clear water out and clean, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 2-3h in the case where wavelength is 600-610nm LED orange-colored lights, then by the orange light irradiations of LED Seed cold treatment 5-6h under the conditions of 4-5 DEG C, obtain cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 20-25 DEG C 3-4 days, during which spray one time of nutrition liquid every 5-6h.
Further, described nutrient solution is the mass mixing such as monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, potassium borohydride, abscisic acid Powder, add the water dissolving of 20-30 times of mixed-powder quality.
Further, described growth fertilizer, including following mass parts raw material：Gibberellin 1-3 parts, basic element of cell division 2-4 parts, oneself Sour diethylaminoethanol ester 1-2 parts, soil improve fertile 100-150 parts.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The hickory nut that the present invention plants, by using the different water-cooled of temperature alternately to seed Carry out disinfection, and with the use of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid of the present invention, in vernalization using the processing seed of LED light, greatly carry The high activity of seed so that germination percentage improves 5.1-9%；Pass through the management of science, fertilising, hickory nut output increased 1.2-10.3 strain/kg.
Further, carry out beneficiating ingredient content to the hickory nut that the present invention plants to detect, its albumen quality content increases 0.2-2.8g/100g, carbohydrate is added to add 1.1-5.2g/100g, fat content increases 0.6-4.6g/100g, ammonia Base acid content adds 0.8-3.3g/100g, dietary fiber content increases 0.9-4.5g/100g, greatly improves mountain core The nutritive value of peach, meets the market demand.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited in these realities Mode is applied, any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit, it is claimed to still fall within the claims in the present invention Scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, and January, which sprays, before sowing gives birth to Lime and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, wherein quick lime dosage are per 100m2Using 20kg, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid dosage is 100m2Sprinkling 40L, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 25 days, then soil is ploughed deeply, depth 50cm, per 100m2Improve using 70kg soil Special fertilizer, ridge processing is carried out to soil, the specification on ridge is per 100m240 ridges, ridge spacing are 1m, are digged pit from the top on ridge Processing, the length, width and height in hole are respectively 60 × 50 × 30, and the spacing in hole is 1.5m；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the Walnut Seed of germination is transplanted in container, Containers size is 15 × 25cm, cultivates 20 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole that step 1) is dug, and it is thick to cheat interior covering 2cm Soil, and improve special fertilizer with soil and fill up hole, soil improves the soil that 0.5cm thickness is covered on special fertilizer；
3) grafting：2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding are stock, and in the season of growth, collection is grown healthy and strong Lignifying or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 2cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 3h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：10 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing210L nutrient solutions are sprayed in sprinkling With 40L prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, bondage thing is released within 40 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 30 days, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m210kg, poured immediately after fertilising Water, a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m were sprayed every 2 months2Dosage is 30L；
Plant strain growth is slow after November, every 1 month every plant impose 30kg fowl and animal excrements；
Every plant of firstfruits tree imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 0.5kg of potash fertilizer；
December dressing fertilizer once, every plant of 3-5kg growth fertilizer and 1-2kg composite fertilizers.
Described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following preparation process：
1) by Pilea notata 50kg, beautiful galangal seed 30kg, daffodil 100kg, saururus chinensis 60kg, gleditsia sinensis 60kg, mistletoe 20kg, Trans-ferulaic acid 2kg is crushed, powder and the mixing of 1kg zymotic fluids, and at 30%, 28 DEG C, ferment control powder moisture 12h, must send out Ferment material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 2h in salt solution, 1h is extracted under 25KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, trans Ah is added in filtrate Wei's acid both obtains, and wherein salt water consumption is its 4 times of fermentation material quality, concentration 20%；
Described zymotic fluid is Bifidobacterium liquid, living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000/ml.
Described soil improves fertilizer, including following preparation process：
1) by vine of multiflower knotweed 300kg, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 200kg, herba aristolochiae 50kg, perilla leaf 50kg, crush, bakeed at 110 DEG C 2h, obtain material 1；
2) material 1 being mixed into obtain base-material with 200kg beer fermentation liquids, base-material water content is 40%, builds heap, and 50 DEG C ferment 2 days, Turning once, 40 DEG C, is fermented 3 days, and both having obtained soil improves fertilizer.
Described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 15min in 15 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 20min in 50 DEG C of water after filtering, and constantly Stirring, filters out seed and is soaked in prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 1h, pull seed clear water out and clean, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 2h in the case where wavelength is 600nm LED orange-colored lights, and then the seed of the orange light irradiations of LED exists Cold treatment 5h under the conditions of 4 DEG C, obtains cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 20 DEG C 3 days, during which spray one time of nutrition liquid every 5h.
Described nutrient solution is the mass mixing powder such as monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, potassium borohydride, abscisic acid, to add Enter the water dissolving of 20 times of mixed-powder quality.
Described growth fertilizer, is to change gibberellin 1kg, basic element of cell division 2kg, diethylamino ethanol caproate 1kg, soil Kind fertile 100kg mixing.
Embodiment 2
A kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, is sprayed the 1-2 months before sowing Quick lime and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, wherein quick lime dosage are per 100m2Using 20kg, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid dosage is 100m2Spray 40L is spilt, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 25 days, then soil is ploughed deeply, depth 50cm, per 100m2Sprinkling 70kg soil changes Kind special fertilizer, ridge processing is carried out after mixing to soil, the specification on ridge is per 100m240 ridges, ridge spacing is 1m, from the top on ridge Processing of digging pit is carried out, the length, width and height in hole are respectively 60 × 50 × 30, and the spacing in hole is 1.5m；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the Walnut Seed of germination is transplanted in container, Containers size is 15 × 25cm, cultivates 20 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole of step 1), cheats the thick soil of interior covering 2cm Earth, then improve special fertilizer with soil and fill up hole, soil, which improves, covers the thick soil of 0.5cm on special fertilizer；
3) grafting：2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding are stock, and in the season of growth, collection is grown healthy and strong Lignifying or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 2cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 3h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：10 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing210L nutrient solutions are sprayed in sprinkling With 40L prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, bondage thing is released within 40 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 30 days, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m210kg, poured immediately after fertilising Water, a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m were sprayed every 2 months2Dosage is 30L；
Plant strain growth is slow after November, every 1 month every plant impose 30kg fowl and animal excrements；
Every plant of firstfruits tree imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 0.5kg of potash fertilizer；
December dressing fertilizer once, every plant of 3kg growth fertilizer and 1kg composite fertilizers.
Described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following preparation process：
1) by Pilea notata 50kg, beautiful galangal seed 30kg, daffodil 100kg, saururus chinensis 60kg, gleditsia sinensis 60kg, mistletoe 20kg, Crush, at 30%, 28 DEG C, ferment control powder moisture 12h, obtains fermentation material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 2h in salt solution, 1h is extracted under 25KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, trans Ah is added in filtrate Wei acid 2kg, both.Wherein salt water consumption is its 4 times of fermentation material quality, concentration 20%；
Described soil improves fertilizer, including following preparation process：
1) by vine of multiflower knotweed 300kg, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 200kg, herba aristolochiae 50kg, perilla leaf 50kg
Crush, bakee 2-3h at 110 DEG C, obtain material 1；
2) 1 will be expected, it is 40% to control 1 water content of material, builds heap, and 50 DEG C ferment 2 days, and turning once, 40 DEG C, is fermented 3 days, both Obtaining soil improves fertilizer.
Described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 15min in 15 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 20min in 50 DEG C of water after filtering, and constantly Stirring, filters out seed and is soaked in prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 1h, pull seed clear water out and clean, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 2h in the case where wavelength is 600nm LED orange-colored lights, and then the seed of the orange light irradiations of LED exists Cold treatment 5h under the conditions of 4 DEG C, obtains cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 20 DEG C 3 days, during which spray one time of nutrition liquid every 5h.
Described nutrient solution is the mass mixing powder such as monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, potassium borohydride, abscisic acid, to add Enter the water dissolving of 20 times of mixed-powder quality.
Described growth fertilizer, is to change gibberellin 1kg, basic element of cell division 2kg, diethylamino ethanol caproate 1kg, soil Kind fertile 100kg mixing.
Embodiment 3
A kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, is sprayed the 1-2 months before sowing Quick lime and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, wherein quick lime dosage are per 100m2Using 24kg, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid dosage is 100m2Spray 44L is spilt, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 28 days, then soil is ploughed deeply, depth 54cm, per 100m2Sprinkling 74kg soil changes Kind special fertilizer, ridge processing is carried out to soil, the specification on ridge is per 100m244 ridges, ridge spacing are 1m, then are carried out from the top on ridge Dig pit processing, the length, width and height in hole are respectively 60 × 50 × 30, and the spacing in hole is 1.7m；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the Walnut Seed of germination is transplanted in container, Containers size is 15 × 25cm, cultivates 24 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole of step 1), cheats the thick soil of interior covering 2cm Earth, then improve special fertilizer with soil and fill up hole, soil, which improves, covers the thick soil of 0.5cm on special fertilizer；
3) grafting：2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding are stock, and in the season of growth, collection is grown healthy and strong Lignifying or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 2cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 3h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：12 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing2Spray 14L nutrient solutions and 44L Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, release bondage thing within 43 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 30 days, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m2Using 14kg, after fertilising immediately Watering, a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m were sprayed every 2 months2Dosage is 34L；
Plant strain growth is slow after November, every 1 month every plant impose 34kg fowl and animal excrements；
Every plant of firstfruits tree imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 0.7kg of potash fertilizer；
December dressing fertilizer once, every plant of 3kg growth fertilizer and 1kg composite fertilizers.
Described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following preparation process：
1) by Pilea notata 57kg, beautiful galangal seed 50kg, daffodil 120kg, saururus chinensis 80kg, gleditsia sinensis 70kg, mistletoe 40kg, Crush, powder and the mixing of 3kg zymotic fluids, at 36%, 30 DEG C, ferment control powder moisture 12h, obtains fermentation material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 2-3h in salt solution, 1-2h is extracted under 25-30KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, added in filtrate Enter trans-ferulaic acid 2.5kg, both, wherein salt water consumption is its 4.3 times of fermentation material quality, concentration 20%；
Described zymotic fluid is Bifidobacterium liquid, living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000/ml.
Described soil improves fertilizer, including following preparation process：
1) by vine of multiflower knotweed 400kg, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 270kg, herba aristolochiae 70kg, perilla leaf 70kg co-grindings, dried at 120 DEG C 2h is roasted, obtains material 1；
2) material 1 being mixed into obtain base-material with 300kg beer fermentation liquids, base-material water content is 45%, builds heap, and 54 DEG C ferment 3 days, Turning once, 44 DEG C, is fermented 4 days, and both having obtained soil improves fertilizer.
Described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 17min in 17 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 20min in 52 DEG C of water after filtering, and constantly Stirring, is soaked in prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 1.5h after filtering out seed, pulls seed out and cleaned with clear water, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 2.4h in the case where wavelength is 605nm LED orange-colored lights, then by the seed of the orange light irradiations of LED The cold treatment 5.6h under the conditions of 4 DEG C, obtains cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 22 DEG C 3 days, during which sprayed every 6h and shine one time of nutrition liquid.
Described nutrient solution is the mass mixing powder such as monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, potassium borohydride, abscisic acid, to add Enter the water dissolving of 25 times of mixed-powder quality.
Described growth fertilizer, is by gibberellin 2kg, basic element of cell division 3kg, diethylamino ethanol caproate 1.8kg, soil Improve fertile 140kg mixing.
Embodiment 5
A kind of hickory nut implantation methods, comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, is sprayed the 1-2 months before sowing Quick lime and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, wherein quick lime dosage are per 100m2Using 30kg, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid dosage is 100m2Spray 50L is spilt, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 35 days, then soil is ploughed deeply, depth 60cm, per 100m280kg soil is sprayed to change Kind special fertilizer, ridge processing is carried out to soil, the specification on ridge is per 100m250 ridges, ridge spacing is 1.2m, then is entered from the top on ridge Capable processing of digging pit, the length, width and height in hole are respectively 60 × 50 × 30, and the spacing in hole is 2m；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the Walnut Seed of germination is transplanted in container, Containers size is 15 × 25cm, cultivates 30 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole of step 1), cheats the thick soil of interior covering 3cm Earth, then improve special fertilizer with soil and fill up hole, soil, which improves, covers the thick soil of 1cm on special fertilizer；
3) grafting：2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding are stock, and in the season of growth, collection is grown healthy and strong Lignifying or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 3cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 4h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：15 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing2Spray 20L nutrient solutions and 50L Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, release bondage thing within 45 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 30 days, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m2Using 20kg, after fertilising immediately Watering, a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m were sprayed every 2 months2Dosage is 40L；
Plant strain growth is slow after November, every 1 month every plant impose 40kg fowl and animal excrements；
Every plant of firstfruits tree imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 1kg of potash fertilizer；
December dressing fertilizer once, every plant of 5kg growth fertilizer and 2kg composite fertilizers.
Described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including following preparation process：
1) by Pilea notata 100kg, beautiful galangal seed 70kg, daffodil 150kg, saururus chinensis 110kg, gleditsia sinensis 100kg, mistletoe 50kg co-grindings, powder and the mixing of 4kg zymotic fluids, at 40%, 35 DEG C, ferment control powder moisture 14h, obtains fermentation material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 3h in salt solution, 2h is extracted under 30KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, trans Ah is added in filtrate Wei's acid, both, wherein salt water consumption is its 5 times of fermentation material quality, concentration 20%；
Described zymotic fluid is Bifidobacterium liquid, living bacteria count >=20,000,000,000/ml.
Described soil improves fertilizer, including following preparation process：
1) by vine of multiflower knotweed 500kg, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 300kg, herba aristolochiae 100kg, perilla leaf 100kg co-grindings, at 140 DEG C 3h is bakeed, obtains material 1；
2) material 1 being mixed into obtain base-material with 500kg beer fermentation liquids, base-material water content is 50%, builds heap, and 60 DEG C ferment 3 days, Turning once, 50 DEG C, is fermented 4 days, and both having obtained soil improves fertilizer.
Described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 20min in 20 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 20min in 55 DEG C of water after filtering, and constantly Stirring, filters out seed and is soaked in prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 2h, pull seed clear water out and clean, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 3h in the case where wavelength is 610nm LED orange-colored lights, and then the seed of the orange light irradiations of LED exists Cold treatment 6h under the conditions of 5 DEG C, obtains cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 25 DEG C 3-4 days, during which spray one time of nutrition liquid every 5-6h.
Described nutrient solution is the mass mixing powder such as monohydrate zinc sulphate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, potassium borohydride, abscisic acid, to add Enter the water dissolving of 30 times of mixed-powder quality.
Described growth fertilizer, is to change gibberellin 3kg, basic element of cell division 4kg, diethylamino ethanol caproate 2kg, soil Kind fertile 150kg mixing.
Experimental example
1st, hickory nut yield research
Select 6000m2Convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid is irrigated as planting site, wherein 5000m2By embodiment 1-5 method plantation, each embodiment plant 1000m2, last 1000m2Traditionally plant as a control group, respectively to 6 The yield of mu ground hickory nut is counted, as a result as shown in table 1.It is former simply to be improved fertilizer by embodiment 2 for soil as can be seen from Table 1 Material and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid raw material are simply handled, and are not fermented, so that yield and control group are suitable.Thus say Hickory nut bright, that the present invention plants, alternately seed is carried out disinfection by using the different water-cooled of temperature, and be used cooperatively this hair Bright prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, in vernalization using the processing seed of LED light, greatly improve the activity of seed so that germination Rate improves 5.1-9%；By the management of science, hickory nut output increased 1.2-10.3 strains/kg.
The hickory nut output statistics table of table 1
Experimental group Percentage of seedgermination Yield (strain/kg)
Embodiment 1 96.5% 24.8
Embodiment 2 93.2% 17.8
Embodiment 3 96.1% 21.6
Embodiment 4 94.7% 26.9
Embodiment 5 92.6% 22.7
Control group 87.5% 16.6
2nd, hickory nut nutritional ingredient detects
Beneficiating ingredient in the hickory nut of 1-5 of the embodiment of the present invention and conventional method plantation is detected, as amino acid, meals are fine Dimension, fat, carbohydrate, protein, as a result as shown in table 2.
Protein, fat, carbohydrate are the general nutrient components of nut fruits, as can be seen from Table 2 embodiment 2 It is simply simply to handle prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid raw material, is not fermented, so that the beneficiating ingredient of hickory nut contains Amount is suitable with control group.Thus prove, the hickory nut that the present invention plants, by being improved to soil, and apply and help hickory nut The special fertilizer of growth, used prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid are also mountain in addition to the effect of insecticidal and antibacterial by fermentation process The growth of walnut provides necessary nutrient, so that hickory nut its albumen quality content increase that the present invention plants 0.2-2.8g/100g, carbohydrate add 1.1-5.2g/100g, fat content increases 0.6-4.6g/100g.Amino The content of acid is to evaluate one of the most frequently used index of nut fruits food value, and dietary fiber is referred to as " the 7th nutrition ", tool Having reduces the physiological functions such as blood cholesterol level, prevention diabetes, hickory nut its amino acid content increase that the present invention plants 0.8-3.3g/100g, dietary fiber content increase 0.9-4.5g/100g, greatly improve the nutritive value of hickory nut.
The hickory nut beneficiating ingredient testing result (g/100g) of table 2
Experimental group Amino acid Dietary fiber Fat Carbohydrate Protein
Embodiment 1 28.1 21.5 65.3 22.3 9.2
Embodiment 2 26.1 20.5 63.2 19.4 7.0
Embodiment 3 28.3 23.7 66.5 23.1 9.5
Embodiment 4 26.5 22.5 64.8 23.5 8.7
Embodiment 5 28.6 21.6 65.1 22.8 8.9
Control group 25.3 19.4 62.6 18.3 6.8

Claims (9)

1. a kind of hickory nut implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) site preparation：Selection irrigates convenient, the fertile sandy loam rich in humic acid as planting site, sprays raw stone before sowing the 1-2 months Ash and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, immediately with covering with ground sheeting 25-35 days, are then ploughed deeply, depth 50-60cm to soil, are planted Ground is applied after soil improves special fertilizer and carries out ridge processing, and is digged pit on ridge；
2) vernalization breeding：Vernalization is carried out to hickory nut seed with nutrient solution, the hickory nut seed of germination is transplanted in container, is planted Training 20-30 days, then moves on to hickory nut seedling in the hole of step 1), soil thick covering 2-3cm in hole, and is improved specially with soil Hole is filled up with fertilizer, soil, which improves, covers the thick soil of 0.5-1cm on special fertilizer；
3) grafting：Using 2 years raw seedlings of Carya hunanesis Cheng breeding as stock, in the season of growth, the wood for stalwartness of growing is gathered Matter or the hickory nut branch raw then of semi-lignified step 2) culture remove compound leaf, stay 2-3cm to come into leaves as scion branch Handle, nutrient solution 3-4h is invaded, then scion is grafted onto on stock；
4) grafting manages：10-15 days after grafting, water 1 time, 100m after stock rudiment of erasing2Spray 10-20L nutrient solutions and 40-50L prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, release bondage thing within 40-45 days；
5) field management：
In treelet period, tillage and weeding was carried out every 1 month, and impose growth fertilizer, per 100m2Using 10-20kg, after fertilising immediately Watering, sprays a prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, 100m each two moon2Dosage is 30-40L；
After November, monthly every plant imposes 30-40kg fowl and animal excrements；
In firstfruits tree period, every plant imposes composite fertilizer 0.5kg, into after the best fruiting period, every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application and each 0.5-1kg of potash fertilizer；
In December, every plant is applied 3-5kg growths fertilizer and 1-2kg composite fertilizers.
2. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including it is following Mass parts raw material：Pilea notata 50-100 parts, beautiful galangal seed 30-70 parts, daffodil 100-150 parts, saururus chinensis 60-110 parts, gleditsia sinensis 60-100 parts, mistletoe 20-50 parts, trans-ferulaic acid 2-3 parts, zymotic fluid 1-4 parts.
3. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid, including it is following Preparation process：
1) raw material being crushed, powder and zymotic fluid mixing, control powder moisture is in 30-40%, 28-35 DEG C, and ferment 12-14h, Obtain fermentation material 1；
2) fermentation material 1 is immersed in 2-3h in salt solution, 1-2h is extracted under 25-30KHz supersonic frequencies, filtered, added in filtrate anti- Formula forulic acid, both.
4. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described zymotic fluid is Bifidobacterium liquid, is had Imitate viable count >=20,000,000,000/ml.
5. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil described in step 1) improves special fertilizer, Including following mass parts, vine of multiflower knotweed 300-500 parts, beer fermentation liquid 200-500 parts, Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction 200-300 parts, herba aristolochiae 50-100 parts, perilla leaf 50-100 parts.
6. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described soil improves fertilizer, including following system Standby step：
1) vine of multiflower knotweed, the Chinese ephedra dregs of a decoction, herba aristolochiae, perilla leaf are crushed, bakees 2-3h at 110-140 DEG C, obtain material 1；
2) material 1 being mixed into obtain base-material with beer fermentation liquid, base-material water content is 40-50%, builds heap, and 50-60 DEG C ferments 2-3 days, Turning once, 40-50 DEG C, is fermented 4-5 days, both.
7. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described vernalization comprises the following steps：
1) hickory nut seed is immersed in 15-20min in 15-20 DEG C of water, and seed is immersed in 20min in 50-55 DEG C of water after filtering, drags for Go out seed and be soaked in after prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid 1-2h and clean seed with clear water, obtain disinfection seed；
2) disinfection seed irradiates 2-3h in the case where wavelength is 600-610nm LED orange-colored lights, by the seed of light irradiation in 4-5 DEG C of condition Lower cold treatment 5-6h, obtains cold treatment seed；
3) cultivated under the conditions of cold treatment seed being placed in into 20-25 DEG C 3-4 days, during which spray one time of nutrition liquid every 5-6h.
8. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described nutrient solution is monohydrate zinc sulphate, five The mass mixing powder such as brochanite, potassium borohydride and abscisic acid, add the water dissolving of 20-30 times of mixed-powder quality.
9. hickory nut implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described growth fertilizer, including following mass parts Raw material：Gibberellin 1-3 parts, basic element of cell division 2-4 parts, diethylamino ethanol caproate 1-2 parts, soil improve fertile 100-150 parts.
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CN110558193A (en) * 2019-10-16 2019-12-13 耿翔 high-yield low-harm cotton planting method

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Application publication date: 20180202