CN107584833B - 夹层玻璃及车窗 - Google Patents
夹层玻璃及车窗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107584833B CN107584833B CN201710532734.8A CN201710532734A CN107584833B CN 107584833 B CN107584833 B CN 107584833B CN 201710532734 A CN201710532734 A CN 201710532734A CN 107584833 B CN107584833 B CN 107584833B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass plate
- glass
- laminated
- outer peripheral
- peripheral region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 286
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005345 chemically strengthened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003426 chemical strengthening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006058 strengthened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
本发明提供减少了褶皱的轻量夹层玻璃及车窗。本发明的夹层玻璃是由第1玻璃板与板厚小于所述第1玻璃板的第2玻璃板隔着中间膜层叠而得的夹层玻璃,其中,第2玻璃板的外形尺寸小于第1玻璃板的外形尺寸,第2玻璃板的外周端的至少一部分比第1玻璃板的外周端更靠近内周侧。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层玻璃及车窗。
背景技术
两片玻璃板隔着中间膜层叠而得的夹层玻璃具备耐贯穿性能和飞散防止性能,用于建筑用窗和车辆用窗。特别是弯曲的夹层玻璃,作为抑制车辆的空气动力阻力、具备美观性的窗,用于车辆,特别是用于挡风玻璃。
另一方面,针对近年来车辆燃油费用的增加,提出了混合动力车辆和燃料电池车辆等,以此为背景,对车辆的轻量化提出了要求。为了使窗变得轻量来实现车辆的轻量化,也提出了降低用于夹层玻璃的玻璃板的板厚的方案。具体而言,可例举将构成夹层玻璃的一方的玻璃板的板厚减少至1mm以下。进一步,也提出了通过使用化学强化玻璃作为板厚小的玻璃板来确保规定的强度。
但是,车窗中所用的夹层玻璃通常为弯曲状。通常,弯曲的夹层玻璃可如下进行制造。以重叠状态将两块未弯曲的玻璃板载置于环状模具,搬运至加热炉内,藉此准备了彼此的曲率半径匹配的两块弯曲玻璃板。两块玻璃板隔着中间膜层叠,得到了弯曲的夹层玻璃。这种情况下,两块玻璃板未经急冷而成形,因此不是强化玻璃。对此,如果要将化学强化玻璃用作上述的板厚小的玻璃板,则发生以下不良情况。即,如果未弯曲的化学强化玻璃板与一块未弯曲的玻璃板以重叠状态载置于环状模具并搬运至加热炉内,则由于加热而使得化学强化玻璃的强化应力被缓和。为了消除这种不良情况,认为可先准备两块弯曲的玻璃板,然后对其中一块玻璃板实施化学强化处理。但是,以相同环状模具进行成形而得的两块玻璃板的组合的管理繁杂,无实用性。
于是,提出可在预先弯曲成形了的一块玻璃板上使未弯曲的板厚较小的玻璃板强制弹性形变来进行顺应,期间通过两块玻璃板之间的中间膜或粘接层进行粘接(专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2007-197288号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
专利文献1中公开的夹层玻璃是所谓的单弯曲的仅向单一方向弯曲的夹层玻璃。使未弯曲的玻璃板强制弹性变形时,单弯曲相对比较容易实施。但是,在所谓的多弯曲的、典型的是在垂直的两方向上弯曲的玻璃板上难以使未弯曲的玻璃板发生弹性形变来进行顺应。即,顺应一个方向的弯曲后,如果要顺应另一方向,则所要弹性变形的玻璃板的周缘部分发生褶皱(日文:シワ)。褶皱是指在玻璃板的局部发生的板厚方向上的变形。从防止褶皱的角度考虑,如果是褶皱不显著程度的缓和的弯曲(大曲率半径),则两玻璃板间的粘接层能够吸收两玻璃板的弯曲水平的差异。但是,大的弯曲(小曲率半径)的情况下,粘接层无法完全吸收两玻璃板的弯曲程度的差异,存在两玻璃板发生剥离、粘接层的厚度出现部分极端的差异的情况。
本发明鉴于这种情况,目的在于提供减少了褶皱的轻量夹层玻璃和车窗。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本发明提供夹层玻璃,其是由第1玻璃板与板厚小于第1玻璃板的第2玻璃板隔着中间膜层叠而得的夹层玻璃,其中,第2玻璃板的外形尺寸小于第1玻璃板的外形尺寸,第2玻璃板的外周端的至少一部分比第1玻璃板的外周端更靠近内周侧。
发明效果
利用本发明,则能够提供减少了褶皱的轻量夹层玻璃和车窗。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的第一实施方式的简要正视图(a)、A-A线简要截面图(b)、B-B线截面图(c)。
图2是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的第二实施方式的简要立体图。
图3是图2的简要正视图(a)、C-C线截面图(b)、D-D线截面图(c)。
图4是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的第三实施方式的简要正视图(a)、E-E线截面图(b)、(a)的变形例的E-E线截面图(c)。
图5是第二实施方式的夹层玻璃的制造方法的说明图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。本说明书中,在无特别说明的情况下,左右是指所参照的附图上的方向。另外在本说明书中,在无特别说明的情况下,上下是指安装于车辆的状态时的方向,垂直、水平也同样是指安装于车辆的状态时的方向。此外,平行不仅指完全平行,也包含大致平行的情况。
为了理解本发明而需要进行的外形尺寸的大小比较,不论是玻璃板弯曲成形前的状态下的比较或弯曲成形后的比较,均能明确进行区分。即,即便是以往的夹层玻璃在弯曲成形前的状态下,作为夹层玻璃的凸面侧的玻璃板的外形尺寸稍大于作为夹层玻璃的凹面侧的玻璃板的外形尺寸。这是因为,在两玻璃板弯曲成形后两玻璃板的曲率匹配的情况下,作为夹层玻璃的凸面侧的玻璃板的凹面的曲率半径与作为夹层玻璃的凹面侧的玻璃板的凸面的曲率半径的差别仅为中间膜的厚度。相反,在弯曲成形后的状态下,投影视角下的作为夹层玻璃的凸面侧的玻璃板的外形尺寸与投影视角下的作为夹层玻璃的凹面侧的玻璃板的外形尺寸几乎一致。对此,本发明的第1玻璃板与第2玻璃板如上述以往的夹层玻璃,不论是玻璃板弯曲成形前的状态下的比较或弯曲成形后的比较,外形尺寸的大小比较不产生差异,能够明确地分辨大小差异。典型的是,在投影视角下,大小差异为[第2玻璃板的面积]/[第1玻璃板的面积]的值在0.45以上0.95以下,特别是在0.5以上0.9以下。另外,本说明书中的投影视角是指,夹层玻璃的凸面朝上并放置于水平面,从垂直上方投影而观察的视角。
另外,理解本发明所需的第1玻璃板的曲率半径较大的部分与较小的部分的含义如下所述。呈现弯曲形状的1块玻璃板中,除玻璃板呈球面形状的情况以外,曲率半径并不均匀。车窗中典型的是,玻璃板的垂直方向的中心线周围的曲率半径在10000以上,水平方向的中心线周围的曲率半径在5000以上。具有这种曲率半径的部分是正视视角下的第1玻璃板的中央区域,可称作第1玻璃板的曲率半径较大的部分。另一方面,越靠近车窗的周缘,第1玻璃板的曲率半径越小。例如,作为与垂直方向正交的截面的图1(c)和图3(c)中,第1玻璃板的左右侧边附近的曲率半径R2小于中心附近的曲率半径r2。例如,作为与水平方向正交的截面的图1(b)和图3(b)中,第1玻璃板的上下边附近的曲率半径R1小于中心附近的曲率半径r1。另外,本说明书中的曲率半径的单位均为mm。
(第一实施方式)
图1是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的第一实施方式的简要正视图(a)、A-A线简要截面图(b)、B-B线简要截面图(c)。
夹层玻璃10由第1玻璃板11与第2玻璃板12隔着中间膜14层叠而成。第2玻璃板12的板厚小于第1玻璃板11的板厚。第2玻璃板12的外形尺寸小于第1玻璃板11的外形尺寸。第2玻璃板12的外周端在全周中比第1玻璃板11的外周端更靠近内周侧。
第1玻璃板11与第2玻璃板12呈弯曲形状。第1玻璃板11具有中央区域111和具备曲率半径小于中央区域111的弯曲形状的外周区域112。作为与水平方向正交的简要截面图的图1(b)中,中央区域111的曲率半径R1大于外周区域112的曲率半径r1。另外,作为与垂直方向正交的简要截面的图1(c)中,中央区域111的曲率半径R2大于外周区域112的曲率半径r2。
第2玻璃板12隔着中间膜14将第2玻璃板12的凸面层叠于第1玻璃板11的凹面,从而层叠于第1玻璃板11的中央区域111。藉此,能够减少使第2玻璃板12强制弹性变形而顺应第1玻璃板11时容易产生的周缘部分的褶皱。
外周区域112的第1玻璃板11的凹面上隔着中间膜层叠了第3玻璃板13a、13b、13c、13d,使得所述第3玻璃板与第2玻璃板12相邻。第2玻璃板12的端面与第3玻璃板13a、13b、13c、13d的各端面之间也可存在丁基橡胶和有机硅树脂等密封材料。藉此,可提高第2玻璃板12的端面与第3玻璃板13a、13b、13c、13d的各端面之间的水密性。
这样构成的夹层玻璃10可配置于车体,使得第1玻璃板11的外形形状在正视视角下呈大致梯形形状、大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,藉此可用于车窗。
(第二实施方式)
图2是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的第二实施方式的简要立体图,图3是图2的夹层玻璃的简要正视图(a)、C-C线简要截面图(b)、D-D线简要截面图(c)。
夹层玻璃20由第1玻璃板21与第2玻璃板22隔着中间膜24层叠而成。第2玻璃板22的板厚小于第1玻璃板21的板厚。第2玻璃板22的外形尺寸小于第1玻璃板21的外形尺寸。第2玻璃板22的外周端在全周的一部分中比第1玻璃板21的外周端更靠近内周侧,剩余的一部分与第1玻璃板21的外周端几乎一致。第1玻璃板21的外形形状在正视视角下呈大致梯形形状。
第1玻璃板21与第2玻璃板22呈弯曲形状。第1玻璃板21具有中央区域211和具备曲率半径小于中央区域211的弯曲形状的外周区域212。作为与水平方向正交的简要截面图的图3(b)中,中央区域211的曲率半径R1大于外周区域212a、212d的曲率半径r1。另外,作为与垂直方向正交的简要截面的图3(c)中,中央区域212的曲率半径R2大于外周区域212b、212c的曲率半径r2。
第2玻璃板22隔着中间膜24将第2玻璃板22的凸面层叠于第1玻璃板21的凹面,藉此层叠于第1玻璃板21的中央区域211。
第2玻璃板22的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,同时该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,较长的边为下边。另外,第2玻璃板22的上边设置有切口部221,该切口部221形成第1玻璃板的外周区域212a。藉此,能够减少使第2玻璃板强制弹性变形而顺应第1玻璃板时容易产生的上边部分的褶皱。进一步,通过在第1玻璃板21的两侧部设置外周区域212b、212c,同样能够减少使第2玻璃板强制弹性变形而顺应第1玻璃板时容易产生的两侧部分的褶皱。
另外,本例中,第2玻璃板22的下边也设置有切口部222,该切口部222形成第1玻璃板的外周区域212d。这种第2玻璃板22的上下边的切口部的设置,在第1玻璃板21的垂直方向的周围的曲率半径r1(上下边的曲率半径)更小的情况下、特别是下边中央部的垂直方向的周围的曲率半径小的情况下是合适的。
照此,在第1玻璃板的曲率半径小的中央区域中层叠第2玻璃板、且第2玻璃板的外周端的一部分与第1玻璃板的外周端几乎一致,即,第2玻璃板的上边和下边分别大致沿着第1玻璃板的上边和下边进行配置,可获得以下效果。即,在夹层玻璃用于车窗、特别是挡风玻璃和后窗(日文:バックライト)的情况下,夹层玻璃通过粘接剂与车体接合。粘接剂设置于夹层玻璃的凹面周缘部。此时,本实施方式的夹层玻璃的凹面周缘部中同时存在第1玻璃板和第2玻璃板。车体在行进时、特别是以曲线方式等行进时相互挤压,因此夹层玻璃也会变形。考虑到这种变形频繁地发生,如果第1玻璃板与第2玻璃板分别变形,则第1玻璃板与第2玻璃板容易发生接合劣化。为了防止这种随时间产生的接合劣化,优选通过粘接剂将第2玻璃板的周缘部与第1玻璃板的外周区域的周缘部接合于车体,使得第1玻璃板与第2玻璃板能够一体变形。另外,该凹面周缘部的设置有粘接剂的部分中设置了暗色层,因此能够从车外进行遮蔽来防止粘接剂的劣化等,因此优选。这种情况下,既能在第2玻璃板的周缘部与第1玻璃板的外周区域的周缘部设置暗色层,也能在第1玻璃板的凹面周缘全周设置暗色层。为了用陶瓷糊料的烧结体形成暗色层,优选在第1玻璃板的凹面周缘全周设置暗色层。另外,也可对第1玻璃板的外周区域实施全部或部分物理强化,从而形成部分强化玻璃。
(第三实施方式)
图4是表示第二实施方式的夹层玻璃用于车辆的挡风玻璃的示例的简要正视图(a)、E-E线简要截面图(b),以及第二实施方式的夹层玻璃用于车辆的挡风玻璃的另一示例的E-E线简要截面图(c)。图4中与第二实施方式的夹层玻璃相同的结构使用与图2和图3相同的符号。
第1玻璃板21的上边中央部设置有上边外周区域212a。上边外周区域212a是曲率半径小于中央区域211的外周区域212的至少一部分。上边外周区域212a层叠有作为显示车辆后方的情况的显示构件的背部显示器40。背部显示器40用于显示配置于车辆后部的摄像机所获取的信息。背部显示器40可以是液晶显示装置,也可以是有机EL显示装置。另外,这些显示装置也可以是透明显示装置。这些背部显示器40可以装置整体大致覆盖上边外周区域212a的整个面的方式配置,也可配置于上边外周区域212a的一部分,还可以超过上边外周区域212a而覆盖第2玻璃板22的一部分的方式进行配置。
另外,第1玻璃板21的左右侧边部的至少一部分设置有侧边外周区域212b、212c。侧边外周区域212b、212c是外周区域212的至少一部分。作为第三实施方式的变形例,侧边外周区域212b、212c中可层叠各种显示装置(现实构件),使得能够显示车辆周边的信息、特别是代替侧视镜来显示车辆两边的信息。进一步,第1玻璃板21的下边中央部中设置的外周区域212d(以下记为下边外周区域212d)上也可层叠作为用于显示车辆的行进信息等的显示构件的平视显示器(日文:ヘッドアップディスプレイ)。这些情况下,(1)上边外周区域212a中设置背部显示器的示例、(2)侧边外周区域212b、212c中设置各种显示装置的示例、(3)下边外周区域212d中设置平视显示器的示例中的任一种、数种的组合或全部的组合是可行的。
另外,作为显示构件,可设置后视镜(日文:ルームミラー)41来替代背部显示器40(图4(c))。此时,可以是与以往的通过镜底座设置于夹层玻璃的凹面的后视镜相同的结构。特别地,后视镜可与板厚较厚的第1玻璃板接合,因此能够保持高的接合强度。
进一步作为这些的变形例,图1所示的第一实施方式的夹层玻璃的第3玻璃板13a可与背部显示器40接合。即,第1玻璃板11的上边外周区域中,可隔着第3玻璃板13a来层叠背部显示器40。
另外,第3玻璃板13b、13c可与各种显示装置接合。即,第1玻璃板11的侧边外周区域中,可隔着第3玻璃板13b、13c来层叠各种显示装置。进一步,第1玻璃11的下边外周区域中,第3玻璃板13d可与平视显示器接合。即,第1玻璃板11的下边外周区域中,可隔着第3玻璃板13d来层叠平视显示器。
优选第1玻璃板的板厚在1.5mm以上4.0mm以下,第2玻璃板的板厚在0.2mm以上且低于1.0mm。
第1玻璃板的板厚更优选在1.8mm以上3.5mm以下,进一步优选在2.0mm以上3.0mm以下。
另外,第2玻璃板的板厚更优选在0.2mm以上0.9mm以下,进一步优选在0.3mm以上0.8mm以下。
另外,第1玻璃板11的板厚与第2玻璃板12的板厚之比优选在0.1以上0.5以下,更优选在0.15以上0.4以下。
通过照此将第1玻璃板201的板厚设置为大于第2玻璃板的板厚,由第1玻璃板确保车窗的必要的刚性,同时通过减少第2玻璃板的板厚,能够使车窗轻量化。第1玻璃板优选通过板厚或组成等而具有高于第2玻璃板的刚性。
第2玻璃板优选为化学强化玻璃板。即,第2玻璃板可从能够进行离子交换的例如钠钙玻璃和铝硅酸盐玻璃等中进行适当选择来构成。
作为用于这种玻璃板的玻璃组成的一例,可例举以氧化物基准的摩尔%表示的组成为含有50~80%的SiO2、0~10%的B2O3、0.1~25%的Al2O3、3~30%的Li2O+Na2O+K2O、0~25%的MgO、0~25%的CaO、0~5%的SrO、0~5%的BaO、0~5%的ZrO2以及0~5%的SnO2的玻璃,但是不限于此。更具体而言,可例举以下的玻璃的组成。另外,例如“含有0~25%的MgO”是指,MgO不是必须、但含量也可到25%为止的含义。
(i)以摩尔%表示的组成,含有63~73%的SiO2、0.1~5.2%的Al2O3、10~16%的Na2O、0~1.5%的K2O、5~13%的MgO以及4~10%的CaO的玻璃。
(i)以摩尔%表示的组成,含有50~74%的SiO2、1~10%的Al2O3、6~14%的Na2O、3~11%的K2O、2~15%的MgO、0~6%的CaO以及0~5%的ZrO2,SiO2及Al2O3的含量的总和在75%以下,Na2O及K2O的含量的总和为12~25%,MgO及CaO的含量的总和为7~15%的玻璃。
(iii)以摩尔%表示的组成,含有68~80%的SiO2、4~10%的Al2O3、5~15%的Na2O、0~1%的K2O、4~15%的MgO以及0~1%的ZrO2的玻璃。
(iv)以摩尔%表示的组成,含有67~75%的SiO2、0~4%的Al2O3、7~15%的Na2O、1~9%的K2O、6~14%的MgO以及0~1.5%的ZrO2,SiO2及Al2O3的含量的总和为71~75%,Na2O及K2O的含量的总和为12~20%,含有CaO的情况下其含量低于1%的玻璃。
(v)以摩尔%表示的组成,含有60~70%的SiO2、0~10%的B2O3、8~15%的Al2O3、10~17%的Na2O、0~3%的K2O、0~10%的MgO、0~1%的CaO以及0~1%的ZrO2,SiO2及Al2O3的含量的总和为76%~81%,Na2O及K2O的含量的总和为13~16%的玻璃。
另外,第2玻璃板优选是透明的。藉此,第2玻璃板不吸收近红外线的低波长区域,从而能够充分加热后述的夹层玻璃的制造例中的中间膜。此处,“透明”是指,可见光透射量在80%以上。另外,通过使第2玻璃板为透明玻璃板,可获得第2玻璃板看似包覆了第1玻璃板的独特的质感,可得到设计上优良的夹层玻璃。
用于第1玻璃板的玻璃无特别限制,如果是以重量%表示的组成含有65~75%的SiO2、0.1~5%的Al2O3、5~10%的CaO、2~5%的MgO、10~15%的Na2O、0~3%的K2O、0.2~3%的Fe2O3的玻璃,则能够吸收近红外线的低波长区域,因此特别优选。
另外,第1玻璃板、第2玻璃板均可在各自的凸面和/或凹面上设置能够发挥各种功能的功能薄膜。作为功能薄膜的示例,可例举红外线反射膜、斥水膜、防雾膜等。
中间膜的材料是以往的车辆用夹层玻璃中通常采用的材料即可,例如可使用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)等。另外,也可使用加热前为液态的热固化性树脂。即,在夹层玻璃的状态时中间膜为膜状即可,与玻璃板接合前的状态下中间膜也可为液态等。
另外,中间膜的厚度例如在0.5mm以上4mm以下,特别优选在2mm以下。中间膜的外形尺寸可示例与第2玻璃板几乎相同形状的外形尺寸。藉此,根据未层叠第2玻璃板的第1玻璃板的外周区域上所接合的构件,也可在第1玻璃板的外周区域设置中间膜以外的粘接层。在第1玻璃板上层叠第3玻璃板并且与第2玻璃板相邻的情况下,中间膜的外形尺寸也可与第1玻璃板的外形尺寸匹配。
也可使用掺合了红外线遮蔽剂的中间膜。作为红外线遮蔽剂的材料,可例举例如Sn、Sb、Ti、Si、Zn、Zr、Fe、Al、Cr、Co、Ce、Cs、In、Ni、Ag、Cu、Pt、Mn、Ta、W、V和Mo的金属、氧化物、氮化物、硫化物,或在这些材料中掺杂了Sb或F的由掺杂物形成的微粒等。可单独使用这些微粒,或者作为复合物使用。另外,也可使用将这些单独物或复合物与有机树脂混合而得的混合物、或通过有机树脂将这些单独物或复合物被覆而得的被覆物。另外,作为红外线遮蔽剂,可使用着色剂及染料、有机物(酞菁、萘酞菁)等。
另外,中间膜也可以是用于平视显示器的截面为楔形的膜。另外,也可以是在厚度方向上层叠了多层具有不同粘弹性的中间膜等的多层结构。
上述示例中,示出了将本发明的夹层玻璃用于车辆的前窗玻璃、后窗玻璃的示例,但是本发明的夹层玻璃可用于上下滑动的车辆侧窗、天窗等车辆的任意的窗。在有助于车辆的轻量化且确保刚性、同时具有小曲率半径的挡风玻璃和后窗玻璃中,适合使用本发明的夹层玻璃。特别是从容易设置能够向乘员显示各种信息的显示元件的角度考虑,较好是在挡风玻璃中使用本发明的夹层玻璃。
照此将本发明的夹层玻璃用于车窗的情况下,夹层玻璃呈弯曲形状。此时,第1玻璃板的中央区域的曲率半径大于外周区域的曲率半径。这是因为,外周区域与车体形状匹配而通常大幅弯曲。此时的中央区域的曲率半径如上所示,典型的是,玻璃板的垂直方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R2在10000以上,水平方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R1在5000以上。从能够减少在这种形状的第1玻璃板上层叠第2玻璃板时的褶皱角度考虑,第1玻璃板的垂直方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R2与水平方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R1优选均在10000以上。另外,即使一方的曲率半径小、另一方的曲率半径更大,也能够减少褶皱。这种情况下,优选垂直方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R2在15000以上,水平方向的中心线周围的曲率半径R1在5000以上。另外,这些曲率半径的上限无特别限制,但是如果考虑车辆的形状,则通常在20000以下。
第1玻璃板的外周区域的曲率半径小于中央区域的曲率半径。因此,外周区域的实际面积与投影视角下的面积的差异比中央区域的实际面积与投影视角下的面积的差异更大。因此,本发明的夹层玻璃用于车窗的情况下,如果以实际面积计的[外周区域的面积]/[中央区域的面积]的值在0.1以上0.5以下、以投影视角下的面积计的[外周区域的面积]/[中央区域的面积]的值在0.05以上0.3以下,则可作为形成为进一步抑制了空气阻力的曲面的形状的车体中适合安装的车窗。这种夹层玻璃出于简便考虑,可称作大幅弯曲的夹层玻璃。这种夹层玻璃中存在产生褶皱的技术问题,因此,第1玻璃板以实际面积计的[外周区域的面积]/[中央区域的面积]的值在0.1以上0.5以下、以投影视角下的面积计的[外周区域的面积]/[中央区域的面积]的值在0.05以上0.3以下的情况下是有利的。另一方面,相比外周区域未大幅弯曲而得中央区域中层叠有第2玻璃板,因此[第2玻璃板的面积]/[第1玻璃板的面积]的值在0.45以上0.95以下的情况、特别是0.5以上0.9以下的情况是有利的。
(夹层玻璃的制造例)
夹层玻璃的制造方法中存在各种方法,使用图5对第二实施方式的夹层玻璃的制造方法的一例进行说明。
第1吸附垫801支撑形成为弯曲形状的第1玻璃板21,第2吸附垫802与未图示的升降驱动部连接,按压以使第2玻璃板22的面隔着中间膜24与第1玻璃板21的面接触。
熔接头804与在周围具备按压单元803的未图示的升降驱动部连接。熔接头804与第2吸附垫同样,按压以使第2玻璃板22的面隔着中间膜24与第1玻璃板21的面接触,同时以近红外线中的低频区域进行照射,藉此加热中间膜24,将第1玻璃板21、第2玻璃板22和中间膜24接合。第1玻璃板21、第2玻璃板22和中间膜24稳定接合,因此形成夹层玻璃20时不易产生褶皱。
作为以近红外线中的低频区域进行照射的光源,可示例卤素加热器、卤素灯、红外线干燥用灯、产生近红外线区域的光的发光二极管、半导体激光、Nd-YAG激光、色素激光、掺Ti蓝宝石激光等。近红外线中的低频区域是指,例如700nm以上1500以下的波长范围。另外,作为光源,包含近红外线中低频区域的光即可,也可含有除此以外的波长的光。
首先,在未图示的环状成形模具上载置第1玻璃板21,搬运至未图示的加热炉内,藉此对第1玻璃板21进行弯曲成形。之后将第1玻璃板21载置于第1吸附垫801上,在其上固定并载置切割为适当形状的中间膜24。
另一方面,将未弯曲成形的(或轻微预弯曲成形后的)第2玻璃板22固定在规定的位置,用吸附垫802a吸附保持第2玻璃板22的中央部分、用吸附垫802b、802c吸附保持两侧区域,同时朝向第1玻璃板21推挤吸附垫802a。然后,同样推挤吸附垫802b、802c。
照此,用第1吸附垫801和第2吸附垫802按压第1玻璃板21、中间膜24和第2玻璃板22的面,使中央部分到周缘部分依次粘接。然后,用按压单元803从熔接头804进一步按压近红外线照射部位周围的第1玻璃板21、中间膜24和第2玻璃板22,同时从熔接头804照射近红外线来进行熔接。第1玻璃板21、第2玻璃板22和中间膜24稳定接合,因此形成夹层玻璃20时不易产生褶皱。
之后,用未图示的冷却装置对熔接后的部位进行急冷,得到了几处位置被熔接的暂时粘接的夹层玻璃。
此处,熔接时中间膜24的温度优选在90℃以上150℃以下,近红外线的照射时间在10秒以下,优选在7秒以下,更优选在5秒以下。另外,冷却时间在20秒以下,优选在15秒以下,进一步优选在10秒以下。第1玻璃板21、第2玻璃板22和中间膜24稳定接合,因此形成夹层玻璃20时不易产生褶皱。
另外,通过控制急冷的速度、急冷的速度的变化率、急冷前温度等条件,能够在暂时接合位置及其周围使玻璃板与中间膜更为稳定地粘接,从而不易产生褶皱。
然后,将以上所得的暂时粘接的夹层玻璃放入袋体中,通过真空泵将袋体内部的气体排出来降低压力,使袋体与暂时接合的车辆用夹层玻璃密合。通过排出气体,在该状态下消除袋体内部的大气压,从而第1玻璃板21、中间膜24和第2玻璃板22在施加了压力的状态下密合。在该状态下用加热装置进行加热,将暂时粘接的玻璃板预压接。
另外,作为除预压接以外的方法,也可在加热的同时通过一对加压辊来进行预压接。一对加压辊的辊的间隔小于暂时接合的车辆夹层玻璃板。因此,暂时接合的车辆夹层玻璃板通过加压辊时,第1玻璃板21和第2玻璃板22被压接。从而暂时接合的夹层玻璃板内部存在的空气被挤出,得到了预压接的玻璃。
之后,通过高压釜对预压接的夹层玻璃进行正式压接,得到夹层玻璃20。
产业上利用的可能性
利用本发明,则能够提供使用了板厚不同的两块以上的玻璃板、且板厚小的玻璃板的外形尺寸小于板厚大的玻璃板的外形尺寸而减少了褶皱的弯曲的夹层玻璃。特别地,本发明的夹层玻璃适合用于有助于车辆的轻量化且确保刚性、同时具有小曲率半径的挡风玻璃和后窗玻璃中。
符号说明
10、20 夹层玻璃
11、21 第1玻璃板
12、22 第2玻璃板
13 第3玻璃板
14、24 中间膜
40 背部显示器
41 后视镜
111、211 中央区域
112、212 外周区域
212a 上边外周区域
212b、212c 侧边外周区域
212d 下边外周区域
801 第1吸附垫
802a、802b、802c 第2吸附垫
803 压接单元
804 熔接头
Claims (14)
1.夹层玻璃,其特征在于,其是由第1玻璃板与板厚小于所述第1玻璃板的第2玻璃板隔着中间膜层叠而得的夹层玻璃,其中,
所述第2玻璃板的外形尺寸小于所述第1玻璃板的外形尺寸,所述第2玻璃板的外周端的至少一部分位于比所述第1玻璃板的外周端更靠近内周侧的位置,
所述第1和第2玻璃板呈弯曲形状,所述第2玻璃板的凸面隔着所述中间膜层叠于所述第1玻璃板的凹面,
所述第1玻璃板具有中央区域和具备曲率半径小于该中央区域的弯曲形状的外周区域,所述第2玻璃板层叠于所述中央区域,
以实际面积计,[所述外周区域的面积]/[所述中央区域的面积]的值在0.1以上0.5以下,
在投影视角下,[所述外周区域的面积]/[所述中央区域的面积]的值在0.05以上0.3以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2玻璃板的外周端的一部分位于比所述第1玻璃板的外周端更靠近内周侧的位置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第1玻璃板的板厚在1.5mm以上4.0mm以下,所述第2玻璃板的板厚在0.2mm以上1.0mm以下。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2玻璃板的板厚与所述第1玻璃板的板厚之比在0.1以上0.5以下。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2玻璃板为化学强化玻璃板。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,以实际面积计,[所述第2玻璃板的面积]/[所述第1玻璃板的面积]的值在0.45以上0.95以下。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,第3玻璃板隔着中间膜以与所述第2玻璃板相邻的方式与所述第2玻璃板一起层叠于所述外周区域中的所述第1玻璃板的凹面。
8.如权利要求7所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2玻璃板与所述第3玻璃板之间设置有密封材料。
9.车窗,它是使用了权利要求1~8中任一项所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第1玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,该大致梯形形状的相互平行的边中较短的边为上边。
10.车窗,它是使用了权利要求1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第1玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,所述上边的中央部分是作为所述外周区域的至少一部分的上边外周区域,该上边外周区域中层叠有第1显示构件。
11.车窗,它是使用了权利要求1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第1玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,所述大致梯形形状的侧边的至少一部分是作为所述外周区域的至少一部分的侧边外周区域,该侧边外周区域中层叠有第2显示构件。
12.车窗,它是使用了权利要求7或8所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第1玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,所述上边的中央部分是作为所述外周区域的至少一部分的上边外周区域,第1显示构件隔着所述第3玻璃板层叠于该上边外周区域。
13.车窗,它是使用了权利要求7或8所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第1玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,所述大致梯形形状的侧边的至少一部分是作为所述外周区域的至少一部分的侧边外周区域,第2显示构件隔着所述第3玻璃板层叠于该侧边外周区域。
14.如权利要求10或11所述的车窗,其特征在于,它是使用了权利要求1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃的车窗,所述第2玻璃板的外形形状呈大致梯形形状,同时该大致梯形形状的相互平行的两边中较短的边为上边,较长的边为下边,所述第2玻璃板的上边和下边分别大致沿着所述第1玻璃板的上边和下边进行配置,同时所述第2玻璃板的上边的中央部分和/或所述第2玻璃板的下边的中央部分设置有切口部,形成所述第1玻璃板的所述外周区域。
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