CN107578803B - 用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN107578803B
CN107578803B CN201710799180.8A CN201710799180A CN107578803B CN 107578803 B CN107578803 B CN 107578803B CN 201710799180 A CN201710799180 A CN 201710799180A CN 107578803 B CN107578803 B CN 107578803B
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D.艾利斯
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Metrologic Instruments Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10712Fixed beam scanning
    • G06K7/10722Photodetector array or CCD scanning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/60Type of objects
    • G06V20/66Trinkets, e.g. shirt buttons or jewellery items
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00127Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
    • H04N1/00204Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a digital computer or a digital computer system, e.g. an internet server
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
    • G16H10/65ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records stored on portable record carriers, e.g. on smartcards, RFID tags or CD
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2101/00Still video cameras
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0084Digital still camera

Abstract

本申请涉及用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和系统。提供一种用于将药物包装与患者的处方药物相关的系统,该药物包装容纳预期的患者药物,该系统包括:光学成像器,适于读取包括编码患者信息的编码标记符号并且还适于成像药物包装的特性,该光学成像器包括二维图像传感器阵列以及用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜,该二维图像传感器阵列具有以多个像素行和列形成的多个像素,该光学成像器包括数字链路以传输数据段,该数据段包括用编码标记符号编码的患者信息和药物包装特性;与数字链路连接的主机计算机,用于从光学成像器接收数据段;以及经由数字连接和主机计算机耦合的数据库,该数据库将数据段与(a)患者记录、以及(b)药物包装特性库相关。

Description

用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和系统
本申请是国家申请号为201210072414.6的发明专利申请的分案申请,该发明专利申请的国际申请日为2012年1月30日,发明名称为“用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和光学成像器”
相关申请的交叉引用
该申请要求2011年1月31日提交的,名为“用于使药物包装和患者相关的方法和光学成像器”的U.S专利申请No.13/018,078的优先权。上述申请的全部内容通过引用在此并入。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及光学成像器,更特别地,涉及适于识别药物包装的光学成像器。
背景技术
在医院设置中,中央药房接收大量的药物并将它们分配到单独的患者。不同于零售药房,医院药房中的药物通常并不用具有承载患者名字的标签的单独药瓶分配。而是,药物由药房人员仔细地配给并被送到护士站,在护士站中护理人员存储药物直至如患者准备接收药物这样的时候。
典型的,护理人员在将药物分配给单独的患者之前,核实患者身份和患者记录。在一些医院中,患者穿戴有条形码手链。护理人员通过手持条形码读取器读取手链上的条形码。从条形码中编码的信息,能够对患者信息进行访问,包括药物剂量和时间表。护理人员随后为患者服用药物。在其他医院设置中,条形码信息可以被添加在靠近病床的患者记录上(例如,在笔记板(clipboard)上)。
该方法的一个缺点在于,尽管药房人员在药物分配中极度认真地执行,并且精心地保护以确保药房人员分配正确的药物,但是“监护散失”的风险仍然存在于将药物从医院药房传送到单独患者的过程中。例如,在很多情形,药房人员可以将药物分配到送往患者的托盘或者纸杯中。该监护的非受控链充满了损失、混合、疏忽的交换,以及蓄意交换(例如,偷窃)的风险。
发明内容
因此,在本发明的一个方面中,提供一种将具有处方药物的药物包装与患者相关联的系统。该药物包装供应预期的患者药物。该系统包括光学成像器,该成像器适于读取包括编码患者信息的编码标记符号并且还适于成像药物包装的特性。该光学成像器包括二维成像传感器阵列以及用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜。该二维成像传感器阵列具有形成多个像素行和列的多个像素。该光学成像器还包括数字链接以传输数据段。该数据段包括用编码标记符号编码的患者信息和药物包装特性。该系统还包括与数据链接相连接的主机计算机以从光学成像器中接收数据段,以及经由数字链接和主机计算机相耦接的数据库。该数据库将数据段与(a)患者记录、以及(b)药物包装特性库相关联。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供一种用于将药物包装和患者相关联的方法。该方法包括提供光学成像器和期望的药物给患者的步骤。该光学成像器包括二维成像传感器阵列以及用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜。该二维成像传感器阵列具有形成多个像素行和列的多个像素。该药物容纳在药物包装中,药物包装具有由光学成像器可读的特性。还提供包括特性库的数据库。该特性库包括多种候选药物,每种候选药物具有相关的包装特性。该方法还包括步骤如下:采用光学成像器捕捉药物和包装的图像、处理图像以识别药物包装的特性、访问特性库并将药物包装的成像特性和候选药物的存储特性相关联、以及通过光学成像器报告药物包装的成像特性和一种候选药物的匹配。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供一种药物包装。该包装包括适于保持药物的袋,以及通过与药物包装相关联的光学成像器而可读的特性。该特性包括印制在袋上的网格和印制在网格上的标记。
附图说明
在此描述的特征通过参照如下描述的附图能得到更好地理解。附图不必按比例绘出,而是重点示出本发明的原理。在附图中,贯穿各个视图采用相似的附图标记以指示相似的部件。
图1是本发明的系统的一个实施例的示意图;
图2是在依照本发明一个实施例的光学成像器(如图1的光学成像器)中,用于实施的例证性硬件平台的方框图;
图3A和3B示意性地图示了患者药物包装和可由图1的成像器探测的相应特性的一个实施例;以及
图4A和4B示意性地图示了患者药物包装和可由图1的成像器探测的相应特性的另一实施例。
具体实施方式
一方面减缓了用于患者药物的非受控链的监控的相关风险的系统10在图1中示出。现在医院设置的情况下描述系统10。编码标记符号(encoded symbol character)12包括关于患者的编码信息,其可以与中央数据库相关联。该患者的编码信息,诸如编码在条形码上的信息,可以添加在患者附近的患者笔记板上或者,更常用的,编码标记符号可以添加在患者腕带14上。该腕带14可以包括多个适于横跨腕带的条形码标记。每个编码标记符号12可以是彼此相同的复制。
如在此使用的,“编码标记符号”意指消息中信息单元的表示(representation),例如单一字母数字符号的条形码标记体系中的表示。一个或多个编码标记符号可用于传达信息(例如产品源头或型号的识别),例如在包括表示数字的十二个编码标记符号的UPC条形码中的那样。而且,编码标记符号可以是具有商定的传统意义的非字母数字符号,例如用于表示UPC条形码的开始、结束和中心的,包括条和间隙的元素。用于将符号编码为编码标记的条和间隙通常被称为“元素”。例如UPC标记中的编码符号由4个元素组成,两个条和两个间隙。类似的,编码标记符号可以被限定用于其他条形码标记体系,例如包括码39和码128的其他1维(“1-D”)条形码系统,或者用于包括PDF417的堆叠二维(“2-D”)条形码系统。优选的,腕带上的编码标记符号12可以是多个2D条形码。
系统10还包括用于患者的药物16。该药物可以具有任意形式,但是优选地为药丸形式。在医院设置中,中央药房将用于递送的患者药物分配给患者。药物16以各种形式包装以与其它药物区分。例如,如果药物16为药片形式,则该药片具有包括塑化剂和色素的聚合物或多糖基包衣(coating)。能够操作该包衣、特别是包衣中的色素以提供与众不同的外观。该药片的特定形状,例如,圆盘状或囊状,是与众不同的包装的另一实例。该药片还可以戳印标记、字母和数字,以使它们能被识别。
药物包装还可以包括外部包装。外部包装的实例包括铝箔包装或者吸塑包装、纸包装、袋装、或者甚至是医院通常使用的以将药物递送给病房的小纸杯。
因此,每个药物能够具备区别其他药物的唯一的包装特性(attribute)。在本发明的一个实施例中,患者药物16被放置在包装18中。在一个实例中,包装18包括纸袋以保持药丸形式的药物16。该纸打印有将包装和特定药物相关联的特征或特性20。各种特性的实例将在下面更为全面地描述。
具有独特特性的包装的药物并不仅仅限于药丸形式。在其它实例中,药物可以为液体形式例如糖浆、酏剂、悬浮液,以及乳状液。该液体药物能够具有与众不同的特性例如容器的颜色、或形状。
系统10还包括光学成像器22,以读取与患者相关联的编码标记符号12,诸如条形码腕带14,并且对与药物包装18相关联的特性20成像。参照图2,其示出了光学成像器22(诸如CCD扫描器)的方框图。通常,光学成像器同时采用特定波长的光对条形码标记的所有条和间隙照明,以获取图像用于识别和解码的目的。这样的扫描器通常为已知的CCD扫描器,因为它们使用CCD成像探测器以探测正被读取的条形码标记的图像。如下面将更为详细解释的,图2示出了基础结构,其共同包括适于使用的通常形式的成像器,并通用于使用1D图像传感器的光学读取器和使用2D图像传感器的光学读取器。
光学成像器22包括照明组件24,用于照明编码标记符号12,其可以包括1D或2D条形码标记以及药物包装18的特性20。该光学成像器22还包括成像组件26,用于接收编码标记符号12和特性20的图像,并且产生代表光学编码于其中的数据的电输出信号。照明组件24可以,例如包括照明源组件28(例如一个或多个LED)与照明光学组件30(诸如一个或多个反射器),照明光学组件30用于将光从光源28引导向符号12和特性20的方向。如果周围环境的光水平已能确保足够高以允许拍摄高质量的图像,则照明组件24可以被省略。成像组件26可以包括图像传感器32与成像光学组件34,该图像传感器32具有以多个行和列的像素形成的多个像素,例如1D或2D CCD、CMOS、NMOS、PMOS、CID或者CMD固态图像传感器,成像光学组件34用于接收和聚焦符号12或特性20的图像于图像传感器32上。
图2的光学成像器22还包括可编程控制装置36,其优选地包括集成电路微处理器38和专用集成电路或ASIC40。微处理器38和ASIC40都是可编程控制设备,其能够依照读/写随机存取存储器或RAM42和/或可擦除只读存储器或EROM44中所存储的存储程序来接收、输出和处理数据。处理器38和ASIC40还都连接到通用总线46,编程数据和工作数据,包括地址数据,通过该总线可以以任意方向被接收或发送到也连接到该总线的任意电路。然而,处理器38和ASIC40在如何制造和如何使用上互相不同。
更具体的,处理器38优选地是通用的现有VLSI集成电路微处理器,其具有对图2的电路的总体控制,但是其大部分时间致力于依照EROM44中所存储的程序数据来对RAM42中所存储的图像数据进行解码。处理器40,另一方面来说,优选地是专用VLSI集成电路,诸如可编程逻辑或门阵列,其被编程以致力于执行除了解码图像数据外的其它功能,并且因此减轻处理器38执行这些功能的负担。
处理器38和40之间的实际分工将自然地取决于能够买到的现有可用微处理器的类型、所使用的图像传感器的类型、成像组件26所输出图像数据的速率、等等。这并没有什么原则,但是,在处理器38和40之间需要特定的分工,或者甚至不需要进行这种区分。这是因为,如果通用处理器38足够快和足够强大以执行预期的全部功能则可以完全省略专用处理器40。因此,将理解的是,无论所使用的处理器数目还是之间的分工,都不是关键。
根据图2所示类型的处理器架构,将在下面描述处理器38和40之间的典型分工。处理器38优选地主要致力于解码图像数据的任务(一旦该数据被存储在RAM42中),操控菜单选项以及重新编程功能,以及提供整个系统水平的协调。处理器40优选地主要致力于控制图像获取处理、A/D转换处理和图像数据的存储,包括经由DMA通道访问存储器42和44的能力。处理器40还可以执行许多定时和通信操作。处理器40可以,例如,控制LED28的照明、图像传感器32和模数(A/D)转换器48的定时、与光学成像器22外部的处理器相互发送和接收数据(通过RS-232(或其它)兼容I/O设备50)以及通过输出设备52(诸如蜂鸣器、易读取LED和/或显示器,其可以为例如液晶显示器)的用户感知数据的输出。输出设备52的其它实例包括触觉反馈技术,例如触觉接口,其例如向光学成像器22的操作者施加力、振动以及移动。输出、显示和I/O功能的控制也可以如所建议的通过总线驱动器I/O和输出/显示设备50’和输出设备52’ 在处理器38和40之间共享或者可以如所建议的通过微处理器串口I/O端口38A和38B以及I/O和显示设备50’’和52’ 被复制。如早先所解释的,指定分工没有意义。
再参照图1,一个或多个条形码成像器22通过适于条形码成像器和计算机之间数字通信的任意方法而与主机计算机54通信。主机计算机54与光学成像器22同地协作时,通信选项包括串联、并列、USB、火线、以太网、或其它有线接口、铜线、同轴电缆、光纤、双绞线、屏蔽电缆、或者屏蔽双绞线的硬布线和无线接口56。有线和无线接口56还可以连接到因特网58。
如现有技术中已知的数字无线通信的合适的无线标准包括从蜂窝电话数据到个域网的范围,包括GSM(全球移动系统)、GPRS(通用分组无线业务)、EDGE(GSM增强数据率演进)、W-CDMA(FDD)(宽带码分多址频分双工)、TD-SCDMA(时分同步码分多址)、HSPDA(高速下行链路)、TIA/EIA-95A/B(cdmaOne系统)、cdma2000(1xRTT)(1x无线电话技术)、1xEV-DO(1x仅仅数据演变、高速率分组数据)、1xEV-DV(1x数据和声音演变)、iDEN(综合调度增强网络)、TETRA(陆地集群无线电)、蓝牙(无线个域网;PAN)、IEEE802.11a/g/h/j(无线局域网;LAN)、IEEE802.15.3a(UWB)(超宽带个域网;PAN)、IEEE802.16a/e(无线城域网)(MAN)。除了传统的幅值(AM)、调频(FM)、频移键控(FSK)、以及相移键控(PSK)之外,其它合适的数据调制类型包括GMSK、旋转8PSK和更高的,包括3π/8旋转8PSK、QPSK、16QAM到128QAM和更高、M16-QAM和更高、π/4DQPSK、GFSK、DBPSK、具有DQPSK的CCK、包括52副载波OFDM的副载波OFDM、整形脉冲或频率切换OFDM、以及具有QPSK的OFDM。也可以使用其它无线射频(RF)接口或者无线光接口,包括可见和红外(IR)LED或激光源和探测器,以及包括视线或光纤连接的其他光操作接口。
在同地协作计算机54的情况中,计算机可以为桌面PC、膝上PC、笔记本PC、平板PC、手持PC、PDA或其他有线或无线计算机。类似的,光学成像器22还包括计算机54。在该实施例中,计算机54可以通过有线或无线连接与其它计算机60通信。光学成像器22和计算机60之间的这种通信可以通过计算机之间的直接有线或无线通信或通过到计算机54和60都能访问的计算机网络的连接进行。
系统10中还包括数据库62。数据库62包括数据以将患者的编码标记符号12和患者信息相关。患者信息可以包括患者名字、社会安全号码、出生日期、患者的数字图像、血型、医院识别号码(“ID”)、生物识别信息和其它任意与患者相关的患者记录,包括患者地址、电话号码、紧急联系信息、处方历史、治疗医师、监护人或健康代理联系、治疗历史、医疗保险信息、当前处方药物、药物历史、以及识别医生的名字等等。当前处方药物的一个实例能包括镇痛剂Percocet的处方,每6小时服用一个药片用于止痛,对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen)的日总剂量不超过4克。
数据库62是现有技术中已知的典型关联数据库,但是可以是用于将上述列出的信息与患者编码标记符号12相关的任意合适的数据库。应当注意的是数据库62还能够驻留在便携数据终端(PDT)中的任意合适类型的存储器中,包括RAM、ROM、EPROM、EEPROM、硬驱、光驱、或者任意合适的盘驱动。数据库62还采用驱动或存储“棒”、包括固态或旋转盘存储器的存储单元中的便携插头的形式,驻留在条形码读取器中(如能被合并在PDT中)并附着到该条形码读取器。
数据库62还可以包含药物包装特性库64以存储医院中供应的药物清单和用于每个药物包装的特定特性。依照本发明的特性可以对应于包含用于患者的期望药物的包装的特性。该特性可以通过光学成像器成像并且被解码以用于与特性库中存储的特性比较和相关。在一个实施例中,特性库64包括镇痛剂清单,以及包装特性可以包括药丸形状和戳印在药丸里的印记。例如,麻醉镇痛剂Percocet具有存储在特性库64中的如下特性20:白色、圆形、戳印在一面的外部直径的“PERCOCET”、以及戳印在中心的数字“5”(以表明5mg氧可酮HCL/325mg对乙酰氨基酚)。在另一实例中,非处方(over-the-counter)镇痛剂Bayer阿司匹林可以具有存储在库64中的如下特性20:白色、圆形、在药片上垂直和水平戳印的“BAYER”。在另一实例中,麻醉镇痛剂Vicodin(例如,500mg扑热息痛和5mg氢可酮)可以具有存储在库64中的如下特性20:白色、囊片型、以及戳印在一面上的“VICODIN”。以及在另一实施例中,非处方镇痛剂羟苯基乙酰胺(tylenol)阿司匹林可以具有存储在库64中的如下特性20:白色、囊片型、以及戳印在一面上的“TYLENOL”。
在操作中,护士或助手可以使用光学成像器22扫描编码标记符号12和药物包装18。一旦扫描,符号12中所包含的编码信息和特性20的图像就以数据段形式中继到计算机54。在计算机54包含在光学成像器22中的情况下,数字信息在成像器22主体内部传输。否则,光学成像器22通过任意合适的方法(包括前述讨论的示例性通信方法)将数据段发送到计算机54。
计算机54能够包括数据库62并且基于解码的条形码数据和特性的图像而进一步相关并返回一份或多份信息,或者更可能地,计算机54可以与其他计算机60通信,诸如通过合适的计算机网络。类似的,一个或多个计算机60还可以包括数据库62,或者数据库62能驻留在远程计算机上,诸如位于包含因特网58的本地或远程计算机网络上的远程计算机服务器。也可以具有多个数据库62,其中一些患者信息诸如ID和药物可以位于一个数据库62上(该数据库62位于本地医院中的计算机60上或与本地医院中的计算机60相关联),然而其他患者数据诸如患者治疗历史则可以在其它数据库62上访问。或者,特性库64可以存储在独立的数据库中。在该情况下,一个或多个远程数据库可以在能够通过计算机网络访问的任意位置,例如因特网58上的任意位置。这种网络的安全性能够通过驻留在因特网上的虚拟私人网络(VPN)的使用而增强。选择使用私人和公共密匙能够实现各种程度的VPN安全。
随着一个或多个数据库62的连接,患者信息可以返回到计算机54并且显示在与计算机54相关联的显示器或光学成像器22上以便于护士观察。护士能仅仅观察患者ID信息或者在一些实施例中能够使用光学成像器22或计算机54上的用户界面从一个或多个数据库62中进一步访问所需的与该患者相关联的其他信息。该界面可以是图形用户界面(“GUI”)。
除了对药物自身建立药物包装特性之外,也可以在特性库64中存储药物的外部包装特性。外部包装特性的一个实例在图3A和图1中联合示出。通过医院药房发出的药物包装18包括保持患者要服用的药物16(其在图示的实例中为Percocet药丸)的纸袋66。在一个实例中,印刷在包装18的上部的网格68包括以0.25英寸的距离“d”而隔开的方块。特性20印刷在网格68上,并且能够通过光学成像器22读取。在图示实例中,特性20是以0.25英寸间隔印刷的三角形标记。图示实例中的网格68图案可以布满袋66的整个背景,使得药物16被网格图案背景覆盖。
在一方面,袋能以卷轴状形式存储在药房中,其中每个卷轴具有特定的特性。药剂师可以简单地从合适的卷轴中取下袋子,将药物放置于其中,并发送到患者房间。在一个实例中,袋子66可以具有与麻醉剂相关的红色特性20,与血液稀释剂相关联的蓝色特性20,以及与心脏药物相关联的绿色特性20。
转到图3B,通过医院药房发放的不同药物包装118保持Bayer阿司匹林的非处方药片116。袋166在上部具有网格168,其包括0.25英寸的方块,但是不同于图3B中所示的实例,特性120是不同的。在图示的实例中,特性120是“X”标记的形式,以0.25英寸间隔但是位于网格线之间。
在操作的一个例证性模式中,医院药房以图3A所示的袋66的形式分配镇痛剂Percocet。当包装18到达患者的病房时,护士能够扫描患者的条形码信息以正确地识别患者并访问患者的医疗记录,包括处方药物。GUI界面显示关于患者的信息,例如药物计划表。在那时,对药物包装18的特性20进行成像并由可编程控制装置36处理,随后将特性20与特性库64相关以用于正确的识别。如果预期用于患者的药物包装18的特性20与特性库64中的备选药物的特性很好的相关,则报告正确的识别并发送确认信息给输出设备52,例如药物的说明书和/或图像,或确定的蜂鸣声。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一旦用于患者的预期药物已经通过特性库识别,则已识别的药物能与数据库62中的患者记录交叉验证以确保服用合适的药物。例如,转到图4A和4B,所公开的系统能够识别何时发生药物变化并向主治护士报警。图4A中图示了具有未描述外观的囊片形药物216,诸如Vicodin药片的反面。医院药房可能遵照正常程序将Vicodin药丸216放置在袋子266中。但是疏忽地将药丸书写侧朝下。包装的特性220包括:白色、囊片、以及印制在网格268上的以0.5英寸间隔的实线圆。
图4B图示了可能易于与药物216弄混的药物316。药丸316看似相同;即,白色囊片,但是可能是视野外的后侧戳印有名字的Tylenol囊片。在该实例中,药房可能将药丸316放置在袋366中而书写标记被从视野中隐藏。特性320包括:白色、囊片、以及印刷在袋上的以0.25英寸间隔但位于网格线之间的“X”标记图案。在具有药物316(例如Tylenol囊片)的袋366与袋266和药物216(例如,Vicodin囊片)有意地或无意地交换的情况中,光学成像器22将特性320与特性库64相关并且报告预期的药物是Tylenol囊片。在此刻,已识别出的药物316能够与数据库62中的患者处方药物计划表相关,并且不符之处将会例如以警告消息或蜂鸣的形式报告成像器输出设备52。以这种方式,用于患者的预期药物可以与特性库64相关以确保合适的药物被以合适的间隔分配。
因此,袋上的网格图案和标记以及药物自身为药物识别提供了有用的变量。袋66上的特性20还可以识别药物的分类。例如,参照图3B和4B,以0.25英寸间隔但是位于网格线之间的印刷在袋上的“X”标记的图案,可以指示非处方药物(例如不受控制的)。
包含药物的包装18并不只限于袋。例如,当前在许多医院药房中使用的是以纸杯形式分配药物。使用在此公开的所述实施例,可以使用专门的具有印刷于其上的特性的纸杯。纸杯(未示出)可以包括网格图案、标记、或二者。实际上,成像器可以对杯内的药丸成像并且将所成像的特性与特性库相关,如上所述。
对于药物包装18的另一有用特性20是色素、或颜色。可以在外部包装(例如色彩编码的包装)或者药丸自身上执行染色。在一个实施例中,染色能混合在药物16的填充剂和/或粘结剂中以给药丸独特的颜色。在另一实施例中,染色可以被加到药物16的包衣上。例如,色素染料可以用于药丸的聚合物或多糖基包衣中。该光学成像器22可以适于对包括彩色墨水(如紫外荧光墨水)的特性进行照明、成像和解码。
在本发明的一个实施例中,光学成像器22的照明组件24产生光,其中在此使用的术语“光”表示在可见和非可见光谱内的电磁波长。这些电磁波长的实例可以包括紫外光(“UV”)、红外光(“IR”)、其它非可见光,以及基于创建特性20所使用的印刷材料的特性而选择的其它光。这些印刷材料可以包括墨水,例如尽管对于人眼不可见但是被照明光学组件30激发时发射光的墨水。这些墨水通常是已知的并且标志读取领域的技术人员将易于理解印刷材料的性质以在包装18上印刷特性20时使用。然而,所公开的实施例还包括集成在药物16自身内的新颖的墨水和类似物。所以,从与印刷材料兼容的照明光学组件30中发出的光能够从光源发出,所述光源包括一个或多个发光二极管(LED)。这些LED可以包括单色LED(例如,UV LED),或者它们可以包括不同颜色LED,从其中发出的光能够结合使得光源发出的整体颜色能够控制和变化。在其它实施例中,照明光学组件30可操作地配置成产生激光,例如通过LED和/或激光二极管实现。
虽然传统技术诸如“背光”技术(使用UV光)中发出的光能被用于照明特定类型的印刷材料,但是这些照明并不允许光学成像器22以在特性20和存储在特性库64中的相应特性之间产生一致的良好关联。事实上,UV光、IR光、以及用于照明特性的类似波长和/或频率光的使用,能够限制成像器的操作属性,因为成像器通常必须非常靠近特性放置。
参照图2,该缺点将通过并入光学滤波器70而得以克服。在一些实施例中光学滤波器70可以具有特定频率的通带,其匹配印刷材料所发出的光的发射波长。在其它实施例中,滤波器70可以具有与照明光学组件30中的发光二极管(LED)的发射波长相匹配的频率通带。尽管这些通带可以被配置为允许具有宽范围波长的光通过,但是预期的是光学滤波器70将包括允许光通到图像传感器32的通带,但是有效阻止可见和不可见范围内的所有其它波长。按照非限制实例的方式,光学滤波器70能定位在药物包装18和图像传感器32之间使得由包装特性20发射(或反射)的光在到达图像传感器之前必须通过光学滤波器。该位置,当其与光学滤波器的构造(该构造基于特定光学和/或包装特性的印刷材料)结合时,能够允许光学成像器解码特性。该特征是有利的因为其允许成像器以与特性相间隔的关系布置,例如直到20cm的距离,而其能力又不会降低以获得对编码标记符号12的一致良好解码。该布置的优点在于,特性对于裸眼可以是不可见的并且只能由成像器探测,这防止了替代。其他优点在于患者药物对于各个患者可以彩色编码,其防止了相同房间中患者间的混淆。
光学滤波器70可以包括多个滤波区域(未示出),其每个能被配置为允许特定波长(或者波长范围)通过到达图像传感器32上。示意范围能包括,例如,对应红、绿和橙可见光的波长、或者由通带波长的特定值限定的波长例如625nm、610nm和510nm,以及其它。光学滤波器70可被构造为例如由塑料(例如丙烯酸)制成的单一结构,其被处理和/或制造以使得包括一个或多个滤波区域。光学滤波器70的其它实例可以由基底构成,基底上沉积有特定类型的光学材料(例如光学涂层、光学膜、光学层),光学材料被具体选择以形成滤波区域。在本发明的其他实施例中,这些光学材料可以设置在图像传感器32上或者构造为图像传感器32的一部分,例如其透镜组件的一部分(未示出)。在一个实施例中,该构造可以通过在像素阵列的像素(以及像素区域)上设置光学材料来实现。
药物包装18的另一有用特性20是相对尺寸。药物袋上的特征(例如图3A至4B中所公开的网格图案)可以用于确定患者期望的药物是否具有恰当的尺寸。在一个实例中,如图3A所示,印刷在包装18上部的网格68可以包括以0.25英寸的距离“d”间隔的方块,如上所述。印刷在袋66上的标记20可以由光学成像器22识别并且与特性库64相关,其中成像器报告三角形标记表示网格间隔距离“d”为0.25英寸。用这种方式,当药物16的图像解码时,可以确定药丸的宽度为近似两个网格块,或0.5英寸。在其它实例中,标记可以表示网格距离“d”更小或更大。使用标记以确定网格的相对尺寸,允许药物药丸的尺寸作为特性使用。
在另一实例中,标记自身可以作为测量基准。例如,替代网格图案 ,特性20可以是特定几何尺寸的标记。在儿科应用中,特性20可以是儿童熟悉的标记或图标,例如小狗、小猫、小马、帆船、赛车等等。该图标可以以特定的几何尺寸印刷,例如0.5英寸,使得光学成像器22能够确定将要服用的药物16的相对尺寸。该特定标记或图标可以进一步用来关联特定的患者。用这种方式,儿童,在允许时,能够选择优先的标记或图标,而该标记或图标被印刷在所有的处方药物上。
在此描述的药物包装的特性能够采用等级序列进行编码、印刷在贴纸上、并且贴纸应用于药物包装。例如,编码特性可以包括四个独立特性:包装类型、药丸形状、药丸尺寸(或尺寸范围)、以及光波长(例如染色)。特性库中药物的每种形式包括各个特性的独特排列。因此,如果存在八种类型的包装、四种药丸形状、六种药丸尺寸范围、以及四种不同颜色,则编码特性包括8×4×6×4=768种排列。当然,多于或少于四种单独特性可以在等级次序中使用。
在另一方面,存储在药房中的袋66可以具有以随机顺序印刷在其上的多个特性20。由于足够大的可能特性组,可以产生足够的排列以唯一地识别每个袋66,类似于指纹。例如,可以在等级序列中选择四种特性20,例如标记、标记颜色、标记尺寸、和网格图案尺寸。在该实例中,具有20种可能的标记类型、16种可能的颜色、10种不同的标记尺寸、以及4种不同的网格图案尺寸,导致20×16×10×4=12800种排列。当药物16被分配到每个袋66时,药剂师可以获取与独特包装相关联的药物的数字图像,并且输入图像到特性库64中,将其与药物将要给予的特定患者相关联。随后,当分配给患者时,期望的药物能与特性库64中所存储的图像交互参照以进行验证。该特定实例确保了高度的可靠性并最小化了监护链的风险。
本发明的一个改进在于源自医院药房的药物分配能实现更好的监护链。医院药房可以将药物放置在具有不同特性的包装中,该特性可以由光学扫描器成像并解码。在给患者服用药物之前,被成像的特性可以与存储在数据库中的特性库相关。该成像器可以报告将要服用的药物以确认。替代的,报告的药物可以与患者的药物计划表相关以确保合适的药物被分配。
在此所列出的装置和方法描述如下:
A1.一种用于将药物包装与患者的处方药物相关的系统,该药物包装容纳预期的患者药物,该系统包括:
光学成像器,适于读取包括编码患者信息的编码标记符号并且还适于成像药物包装的特性,该光学成像器包括二维图像传感器阵列以及用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜,该二维图像传感器阵列具有以多个像素行和列形成的多个像素,该光学成像器包括数字链路以传输数据段,该数据段包括用编码标记符号编码的患者信息和药物包装特性;
与数字链路连接的主机计算机,用于从光学成像器接收数据段;以及
经由数字链路和主机计算机耦合的数据库,该数据库将数据段与(a)患者记录、以及(b)药物包装特性库相关。
A2.A1的系统,其中患者记录包括处方药物,药物包装特性与患者记录中的处方药物相关。
A3.A1的系统,其中药物包装包括药物自身。
A4.A3的系统,其中药物包装特性包括药物形状。
A5.A3的系统,其中药物包装特性包括药物的尺寸。
A6.A1的系统,其中药物包装特性印刷在包装上。
A7.A6的系统,其中印刷的特性是网格图案。
A8.A7的系统,其中特性还包括印刷在网格图案上的标记。
A9.A1的系统,其中药物包装特性包括染色。
A10.A7的系统,其中染色与药物混合。
A11.A8的系统,其中染色包括应用于药物包衣的染料。
A12.A7的系统,还包括位于药物包装和光学成像器中的图像传感器之间的光学滤波器,所述光学滤波器具有通带,适于通过由光学成像器中照明源组件所发射波长的光。
A13.A7的系统,其中染色是紫外的。
A14.A1的系统,还包括药物包装的多个特性,该多个采用等级序列编码。
B1.一种用于将药物包装与患者相关的方法,该方法包括步骤如下:
提供光学成像器,该光学成像器包括二维图像传感器阵列以及用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜,该二维图像传感器阵列具有以多个像素行和列形成的多个像素;
提供患者的期望药物,该药物由药物包装容纳,该包装具有能够由光学成像器读取的特性;
提供包括特性库的数据库,该特性库包括多种候选药物,每种候选药物具有相关联的包装特性;
采用光学成像器获取药物和包装的图像;
处理图像以识别药物包装特性;
访问特性库并将药物包装的成像特性和候选药物的存储特性相关;以及
由光学成像器报告药物包装的成像特性和一种候选药物之间的匹配。
B2.B2的方法,还包括如下步骤:
提供编码标记符号格式的患者信息,患者信息与数据库中的患者记录相关,患者记录包括处方药物;
解码编码标记符号并将编码标记符号与患者记录相关;以及
由光学成像器将患者记录中的处方药方和患者的期望药物相关。
B3.B2的方法,还包括通过光学成像器上的输出设备来输出用户能够感知的数据的步骤。
B4.B2的方法,其中获取药物包装的图像的步骤包括采用特定波长的光来照明包装。
B5.B4的方法,其中光学成像器包括适于通过特定波长的光并阻止所有其它波长的光的光学滤波器。
C1.一种药物包装,包括:
适于保持药物的袋;以及
能够由光学成像器读取的特性,该光学成像器包括二维图像传感器阵列和用于将图像聚焦到二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜,二维图像传感器阵列具有以多个像素行和列形成的多个像素,特性与药物包装相关,特性从由几何标记、图标、几何标记的颜色、图标颜色以及网格图案构成的组中选择。
尽管本发明在此参照特定数目的实施例进行了描述,但是应当理解的是本发明的真实精神和范围仅仅由权利要求书限定并且由本说明书支持。而且,尽管在此的多个实施例中所描述系统和装置和方法具有特定数目的元件,但是应当理解的是这些系统、装置和方法可以采用少于所述元件的特定数目的元件来实施。而且,尽管描述了多个特定数目的实施例,但是应当理解的是在此描述的每个特定实施例中的特征和方面将可以与其它每个特定描述的实施例共同使用。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于使药物包装和患者的处方药物相关的系统,包括:
图像捕获装置,适于对包括编码患者信息的编码标记符号进行解码,并且还适于对药物包装的特性进行成像,所述特性从标记图案和网格图案构成的组中选择以提供用于识别所述处方药物的变量,所述特性具有预定的尺寸特征以确定药物的尺寸;
与图像捕获装置上的数字链路连接的主机计算机,用于从图像捕获装置接收数据段;以及
经由数字连接和主机计算机耦合的数据库,该数据库将数据段与(a)患者记录以及(b)药物包装特性库相关,
其中所述系统报告患者的药物信息以及药物包装特性与药物包装特性库中可用的候选药物之一之间的匹配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中患者记录包括处方药物,药物包装特性与患者记录中的处方药物相关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述药物包装特性包括药物形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述药物包装特性包括药物的尺寸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述药物包装特性印刷在包装上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述药物包装特性包括染色。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述药物包装特性包括与药物混合的染色。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括位于药物包装和图像捕获装置内的二维图像传感器阵列之间的光学滤波器,所述光学滤波器具有通带,用于通过由光学成像器中照明源组件所发射波长的光。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括用于所述药物包装的多个特性,所述多个特性采用等级序列编码。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括图形用户界面,通信地连接到光学成像器,用于显示与所述患者相关的信息。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中响应于所述药物包装的特性与候选药物之一之间的不匹配而向操作者报警。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中响应于患者的药物变化而向操作者报警。
13.一种用于使药物包装和患者的处方药物相关的方法,包括:
由图像捕获装置读取包括患者的编码患者信息的编码标记;
使用所述图像捕获装置捕获药物包装的图像,其中所述图像捕获装置捕获与所述药物包装相关联的特征的图像,所述特征从标记图案和网格图案构成的组中选择以提供用于识别所述处方药物的变量,所述特征具有预定的尺寸特征;
处理图像以使用预定尺寸特征来识别药物包装的特性以确定药物的尺寸;
访问包括多种候选药物的特性库并将所述药物包装的特性与候选药物的存储的特性相关联;以及
由所述图像捕获装置指示所述药物包装的成像特性与候选药物之一之间的匹配。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
以编码标记符号格式提供患者信息,所述患者信息与数据库中的患者记录相关,所述患者记录包括处方药;以及
将编码标记符号解码并关联到患者记录;并且由光学成像仪将患者记录中的处方药与患者的药物相关联。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,还包括经由通信地连接到所述图像捕获装置的图形用户界面来显示与患者有关的信息的步骤。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中捕获药物包装的图像的步骤包括用特定波长的光照射包装,并且其中所述图像捕获装置包括适于通过特定波长的光并阻挡所有其它波长的光的光学滤波器。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括响应于患者的药物变化而向操作者报警。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括响应于所述药物包装的特性与候选药物之一之间的不匹配而向操作者报警。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述药物包装的特性包括染色。
20.一种用于使药物包装和患者的处方药物相关的系统,包括:
具有适于保持药物的袋的药物包装;以及
包括二维图像传感器阵列和用于将图像聚焦在二维图像传感器阵列上的成像透镜的图像捕获装置,所述二维图像传感器阵列具有以多个像素行和列形成的多个像素,其中所述图像捕获装置捕获与所述药物包相关联的特征的图像,所述特征从标记图案和网格图案构成的组中选择以提供用于识别所述处方药物的变量,所述特征具有预定的尺寸特征,并且其中所述系统使用预定尺寸特征来处理图像以确定药物的尺寸。
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