CN107549120A - The rearing method and its larvae feeds formula of a kind of bat moth - Google Patents
The rearing method and its larvae feeds formula of a kind of bat moth Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The rearing method and its larvae feeds formula of a kind of bat moth, the rearing method of the bat moth include following condition：（1）Larva Artificial feeding conditions：8~23 DEG C of temperature；Relative humidity 75~85%；Humidified using sterilized water；Full dark situation；（2）The storage condition of pupa：Female, the male pupa pupated on the same day is positioned at different temperature；（3）Adult mating enviromental conditions for spawning：Female, the male imago of emergence are positioned over top in gauze, the interior imago cage for there are a bottled fresh host plant smalt branches and leaves, to be stopped for adult suspension, activity, sought a spouse and mate and oviposit；Temperature conditionss are 23~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is 65%~80%, and the photoperiod is (11 13) L:(13‑11)D；（4）Larva artificial feed formula and preparation method thereof；（5）Feeding environment is disinfected.The method can significantly improve the survival rate of larva, and the eclosion rate of pupa can be improved, and improve the Mating success of adult.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rearing method of bat moth and its larvae feeds formula.
Background technology
Snowy peak cordyceps sinensis is in the newly discovered precious Chinese herbal medicine in the ground such as the Dongkou County on Hunan snowy peak mountain range, is that a kind of fungi is new
Monoid nematode grass Cordycepps snowy peak Cordyceps MilitarisOphiocordyceps xuefengensisThe entomogenous fungi formed after parasitic insect combines
Body, research find it containing the various active material such as adenosine, cordycepin, cordycepic acid, polysaccharide, amino acid, have invigorate the lung and the kidney, cough-relieving
Resolving sputum and strengthen immunity and other effects, by long as precious jade medicine usage history.
The important host of snowy peak cordyceps sinensis includes huge furuncle bat mothEndoclita davidi(Poujade, 1886) and furuncle bat
MothEndoclyta nodus Lepidoptera Hepialidaes such as (Chu et Wang, 1985)（Hepialidae）Bat moth category
（Endoclita）Insect, 2 years generation, belong to complete metamorphosis, the history of life is by ovum, larva, pupa to adult stage.Larval phase
Up to 1 year half or so, battalion's brill moth sexual life of being holed in the stem and root of host plant, pupate, turn into tunnel
Tunnel is left after worm.Due to larva go through the phase length, during which by a variety of natural enemies including muscardine etc. fungi, and acarid, post fly,
The parasitism of the animals such as cocoon honeybee, ant, muroid or predation, the survival rate of larva is low, therefore the productivity of snowy peak cordyceps sinensis is low.Certainly
It is more by vegetation, soil texture, temperature, humidity, illumination and natural enemy etc. to complete the cycle of whole generation for bat moth in right environment
The combined influence of kind ecological factor, wild resource is extremely limited, meets with excessively excavation in recent years, causes resource more increasingly deficient
Weary, therefore, artificial culture turns into an important channel of ecological environmental protection, the protection of snowy peak worm grass resources and its industry development.
Simultaneously as 2 years generation of the worm, the larval growth puberty of contemporaneity field harvest is different, the physiology and growth shape of larva
Condition differs, and is the artificial culture of snowy peak cordyceps sinensis and the considerable hurdle of relation technological researching.Carry out to manually being raised under its indoor conditions
Foster research, the large-scale cultivation of larva is realized, it is significant to snowy peak cordyceps sinensis artificial culture.Meanwhile optimize huge furuncle bat
Moth larvae artificial diet technique, establish stable indoor population, there is provided a large amount of health, the confession test worm that development is neat, physiology is consistent
Source, it is artificial large-scale cultivation snowy peak cordyceps sinensis, further carries out the physiology life of the snowy peak cordyceps sinensis host such as huge furuncle bat moth and furuncle bat moth
Change, science of heredity, the important foundation of toxicology and its study on prevention.
During artificial feeding, the disease fungus such as muscardine infects, acarid and nematosis and feeding quality not
Good, frequent replacing feed workload is big etc., is the key factor for restricting bat moth larvae artificial feeding process and survival rate of larvae.
The Chinese patent application of Application No. 201410413333.7 discloses a kind of host of Cordyceps sinensis insect bat moth
Artificial low altitude area method for breeding, the feed using carrot as bat moth larvae；The China of Application No. 201510005466.5
A kind of method for breeding of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae of patent application publication, in the foster worm soil and foster worm feed respectively
Probiotics is added, reduces the probability of bat moth larvae infection pathogen in growth course, and good existence ring is provided for it
Border, to improve the survival rate of larva.The Chinese patent application of Application No. 201610275395.5, disclose a kind of bat moth children
Worm man-made feeds and preparation method thereof, raw material include wheat bran, fish meal, corn flour, analysis for soybean powder, serpentgrass powder, dusty yeast, agar
Deng.The Chinese patent application of Application No. 201610938312.6 discloses man-made feeds and its preparation of a kind of bat moth larvae
Method, including serpentgrass root, analysis for soybean powder, wheat bran, dusty yeast, sucrose, casein, agar, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, sorb
Acid and B B-complex etc., can make the larva raising survival rate of 140 days reach 86.67%, hence it is evident that higher than carrot group
73.67%。
Snowy peak cordyceps sinensis is newly discovered Chinese medicine, and parasitical fungi is different from cordyceps sinensis, and its host insect is bat moth class,
Also have with the host insect bat class of cordyceps sinensis significantly different.Artificial feeding about snowy peak cordyceps sinensis host insect bat moth class
Method and man-made feeds are there is not yet any report.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of artificial feeding side of bat moth
Method and its larvae feeds formula, survival rate, the eclosion rate of pupa and the Mating success of adult of artificial feeding larva are improved, reduced
Artificial workload.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem uses,
The rearing method of the bat moth of the present invention, including following condition：
（1）Larva Artificial feeding conditions：8~23 DEG C of temperature（19~22 DEG C of optimal temperature）；Relative humidity 75~85%（It is preferred that
80±2%）；Humidified using sterilized water；Full dark situation；Man-made feeds are prepared, change a feed within 20~30 days；With tissue culture bottle list
Cephalont is raised.
（2）The storage condition of pupa：The envionmental humidity of storage pupa is arranged to 78~82%；16~22 DEG C of temperature；Will be same
Its female, male pupa pupated is positioned at different temperature, and the temperature of male pupa is higher than female 1~2 DEG C of pupa；Pupa is placed directly on sky tissue culture
In bottle, or pupa is put into the tissue culture bottle for being lined with filter paper, or prepares agar mixture in tissue culture bottle, pupa moved into bottle, capping
Ventilating cover；Before treating that pupa is sprouted wings, when its body colour becomes dark brown, pupa is moved into empty tissue culture bottle, pupa underlay puts clean filter paper, and upward one
Side wrinkle get up to supply the adult of emergence to seek connections with；
The agar of the 2-3.5% containing mass percent, 0.3-0.5% preservative, Yu Weishui in the agar mixture；
The preservative be sorbic acid, benzoic acid, to hydroxy-methylbenzene, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, calcium propionate, sodium propionate, to hydroxyl
At least one of yl benzoic acid methyl esters, dehydroactic acid, sodium Diacetate, nitrate, nitrite, sodium lactate, sodium propionate；
（3）Adult mating enviromental conditions for spawning：By female, the male imago of emergence be positioned over top for gauze, interior there is bottled fresh host to plant
In the imago cage of thing smalt branches and leaves, stop, activity, seek a spouse and mate and oviposit for adult suspension；Temperature conditionss are 23~25 DEG C, phase
It is 65%~80% to humidity, the photoperiod is (11-13) L:(13-11)D（Dark periodic environment promotes the activity and mating of adult, carries
The fertilization chance and incubation rate of high ovum）.
Further, the diagnostic characteristics of female, male pupa：One article of middle cross band that the female uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is made up of furcella is wavy
Bending is obvious, followed by the smooth " V " shape striped in a centre, a black longitudinal crevasse in the 8th uromere outside of belly of connection center；Lobe
Seam both sides send " eight " shape line, are connected with the black burr clump in two outsides；Longitudinal crevasse both sides are flat, no projection, it stitched with anal fissure
Between distance be more than male pupa.One article of wavy middle cross band bending of the male uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is obvious, followed by a black burr group
Into straight cross band；8th uromere center free from flaw, this section two outside lefts similar to female respectively have one clump of black burr；9th abdomen
There is a black longitudinal crevasse in section center rearward, and respectively there is an ovate strumae on both sides；Longitudinal crevasse and the interstitial distance of anus compared with
Female pupa is near.
（4）Feeding environment is disinfected：When changing feed every time, the tissue culture bottle of breeding grub is all taken out, cleaning
And 20~100 times of liquid are diluted with 84 thimerosals, spray and thorough disinfection handles feeding environment, close the door stifling half an hour, open the door
10-15 minutes are allowed after odor dispersion, then the tissue culture bottle for the band larva for having changed feed is put in.
（5）The larvae feeds formula of the bat moth of the present invention, include the raw material of following weight proportion：20~40g of smalt powder, Hu
0~30g of carrot powder（It is preferred that 10-30g）, 50~70g of analysis for soybean powder, 20~40g of 30~50g of corn flour, oatmeal or wheat bran, yeast
10~30g, 2~6g of vitamin, 2~4g of cholesterol, 30~50g of agar, 900~1200mL of water, 4~6g of preservative.
The preservative be sorbic acid, benzoic acid, to hydroxy-methylbenzene, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, calcium propionate, sodium propionate,
At least one of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, dehydroactic acid, sodium Diacetate, nitrate, nitrite, sodium lactate, sodium propionate.
The acquisition methods of the smalt powder：Manyflower glorybower root, stem or/and leaf, naturally dry are taken, pulverizer crushes.Also may be used
To be that fresh material obtains through crushing, dosage is calculated according to dry weight.
Carrot meal：Commercially available prod；Or purchase fresh carrot, blended with mixer, dosage is calculated according to dry weight.
The yeast is yeast extract, dusty yeast, torula or dry ferment.
The vitamin is vitamin C, B B-complex or 21 Jin Weita.
The water is distilled water, running water, mineral water, pure water or distilled water.
The preparation method of the bat moth larvae feed, comprises the following steps：
1. weigh or measure：20~40g of smalt powder, 0~30g of carrot meal, 50~70g of analysis for soybean powder, 30~50g of corn flour, swallow
20~40g of oatmeal or wheat bran, 10~30g of yeast, 2~6g of vitamin, 2~4g of cholesterol, 30~50g of agar, water 900~
1200mL, 4~6g of preservative；
2. load weighted smalt powder, carrot meal, analysis for soybean powder, corn flour, vitamin, yeast, oatmeal or wheat bran are mixed, add
Enter the part water of step 1. middle weighing（The water of weighing adds at twice in step 2 and 3）, stir, into pasty state；
3. containing remaining water with beaker, heating, load weighted agar, cholesterol and preservative are added, uniform stirring is until completely molten
Solution；
4. by step 2. in be tuned into pasty state mixture pour into step 3. gained mixture in, be sufficiently stirred and stir evenly.
5. pouring the mixture into tissue culture bottle, 2-3min is cooled down, timely lid ventilating cover is standby.
The bat moth larvae of the present invention manually feed, add a certain amount of smalt powder, carrot meal, analysis for soybean powder, oatmeal or
Wheat bran, yeast, vitamin, agar, cholesterol, water, preservative, bat moth larvae, the man-made feeds can be successfully raised indoors
Formula materials are easy to get, and cost is low, and the shelf-life is longer, and preparation method is simple, can mass rearing bat moth larvae.Feed the survival of larva
Rate is higher than the survival rate fed with carrot, and the eclosion rate of pupa is high, and Adult worms producting eggs amount is big, is advantageously implemented the rule of bat moth larvae
Modelling is raised.
The present invention solves the infection of muscardine, acarid and nematode to larva during snowy peak cordyceps sinensis host's artificial feeding
The problem of causing survival rate of larvae low with parasitism and needing frequently to change feed cost expenses of labour power, can significantly improve the survival of larva
Rate, the eclosion rate of pupa is improved, improve the Mating success of adult.
The temperature of the artificial feeding of the present invention, damp condition are easily controllable, and feeding environment processing method is easy, and larva is sick
Insect infection rate is low；Larvae feeds formula materials are easy to get, and cost is low, and preparation method is simple, can mass rearing snowy peak cordyceps sinensis host bat
Moth larvae, survival rate of larvae, pupa eclosion rate and Adult worms producting eggs amount are superior to carrot control group or close with compareing, especially raised
Foster process saves labor；The Mating success of adult is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the discrimination sketch of the female pupa abdomen end of bat moth；
Fig. 2 is the discrimination sketch of bat moth hero pupa abdomen end；
Fig. 3 is the photo of the female pupa abdomen end of huge furuncle bat moth；
Fig. 4 is the photo of huge furuncle bat moth hero pupa abdomen end.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.To the inventive method, step or
The modifications or substitutions that condition is done, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Raw material used, is commercial goods unless otherwise indicated in embodiment.
The rearing method of the bat moth of the embodiment of the present invention, including following condition：
（1）Larva Artificial feeding conditions：19~22 DEG C of temperature；Relative humidity 80 ± 2%；Humidified using sterilized water；Full dark situation；
Man-made feeds are prepared, change a feed within 20~30 days；Single head worm is raised in tissue culture bottle.
（2）The storage condition of pupa：The envionmental humidity of storage pupa is arranged to 78~82%, and 16~22 DEG C of temperature will be same
Its female, male pupa pupated is positioned at different temperature, and the temperature of male pupa is higher than 1~2 DEG C of female pupa to ensure female, male pupa identical
Time sprouts wings, and mating is laid eggs；The envionmental humidity of storage pupa is arranged to 78~82%；
Pupa is directly placed into sky tissue culture bottle, or prepares agar mixture and pours into tissue culture bottle, pupa is put into bottle, capping is ventilative
Lid；Before treating that pupa is sprouted wings, when body colour becomes dark brown, pupa is moved into empty tissue culture bottle, pupa underlay puts clean filter paper, the upward side of filter paper
Wrinkle get up to supply the adult of emergence to seek connections with；
Agar containing mass percent 2.5% in the agar mixture, 0.4% preservative sorbic acid, Yu Weishui；
（3）Adult mating enviromental conditions for spawning：By female, the male imago of emergence be positioned over top for gauze, interior there is bottle to insert fresh host to plant
In the imago cage of thing smalt branches and leaves, stop, activity, seek a spouse and mate and oviposit for adult suspension；Temperature conditionss are 23~25 DEG C, phase
It is 65%~80% to humidity, photoperiod 12L:12D（Dark periodic environment promotes the activity and mating of adult, improves the fertilization of ovum
Chance and incubation rate）.
（4）The diagnostic characteristics of female, male pupa：One article of middle cross band wave sigmoid that the female uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is made up of furcella
Substantially, followed by the smooth " V " shape striped in a centre, it is connected with a black longitudinal crevasse in the 8th uromere outside of belly center；Longitudinal crevasse
Both sides send " eight " shape line, connect two black burr clumps on the outside of this section；Longitudinal crevasse both sides are flat, no projection, stitched with anal fissure
The distance between be noticeably greater than male pupa；
One article of wavy middle cross band bending that the male uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is made up of furcella is obvious, followed by a straight cross band, by black
Color burr is formed；Respectively there is one clump of black burr at 8th uromere center free from flaw, the outside left of this section two position similar to female；
There is a black longitudinal crevasse in 9th uromere center rearward, and respectively there is an ovate strumae on both sides；Longitudinal crevasse and anal fissure seam distance compared with
Female pupa is near.
（5）Feeding environment is disinfected：When changing feed every time, raising tissue culture bottle is all taken out, cleared up and with 84
Thimerosal dilutes 20~100 times of liquid, sprays and thorough disinfection handles feeding environment, close the door stifling half an hour a to hour,
Open the door 10~15 minutes and allowed after odor dispersion again, then the tissue culture bottle with larva puts in after changing feed.
Embodiment one
（One）Materials and methods
1.1 for examination larva source
Choose body and grow close with body weight, healthy huge furuncle bat moth larvae, after indoor fresh carrot raises 10 d, for examination.
1.2 man-made feeds raw materials
Smalt powder：The manyflower glorybower root of huge furuncle bat moth place of production collection, naturally dry, microphyte sample pulverizer（Ke Wei Yongxings, Beijing
Instrument Ltd., model：FZ102）Crush, cross 40 mesh sieves.
Ascorbic acid（Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd）（That is vitamin C）；
Carrot meal（Fresh carrot is bought, shreds frustillatum, diameter<1mm）；
Sorbic acid（Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group produces）；
Oatmeal, analysis for soybean powder, corn flour are that bulk goods are bought by supermarket or the dry soya bean of purchase, crush maize obtain；
Yeast extract（The extensive and profound in meaning star biotechnology Co., Ltd in Beijing）；
Agar（Japanese BISHARP Agar）；
Cholesterol（Shanghai Chinese medicines group）.
1.3 test method
All experiments are in growth cabinet（RXZ-280B-LED）Interior progress.Larva is placed individually into the advance sterilizing of foodstuff
In band ventilating cover 240ml tissue culture bottles, every bottle of cephalont.The carrot of feeding is changed once for every 3 days, and the every 20~30d of man-made feeds is more
Change once.
1.3.1 different humidity, the experimental method of temperature conditionss
On the basis of preliminary experiment, totally four relative humidity gradients, temperature are 22 DEG C for setting 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% respectively；
And respectively set 8 DEG C, 13 DEG C, 16 DEG C, 19 DEG C, 22 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 28 DEG C, 31 DEG C totally eight thermogrades, relative humidity are
80%.Foodstuff is fresh carrot, the raising of single head worm, observes and records the growth of larva, pupates, sprouts wings, laying eggs and the feelings such as death
Condition.Humidified using sterilized water.
Full dark situation；Man-made feeds are prepared, change a feed within 20 days.
1.3.2 man-made feeds preparation and larva raising method
Feed formula is shown in Table 1.1. weigh or measure the raw material matched in table 1；
2. load weighted smalt powder, carrot meal, analysis for soybean powder, corn flour, vitamin, yeast, oatmeal or wheat bran are mixed, add
Enter the half water of step 1. middle weighing（The water of weighing adds at twice in step 2 and 3）, stir, into pasty state；
3. containing remaining water with beaker, heating, load weighted agar, cholesterol and preservative are added, uniform stirring is until completely molten
Solution；
4. by step 2. in be tuned into pasty state mixture pour into step 3. gained mixture in, stir.
5. appropriate mixture is poured into tissue culture bottle, 2min is cooled down, is capped ventilating cover in time, it is standby.
It is 22 DEG C, in same growth cabinet of relative humidity 80 ± 2%, no light to set temperature, with fresh carrot
Feed as a control group, four groups of man-made feeds（I, II, III and IV）Raising be used as experimental group, observe the growth of larva, pupate,
Sprout wings, the spawning of adult and it is dead situations such as.
1.3.3 the preservation of pupa and spawning of sprouting wings
The pupa of larvaization under different temperatures is positioned at corresponding temperature；The envionmental humidity of storage pupa is arranged to 80 ±
2%；Pupa is put into the tissue culture bottle of sky, lid ventilating cover；Female, the male pupa pupated on the same day is positioned at different temperature, male moth
Temperature higher than 2 DEG C of female moth to ensure that female, male pupa is sprouted wings in same time, and mating is laid eggs；Before pupa is sprouted wings, body colour becomes dark brown
When, pupa is moved into 320ml empty tissue culture bottle, pupa underlay puts suitable filter paper, upward side wrinkle get up for sprout wings into
Worm climbs.It is that gauze imago cage is placed in the ceramic whiteware basin for being lined with filter paper by bottom, connects female adult in cage and dissipate the ovum given birth to, pour out daily
Ovum simultaneously counts.
1.3.4 the pest control method during artificial feeding
After growth cabinet is cleaned out, disinfected with 20 times of 84 thimerosals of dilution in growth cabinet, with without place
The growth cabinet of reason is control.The bottled larva 16~30 of single head is put in each growth cabinet, is raised with fresh carrot
Support, change a foodstuff within every 3 days.Observation larva grow and a situation arises for pest and disease damage.
（Two）As a result with analysis
The influence that 2.1 different humidities are developed to larval growth
It the results are shown in Table 2, it can be seen that foodstuff degree of metamorphism and larva infection muscardine degree are different under different humidity, accordingly
Survival rate it is also variant.90% RH（Relative humidity）Under, carrot degree of metamorphism is more serious, and under high humidity muscardine to children
The infection rate of worm is high so that its survival rate is less than 40%；During 75% RH, the larva often spinning not positive feeding in the room of building； 85% RH
When, carrot, which easily goes mouldy, influences the appetite of larva, therefore survival rate is relatively low under both humidity, and only 40%~70%.Consider food
Expect the factors such as degree of spoilage, larva infection rate and survival rate, it is most appropriate to choose 80% RH as the humidity of larva raising
's.
Note：Carrot is rotted and muscardine infection be respectively divided into "-,+,++ ,+++" 4 grades, wherein "-" represents
Without rotten or infection；"+" represents low-grade infection, infection rate≤15%；"++ " represents grade and moderate infection, infection rate 16%~30%；“+
++", represents severe infection, infection rate >=31%.Survival rate have "+,++ ,+++" 3 grades, wherein "+" represents survival rate
≤40%；"++ " represents survival rate 41%~70%；"+++" represents survival rate >=71%.
Influence of 2.2 different temperatures to growing
Eight thermogrades the results are shown in Table 3 to huge furuncle bat moth larvae Survival Effects.As can be seen that in 8 DEG C -22 DEG C of five temperature
The lower survival rate of larvae of degree is all higher, especially with 19 DEG C of survival rate highests（91.7%）, difference is not notable between five temperature, but is raising
Found in supporting as temperature rise larval feeding is more positive：Larval feeding at 8 DEG C is micro, and not brill moth carrot；At 13 DEG C
Larva can gnaw along carrot periphery；Larval feeding enlivens at 16 DEG C, and the related carrot chip knitmesh that can often spin；19 DEG C and 22
DEG C except having and in addition to 16 DEG C of identical habits, feeding is more positive.Though larva feeding is still actively active at 25 DEG C, 28 DEG C and 31 DEG C,
Carrot is more easy to corruption, and is gradually reduced with the rise survival rate of temperature, and larva extremely difficult survival when temperature reaches 31 DEG C, and 16
It rises just has worm to start death successively, all dead to 31 DEG C at the 60th day of larvas.Survival rate otherness between each temperature shows
Write.
Note：Lowercase is different after data, represents to examine through Duncan ' s, the significant difference in 0.05 level；Alphabetical phase
It is same then represent difference it is not notable, similarly hereinafter.-- indicate no worm.Index represents composite index.Similarly hereinafter.
Influence from the different temperatures of table 3 to huge furuncle bat moth percentage of pupation can be seen that percentage of pupation highest at 19 DEG C, 22 DEG C, point
Not Wei 73.7% and 75.0%, and difference is not notable between two temperatures, and the significant difference between remaining each temperature；And when identical
Larva can not complete to pupate at interior 8 DEG C, 13 DEG C, 31 DEG C, hence it is evident that be different from other five temperature.Percentage of pupation at a temperature of remaining
Sequentially it is：It is 16 DEG C of 25 DEG C of ＞, 28 DEG C of ＞, respectively 47.4%, 42.6% and 30.4%.
Impact analysis result from different temperatures to huge furuncle bat moth eclosion rate（It is shown in Table 3）, eclosion rate reaches at 19 DEG C
92.9%, it is significantly higher than other temperature, next to that 22 DEG C and 25 DEG C, respectively 72.2% and 62.5%；Eclosion rate at 16 DEG C is
33.3%, 28 DEG C only 16.7% of pupa can normally sprout wings, and belly sky is shown as after the pupa that can not sprout wings under this two temperatures about 40d
It is flat, dead.
The change of the female adult that can normally sprout wings egg laying amount at a temperature of 16 DEG C -28 DEG C, spawning is poor between the Different Individual of female adult
It is different larger, ovum amount by 2000/female to 8331/it is female, but between four temperature studied emerging adult egg laying amount
Without significant difference.
The development duration of huge furuncle bat chrysalis is influenced by temperature substantially（It is shown in Table 4）, when temperature is increased to 25 DEG C by 16 DEG C,
Pupa goes through the phase and also shortened intimate half the time to 34.4 days by 60.3 days.Therefore, by controlling temperature pupa time can be made to shorten or prolong
It is long.
Note："-", which represents to have no at this temperature, pupates.
Analysis learns that under the conditions of 19 DEG C and 22 DEG C, huge furuncle bat moth larvae survival rate, percentage of pupation and eclosion rate are all more than
Of a relatively high, pupa time is shorter, and the significant difference between other temperature, is larva and optimal temperature conditions that pupa grows.
Meanwhile 22 DEG C of than 19 DEG C pupa time of pupa time are short 10 days, therefore, according to being actually needed, can set the storage temperature of pupa and make pupa time
Shorten or extend, especially female adult can lay eggs on the day of sprouting wings, to improve the rate of fertilization of ovum, when depositing pupa for 19 DEG C~22 DEG C,
It is necessary the male pupa storage temperature pupated on the same day being higher than female 1~2 DEG C of pupa.
The influence that 2.3 DIFFERENT FEED formulas grow to huge furuncle bat moth
DIFFERENT FEED formula the results are shown in Table 5 to huge furuncle bat moth eclosion rate, it can be seen that several feeds of the invention can raise
Huge furuncle bat moth, the carrot group of survival rate of larvae relatively control is high, is by high order on earth：Feed I=Feed II>Feed II I>
Feed IV>Control group（Carrot）.
Meanwhile from table 5 it can also be seen that several man-made feeds for developing of the present invention are raised after huge furuncle bat moth larvae pupates, pupa plumage
Rate is above or approached with control group carrot.
Based on the above effects（Weighed with composite index）, several feed formulas raise huge furuncle bat moth, and effect is most preferably matched somebody with somebody
Square II, formula III take second place, and be formulated I and formula IV it is although relatively low, it is also substantially higher than control group carrot.
Influence of 2.4 DIFFERENT FEEDs to huge furuncle bat moth egg amount
6 are the results are shown in Table, compares the pupa of the pupa of larvaization, the pupa of field acquisition and carrot control group that each feed is raised,
After emergence, the egg laying amount interindividual variation of female adult is larger, is without significant difference, the descending order of egg laying amount between each group:Raise
Expect I>Feed IV>Feed II I>Control, field, Feed II.
Note：Lowercase is identical after data, represents to examine through Duncan ' s, difference is not notable in 0.05 level.
As can be seen that several man-made feeds formulas, disclosure satisfy that the normal growth and development needs of larva, man-made feeds quality
It is moderate, be advantageous to larva brill moth feeding, and corruption is not easy, reduce and often change injury of the feed to polypide, either larva is deposited
Motility rate, percentage of pupation and eclosion rate are significantly better than carrot control group, the egg laying amount of the huge furuncle bat moth of different formulations foodstuff raising
It is higher than or close with compareing.The labor workload for frequently changing feed is more importantly greatly reduced, time saving and energy saving saving of labor saves
Money.
2.5 artificial feeding pest species and its preventing and treating
Found in the feeding process of huge furuncle bat moth, muscardine and acarid are the main diseases and insect pests during artificial feeding, wherein in vain
Stiff bacterium is the main factor for causing larva and pupa death, and propagation and speed of catching an illness are fast, is that prevention is most needed in breeding process
Natural enemy.During the artificial feeding disposed within of larva that field is excavated, if take effective prophylactico-therapeutic measures to have infection muscardine rate
Significantly affect（It is shown in Table 7）, it is sterile-processed after the parasitic rate of muscardine be reduced to 4% by 25%, after processing the parasitic rate of acarid by
50% is reduced to 19%.When acarid is more by feeding or cleaning, because vessel, tweezers or foodstuff carry and parasitize on polypide.
Note：Carrot is raised, and the feeding time under two processing is 45d.
For above-mentioned pest and disease damage and lethal factor, the main prophylactico-therapeutic measures taken has：
（1）Sterilized water will be used by providing the humidifier of humidity, avoid pollution of the miscellaneous bacteria to air in climate box in steam.Humidifier
Also often to clean, reduce mould in bottom tub and connection growth cabinet breather pipe growth.
（2）Feed is changed in time and changes blake bottle.Substituting feed such as carrot will ensure to change once for every 3 days, artificial to raise
Expect to change once for every 20 days, while clear up the excrement of larva, reduce the growth of germ etc..Aseptically to enter during operation
OK, including fold up the tweezers of feed, the cutter of cutting carrot is intended to ensure that cleaning is clean.As find to have insect infection or it is dead will and
When connect bottle removal, and the processing that carried out disinfection to the climate box.
（3）Timing sterilization.Due to the often switch climate box such as observing or operating, easily pathogenic bacteria in air and will
Acarid is brought into vessel, therefore every 20 days, climate box is sterilized, the dilute solution of 84 thimerosals may be selected in thimerosal（Dilution 20
Times）.
Embodiment two
（One）Method：
The observation discriminating conduct of 1.1 female, male moths
Huge furuncle bat chrysalis is taken, is put under stereoscope, observes the morphological feature of abdomen end, and numbering of taking pictures.It is different by form, will
Pupa is divided into different type.Sprout wings to pupa, according to the sex of emerging adult, retrodict the sex for confirming pupa.
Pupa is directly placed into sky tissue culture bottle, or prepares 2.5% agar（Containing 0.4% preservative）Mixture pours into tissue culture
Bottle, then pupa is put into bottle, it is capped ventilating cover；Before treating that pupa is sprouted wings, when body colour becomes dark brown, pupa is moved into empty tissue culture bottle, under pupa
Pad puts clean filter paper, and the upward side wrinkle of filter paper get up to supply the adult of emergence to seek connections with.Relative humidity 80 ± 2%, temperature 19~22
℃。
1.2 seek a spouse mating condition：Male and female each one or female two hero are pressed by the firm emergence of single head raising, with age in days adult
Breeding observing is mated, ensures all virgin moths.Worm cage is divided into three types：Type A, top is gauze, periphery has three faces to be
Gauze, it is simultaneously plastic sheeting, in the imago cage for inside there are bottled fresh host plant smalt branches and leaves, is stopped for adult suspension, be living
Move, seek a spouse and mate and oviposit；Type B, worm cage and type A are same, but do not have smalt branches and leaves；Type C, worm cage top portion are plastic sheeting
Or glass, surrounding are gauze.Temperature conditionss are 23~25 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80 ± 2%, photoperiod 12L:12D.Using
Night infrared video camera（Lay coloured silk HD-A210）Shooting records the mating behavior at its night, the female male worm mating whole story of record each pair
Time and the number of mating, altogether 30 cage.
（Two）As a result with analysis
The identification of 2.1 female, male pupas
The diagnostic characteristics of female, male pupa：Female pupa is shown in accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 3, and one article of middle cross band that the 7th uromere outside of belly is made up of furcella is wavy
Bending is obvious, followed by the smooth " V " shape striped in a centre, is connected to the central black longitudinal crevasse of the 8th uromere outside of belly；Lobe
Seam both sides send " eight " shape line, the black burr clump in the outside of connection two.Longitudinal crevasse both sides are flat, no projection, between being stitched with anal fissure
Distance be noticeably greater than male pupa.
Male pupa is shown in accompanying drawing 2, Fig. 4, and one article of wavy middle cross band bending of the 7th uromere outside of belly is obvious, thereafter have a black
The straight cross band of burr；8th uromere center free from flaw, two outside lefts similar to female respectively have one clump of black burr；9th uromere
There is a black longitudinal crevasse in center rearward, and respectively there is an ovate strumae on both sides；Longitudinal crevasse and anal fissure seam distance are near.
2.2 mating behavior results
As a result finding, type A worm cages, top is gauze, and adds fresh-keeping smalt branches and leaves, adult mating success rate highest,
Up to 60.12%；And type B worm cage, top are gauze, smalt branches and leaves, adult mating success rate only up to 35.29% are not added with；Class
Type C worm cages, top are plastic sheeting or glass, and adult fails mating.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rearing method of bat moth, it is characterised in that including following condition：
（1）Larva Artificial feeding conditions：8~23 DEG C of temperature；Relative humidity 75~85%；Humidified using sterilized water；Full dark situation；
Man-made feeds are prepared, change a feed within 20~30 days；Single head worm is raised in tissue culture bottle；
（2）The storage condition of pupa：The envionmental humidity of storage pupa is arranged to 78~82%, 16~22 DEG C of temperature, will change on the same day
Female, the male pupa of pupa is positioned at different temperature, and the temperature of male pupa is higher than female 1~2 DEG C of pupa；Pupa is placed directly on sky tissue culture bottle
In, or agar mixture is prepared in tissue culture bottle, or filter paper is lined with tissue culture bottle, pupa is moved into bottle, is capped ventilating cover；Treat plumage
Before change, when the body colour of pupa becomes dark brown by brown, pupa is moved into and is lined with clean filter paper tissue culture bottle, the upward side wrinkle of filter paper rise
To supply the adult to sprout wings to seek connections with；
Agar containing mass percent 2~3.5% in the agar mixture, 0.3~0.5% preservative, Yu Weishui；
The preservative be sorbic acid, benzoic acid, to hydroxy-methylbenzene, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, calcium propionate, sodium propionate, to hydroxyl
At least one of yl benzoic acid methyl esters, dehydroactic acid, sodium Diacetate, nitrate, nitrite, sodium lactate, sodium propionate；
（3）Adult mating enviromental conditions for spawning：By female, the male imago of emergence be positioned over top for gauze, interior there is bottled fresh host to plant
In the imago cage of thing smalt branches and leaves, stop, activity, seek a spouse and mate and oviposit for adult suspension；Temperature conditionss are 23~25 DEG C, phase
It is 65%~80% to humidity, the photoperiod is (11-13) L:(13-11)D；
（4）Feeding environment is disinfected：When changing feed every time, environment is cleared up, dilutes 20~100 times of liquid with 84 thimerosals,
Spray and thorough disinfection processing feeding environment, close the door stifling half an hour, then open the door 10~15 minutes and allow after odor dispersion, by
The tissue culture bottle equipped with larva for changing feed moves into.
2. the rearing method of bat moth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the（1）In condition, artificial feeding temperature
For 19~22 DEG C.
3. the rearing method of bat moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the diagnostic characteristics of female, male pupa：
One article of middle cross band wave sigmoid that the female uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is made up of furcella is obvious, followed by the smooth " V " shape in a centre
Striped, it is connected with a black longitudinal crevasse in the 8th uromere outside of belly center；Longitudinal crevasse both sides send " eight " shape line, connection this section outside
Two black burr clumps；Longitudinal crevasse both sides are flat, no projection, and the distance between anal fissure seam is noticeably greater than male pupa；
One article of wavy middle cross band bending that the male uromere outside of belly of pupa the 7th is made up of furcella is obvious, followed by a straight cross band, by black
Color burr is formed；Respectively there is one clump of black burr at 8th uromere center free from flaw, the outside of this section two position similar to female；9th abdomen
There is a black longitudinal crevasse in section center rearward, and respectively there is an ovate strumae on both sides；Longitudinal crevasse and the more female pupa of anal fissure seam distance
Closely.
4. the rearing method of bat moth according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the larvae feeds formula of bat moth,
Include the raw material of following weight proportion：20~40g of smalt powder, 0~30g of carrot meal, 50~70g of analysis for soybean powder, corn flour 30~
20~40g of 50g, oatmeal or wheat bran, 10~30g of yeast, 2~6g of vitamin, 2~4g of cholesterol, 30~50g of agar, water 900
~1200mL, 4~6g of preservative.
5. the rearing method of bat moth according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in the larvae feeds formula of bat moth,
The preservative is sorbic acid, benzoic acid, to hydroxy-methylbenzene, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, calcium propionate, sodium propionate, para hydroxybenzene
At least one of methyl formate, dehydroactic acid, sodium Diacetate, nitrate, nitrite, sodium lactate, sodium propionate.
6. the rearing method of the bat moth according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the larvae feeds formula of bat moth
In, the acquisition methods of the smalt powder：Manyflower glorybower root, stem or/and leaf, naturally dry are taken, pulverizer crushes；Or fresh material crushes
After dry or dry.
7. the rearing method of the bat moth according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the larvae feeds formula of bat moth
In, the yeast is yeast extract, dusty yeast, torula or dry ferment.
8. the rearing method of the bat moth according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the larvae feeds formula of bat moth
In, the vitamin is vitamin C, B B-complex or 21 Jin Weita.
9. the rearing method of the bat moth according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the larvae feeds formula of bat moth
In, the water is distilled water, running water, mineral water, pure water or distilled water.
10. the rearing method of the bat moth according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the preparation of bat moth larvae feed
Method, comprise the following steps：
1. weigh or measure：20~40g of smalt powder, 0~30g of carrot meal, 50~70g of analysis for soybean powder, 30~50g of corn flour, swallow
20~40g of oatmeal or wheat bran, 10~30g of yeast, 2~6g of vitamin, 2~4g of cholesterol, 30~50g of agar, water 900~
1200mL, 4~6g of preservative；
2. load weighted smalt powder, carrot meal, analysis for soybean powder, corn flour, vitamin, yeast, oatmeal or wheat bran are mixed, add
Enter the part water of step 1. middle weighing, stir, into pasty state；
3. containing remaining water with beaker, heating, load weighted agar, cholesterol and preservative are added, uniform stirring is until completely molten
Solution；
4. by step 2. in be tuned into pasty state mixture pour into step 3. gained mixture in, stir；
5. mixture is poured into tissue culture bottle while hot, height about 2~4cm, placing 2~3min makes cooling, adds ventilating cover in time,
It is standby.
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