CN107532653A - 隔离断开器 - Google Patents

隔离断开器 Download PDF

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CN107532653A
CN107532653A CN201680022222.0A CN201680022222A CN107532653A CN 107532653 A CN107532653 A CN 107532653A CN 201680022222 A CN201680022222 A CN 201680022222A CN 107532653 A CN107532653 A CN 107532653A
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CN107532653B (zh
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A·塞科
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32Friction members
    • F16H55/36Pulleys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/12Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted for accumulation of energy to absorb shocks or vibration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/20Freewheels or freewheel clutches with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band
    • F16D41/206Freewheels or freewheel clutches with expandable or contractable clamping ring or band having axially adjacent coils, e.g. helical wrap-springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/72Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members with axially-spaced attachments to the coupling parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32Friction members
    • F16H55/36Pulleys
    • F16H2055/366Pulleys with means providing resilience or vibration damping

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

一种隔离断开器,其包括:轴;带轮,其被轴颈连接到所述轴并且具有带承载表面,所述带承载表面具有不大于2A的量球直径;单向离合器,其安装到所述轴;离合器承载部,其安装到所述单向离合器;扭转弹簧,其接合在所述离合器承载部和所述带轮之间,所述扭转弹簧能够在解绕方向上加载,所述扭转弹簧的直径不小于2B,并且所述扭转弹簧的直径2B大于带承载表面的量球直径2A。

Description

隔离断开器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔离断开器,并且更加特别地涉及一种具有扭转弹簧的隔离断开器,所述扭转弹簧的直径大于带承载表面的直径。
背景技术
本发明涉及一种交流发电机调谐装置,特别地涉及一种隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器使用扭转弹簧来隔离。隔离断开器调谐装置的功能和效用众所周知。典型的装置包括多个部件,所述多个部件包括隔离弹簧、单向离合器、轴承(多个轴承)、带轮和其它辅助零件。对这些部件中的每一个的需要通常要求装置的总直径超过行业要求。汽车发动机尺寸逐渐缩减以及燃油经济性不断增长的需求表明隔离断开器的直径可能是发动机研发的限制因素。
在带轮和扭转弹簧之间存在尺寸限制关系。在现有技术装置中,扭转弹簧通常径向“堆叠”布置在轴和带轮之间。这种布置方案往往根据扭转弹簧的弹簧刚度来增加带轮直径。
US 6,083,130作为代表性技术,其公开了一种用于汽车的蛇形带驱动系统,所述蛇形带驱动系统包括驱动组件,所述驱动组件包括具有输出轴的内燃机,所述输出轴在其上具有驱动带轮,所述驱动带轮能够围绕驱动带轮的轴线旋转。一系列从动组件各具有:从动带轮,所述从动带轮能够围绕与驱动带轮的轴线平行的轴线旋转;和蛇形带,所述蛇形带按顺序与驱动带轮和从动带轮配合地安装,以便致使所述从动带轮响应驱动带轮的旋转而旋转,当与带的移动的方向有关时所述顺序对应于从动组件的顺序。一系列从动组件包括交流发电机组件,所述交流发电机组件包括交流发电机轴,所述交流发电机轴安装成围绕所述轴的轴线旋转。毂结构由交流发电机轴固定地承载,用于与所述交流发电机轴一起围绕所述轴的轴线旋转。弹簧和单向离合器机构将交流发电机带轮与毂结构联接。弹簧和单向离合器机构包括弹性弹簧构件,所述弹性弹簧构件与单向离合器构件分开地形成并且所述弹性弹簧构件与所述单向离合器构件串联连接。弹性弹簧构件构造并且布置成通过蛇形带将交流发电机带轮的从动旋转运动传递到毂结构,使得交流发电机轴在与交流发电机带轮的方向相同的方向上旋转,而与此同时所述交流发电机轴能够在交流发电机带轮的从动旋转运动期间相对于所述交流发电机带轮在相反方向上瞬时相对弹性运动。单向离合器构件构造并且布置成允许毂结构,并且因此在发动机输出轴速度减速至足以以预定的负电平建立交流发电机带轮和毂结构之间的转矩时,允许交流发电机轴以超过交流发电机带轮的转速的速度旋转。
所需要的是一种隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器具有扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧的直径大于带承载表面的直径,本发明满足了该需求。
发明内容
本发明的主要方面是一种隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器具有扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧的直径大于带承载表面的直径。
本发明的其它方面将通过对本发明的描述以及附图而被指出或变得显而易见。
本发明包括隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器包括:轴;带轮,所述带轮被轴颈连接到轴并且具有带承载表面,所述带承载表面具有不大于2A的量球直径;单向离合器,所述单向离合器安装到轴;离合器承载部,所述离合器承载部安装到单向离合器;扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧接合在离合器承载部和带轮之间,所述扭转弹簧能够在解绕方向上加载,所述扭转弹簧的直径不小于2B,扭转弹簧直径2B大于带承载表面量球直径2A。
附图说明
结合到说明书中并且形成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的优选实施例,并且连同描述用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是横截面透视图;
图2是横截面视图;
图3是分解视图;
图4是发动机带驱动系统的图;
图5是弹簧的局部横截面视图;
图6是弹簧组件的局部分解视图。
具体实施方式
图1是横截面透视图。本发明的隔离断开器装置14包括:带轮4、轴承2和轴承5、扭转弹簧3、单向离合器7、轴1、推力衬套6、离合器承载部9、弹簧保持器8和挡油圈10。
带轮4在轴承2上被轴颈连接到轴1。弹簧保持器8在轴承5上被轴颈连接到轴1。弹簧保持器8被压配合到带轮4中,因此带轮4在轴承2和轴承5上被轴颈连接到轴1。扭转弹簧3整体被包含在带轮部分42内。部分42朝向轴1凹陷。部分42轴向毗邻带承载表面41。带30接合带承载表面41。
离合器承载部9被安装到单向离合器7。单向离合器7被安装到轴1。推力衬套6布置在带轮4和离合器承载部9之间。单向离合器7将离合器承载部9轴向地定位在轴1上。带轮4轴向地位于轴承2和推力衬套6之间。
弹簧3接合在离合器承载部9和弹簧保持器8之间。端部31接合离合器承载部9而端部32接合弹簧保持器8。
从动交流发电机拥有显著的惯性。在超限状况下或者在发动机速度减小期间,交流发电机轴120由于惯性将尝试比带所驱动的旋转更快的旋转,实际上通过曲轴驱动发动机。这是不理想的。为了避免该问题,单向离合器7将暂时脱离接合,从而允许交流发电机轴120以其自身速率旋转减慢。随着轴120的旋转速度减小至带输入的速度,单向离合器7将再次接合。
在操作中,将转矩从带轮4传递到弹簧保持器8,通过扭转弹簧3传递到离合器承载部9,再传递到单向离合器7并且传递到轴1。该装置中的单向离合器7可以是任何已知种类,例如,滚柱型或者楔块式。
图2是横截面视图。该装置的发明方面涉及扭转弹簧3相对于带轮4的位置。由于装置上的轴向长度限制,弹簧3通常布置在轴1和带承载表面41之间。在本发明装置中,弹簧3没有布置在带承载表面41和轴1之间,从而允许改善的部件包装和用于带承载表面41的更小的量球直径。替代地,弹簧3轴向毗邻带承载表面。弹簧3和带承载表面41没有轴向重叠。
在本领域中已知的是使用称作“量球直径”的方法测量带轮直径。在本说明书中这还可以称作量球半径。对于描述,参见用于V型有肋带和带轮的SAE表面车辆标准J1459的段落4.1。
扭转弹簧3的半径B大于带轮4的带承载表面41的量球半径A。表面41的直径(2×半径A)不大于2A。在松弛状态中,扭转弹簧3包括圆柱形式,因此扭转弹簧3的直径沿着轴向方向X-X恒定。扭转弹簧3的圆柱形式的整体包括不小于2B的内直径(ID)。扭转弹簧3的整体位于带轮带承载表面41的径向外部,原因在于B>A。这允许带轮带承载表面量球直径2A的大小如用户应用所要求的那样小。因为弹簧3沿着其整个长度具有一致的直径2B而不是从轴径向朝外地螺旋盘绕,所以这还允许对装置的设计和操作特征进行更大程度的控制。这还导致本发明装置的总直径D通常小于使用从毂径向朝外螺旋盘绕的弹簧的装置的总直径。对于现有技术示例而言,见US 6,083,130的图13A,其公开了一种扭转金属丝弹簧,所述扭转金属丝弹簧具有圆形横截面构造并且围绕环形毂螺旋地缠绕。弹簧的径向内端部以任意传统方式被固定到毂。扭转弹簧的径向外端部部分固定到承载部板,所述承载部板位于弹簧的径向外部。
通过示例的方式,针对表面41的带轮带承载表面量球直径A可以小至45mm。关于旋转轴线X-X各自测量“A”和“B”。在替代实施例中,B≥A。
本发明装置的其它特征是扭转弹簧3的弹簧刚度。弹簧刚度值通常处于大约0.24Nm/度至大约0.45Nm/度的范围内。在解绕加载实施中使用的扭转弹簧3可以具有以下特征:
标称直径=ID=51.5mm=2B
金属丝宽度=4.0mm
金属丝高度=5.48mm
弹簧长度=16mm至26mm
弹簧刚度=0.24Nm/度至0.45Nm/度
这些数值仅仅为示例而不旨在限制本发明的范围。解绕加载指的是在解绕方向上加载扭转弹簧3,因此在装置使用中传递转矩时随着加载弹簧线圈,弹簧线圈径向地膨胀。
使用所提到的弹簧3的装置的端部至端部的长度将能够被大多数应用接受。扭转弹簧3从带承载表面41轴向移位致使装置的轴向长度在x2方向上延伸。如果需要,部分42内的轴向空间能够容纳具有更大弹簧刚度的扭转弹簧。在针对所期望数量的线圈需要更大的给定直径的情况下,所述部分还能够容纳具有更大的金属丝总长度的扭转弹簧。
图3是分解视图。压配合到轴1的挡油圈10用于从装置排出碎屑。表面41容纳多肋带。
图4是发动机带驱动系统的图。在这个示例布置方案中,多肋带30在用于动力转向泵20、水泵22、发动机曲轴24、交流发电机12和空调压缩机18的带轮之间被牵拉。张紧器28保持作用在带30上的预负载,以便避免带滑动。惰轮16还按路径引导带30并且确保所述带与发明装置14上的带轮以及与带轮24的适当接合。隔离断开器14附接到交流发电机12的轴120。除了特定的本发明装置14之外的所述部件包括如可以在大多数车辆发动机上发现的典型辅助驱动系统。辅助驱动器包括各种已知的发动机和车辆系统,所述已知的车辆系统包括冷却装置、空调、用于转向的电子和液压装置。
曲轴24驱动带30,这继而驱动交流发电机12和其它辅助设施。辅助设施中的每个通常安装到车辆内燃机(未示出)的前部。在超限状况下或者在发动机减速期间,本发明装置14将使得交流发电机与辅助驱动系统脱离接合。
图5是弹簧的局部横截面视图。弹簧3包括端部31和端部32。端部31接合离合器承载部9中的接收部分91。端部32接合弹簧保持器8中的接收部分81。这将弹簧的每个端部锁定地接合到离合器承载部和弹簧保持器。每个端部31、32的锁定接合允许在卷绕方向或者解绕方向中的任意一个方向上加载。
图6是弹簧组件的局部分解视图。弹簧3被包含在离合器承载部9和弹簧保持器8之间。
尽管本文中已经描述了本发明的形式,但是对那些本领域技术人员将显而易见的是,在不背离本文中所描述的本发明的精神和范围的前提下可以对零件的构造和关系进行改变。

Claims (9)

1.一种隔离断开器,其包括:
轴(1);
带轮(4),所述带轮被轴颈连接到所述轴并且具有带承载表面(41),所述带承载表面具有不大于2A的量球直径;
单向离合器(7),所述单向离合器安装到所述轴;
离合器承载部(9),所述离合器承载部安装到所述单向离合器;
扭转弹簧(3),所述扭转弹簧接合在所述离合器承载部和所述带轮之间,所述扭转弹簧能够在解绕方向上加载;
所述扭转弹簧的直径不小于2B;并且
所述扭转弹簧的直径2B大于带承载表面的量球直径2A。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器安装到从动装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隔离断开器,其中,所述扭转弹簧的直径沿着轴向长度是恒定的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔离断开器,其中,所述带轮还包括凹陷部分,所述凹陷部分毗邻所述带承载表面布置,用于接收所述扭转弹簧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隔离断开器,其中,所述带承载表面包括多肋的表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隔离断开器,其中,所述扭转弹簧还包括第一端部和第二端部,用于锁定地接合所述离合器承载部和所述轴。
7.一种带驱动系统,其包括:
隔离断开器,所述隔离断开器包括:
轴;
带轮,所述带轮被轴颈连接到所述轴并且具有带轮带承载表面,所述带轮带承载表面具有不大于2A的量球直径;
单向离合器,所述单向离合器安装到所述轴;
离合器承载部,所述离合器承载部安装到所述单向离合器;
扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧接合在所述离合器承载部和所述带轮之间,所述扭转弹簧能够在解绕方向上加载;
所述扭转弹簧直径不小于2B;并且
所述扭转弹簧的直径2B大于带轮带承载表面的量球直径2A;
所述隔离断开器被安装到从动负载;并且
所述从动负载由带驱动。
8.一种隔离断开器,其包括:
轴;
带轮,所述带轮被轴颈连接到所述轴并且具有带承载表面,所述带承载表面具有不大于2A的量球直径;
单向离合器,所述单向离合器安装到所述轴;
离合器承载部,所述离合器承载部安装到所述单向离合器;
扭转弹簧,所述扭转弹簧接合在所述离合器承载部和所述带轮之间;
所述带轮包括毗邻所述带承载表面布置的部分,用于接收所述扭转弹簧;
所述扭转弹簧具有不小于2B的恒定直径;并且
所述扭转弹簧的直径2B大于所述带承载表面的量球直径2A。
9.根据权利要求8所述的隔离断开器,其中:
所述扭转弹簧还包括:第一端部,所述第一端部用于锁定地接合所述离合器承载部;和第二端部,所述第二端部用于锁定地接合所述轴。
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