CN107532649B - 多层滑动构件和使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置 - Google Patents

多层滑动构件和使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置 Download PDF

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CN107532649B
CN107532649B CN201680023516.5A CN201680023516A CN107532649B CN 107532649 B CN107532649 B CN 107532649B CN 201680023516 A CN201680023516 A CN 201680023516A CN 107532649 B CN107532649 B CN 107532649B
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rack
layer
back plate
mass
metaphosphate
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CN107532649A (zh
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前田卓也
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Oyles Industrial Co ltd
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Oyles Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多层滑动构件(滑动板片21)和具备该多层滑动构件(滑动板片21)的齿条小齿轮式转向装置(1)，所述多层滑动构件(滑动板片21)具备背板(31)、形成于该背板(31)一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层(32)、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层(32)的孔隙和表面上且包含四氟乙烯树脂和10～40质量％的偏磷酸金属盐的被覆层(33)。

Description

多层滑动构件和使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮式转 向装置
技术领域
本发明涉及摩擦磨耗特性优异的多层滑动构件和使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮(日文：ラックピニオン)式转向装置。
背景技术
由钢板构成的背板、形成于该背板一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层的孔隙和表面上的被覆层所构成的多层滑动构件(参照专利文件1至3)以使被覆层为内侧而卷成圆筒状的所谓卷套(日文：巻きブッシュ)的形态、或者滑动板的形态被广泛用于以能够顺滑且自由滑动的方式支撑各种机械装置中的转轴或往复运动物体的支承手段、或者以能够顺滑且自由滑动的方式支撑汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置中的齿条带的齿条引导件(参照专利文献4)中。
虽然在该多层滑动构件的被覆层中广泛使用了具有耐化学性和耐热性的四氟乙烯树脂(以下称为PTFE)，但是由PTFE单独构成的被覆层的耐磨耗性和耐负荷性差，因此，根据多层滑动构件的使用用途而向被覆层中添加各种添加剂，以弥补PTFE本身的缺点。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利特公昭39-16950号公报
专利文献2：日本专利特开平8-41484号公报
专利文献3：日本专利特公昭61-52322号公报
专利文献4：日本专利实公平1-27495号公报
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题
用于各种用途的多层滑动构件中，作为专利文件1中所记载的添加剂的铅或铅的氧化物是有害环境的物质，因此从环境污染、公害等观点考虑，目前的情况是不得不放弃使用这些物质，而作为专利文件2中所记载的添加剂的磷酸盐和硫酸钡、硅酸镁和云母、以及铅、锡、铅锡合金以及这些物质的混合物、以及作为专利文件3中所记载的添加剂的四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚树脂由于耐负荷性和耐磨耗性的问题而难以适用于汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置中的齿条引导件。
本发明是鉴于以上各个方面而完成的发明，其目的在于提供耐负荷性和耐磨耗性优异的多层滑动构件、以及使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本发明的多层滑动构件具备背板、形成于该背板一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层的孔隙和表面上且包含PTFE和10～40质量％的偏磷酸金属盐的被覆层。
本发明的多层滑动构件的被覆层中，作为主成分的PTFE优选主要使用用于成型用途的铸模粉末或细粉末的PTFE，作为铸模粉末用PTFE的优选例，可例举三井杜邦氟化学株式会社(三井デュポンフロロケミカル社)制造的“特氟龙(テフロン，注册商标)7-J(商品名)”、“特氟龙(注册商标)70-J(商品名)”等、大金工业株式会社(ダイキン工業社)制造的“Polyflon(ポリフロン，注册商标)M-12(商品名)”等、旭硝子株式会社(旭硝子社)制造的“Fluon(フルオン，注册商标)G163(商品名)”、“Fluon(注册商标)G190(商品名)”等，另一方面，作为细粉末用PTFE的优选例，可例举三井杜邦氟化学株式会社制造的“特氟龙(注册商标)6CJ(商品名)”等、大金工业株式会社制造的“Polyflon(注册商标)F201(商品名)”等、旭硝子株式会社制造的“Fluon(注册商标)CD097E(商品名)”等。
形成被覆层的PTFE的掺合量优选为50质量％以上，更优选为50～75质量％。
相对于作为形成被覆层的主成分的PTFE，作为添加剂的偏磷酸金属盐自身并不是如石墨或二硫化钼等固体润滑剂那样的展现出润滑性的物质，但除了成为主成分的PTFE以外将偏磷酸金属盐掺合入被覆层中，能够有效发挥消除单独使用PTFE时耐磨耗性和耐负荷性差的缺点、有助于提高在与对象材料的滑动中向对象材料表面(滑动面)进行的PTFE润滑被膜的造膜性、在提高初期浸润性的同时提高耐磨耗性和耐负荷性。
本发明中，偏磷酸金属盐优选含有偏磷酸铝[Al(PO3)3]、偏磷酸钙[Ca(PO3)2]、偏磷酸锂[LiPO3]和偏磷酸镁[Mg(PO3)2]中的至少一种。该偏磷酸金属盐在被覆层中的掺合量为10～40质量％，优选为20～40质量％，更优选为20～30质量％。在偏磷酸金属盐在被覆层中的掺合量不足10质量％的情况下，无法发挥上述效果，而如果超过40质量％，向对象材料表面的PTFE润滑被膜的造膜量过多，反而会使耐磨耗性降低。
本发明中，以进一步提高低摩擦性和耐磨耗性为目的，被覆层可以进一步含有3～20质量％的作为其他添加剂的耐热性树脂，该耐热性树脂可以含有聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、芳族聚酰胺树脂、芳族聚酯树脂和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)中的至少一种。
作为聚酰亚胺树脂，可以是热固性聚酰亚胺树脂或热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂中的任一种，但是采用通过缩合反应或加成反应形成三维网眼结构并固化的热固性聚酰亚胺树脂，能够得到优异的滑动构件，因而优选，作为热固化性聚酰亚胺树脂的优选例，可例举例如汽巴-嘉基公司(チバガイギー社)制造的“Bismaleimide(ビスマレイミド，商品名)”、宇部兴产株式会社(宇部興産社)制造的“UIP-R、-S(商品名)”、Ranging公司(レンジング社)制造的“P84(商品名)”等，另外，作为热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂的优选例，可例举三井化学株式会社(三井化学社)制造的“Aurum(オーラム，商品名)”。
作为聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂的优选例，可例举索尔维先进聚合物公司(ソルベイアドバンストポリマーズ社)制造的“Torlon(トーロン，注册商标)”。
作为芳族聚酰胺树脂的优选例，可例举间位型的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(日文：ポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド)树脂、对位型的聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(日文：ポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド)、以及共聚对亚苯基·3,4'-氧基二亚苯基·对苯二甲酰胺(日文：コポリパラフェニレン·3，4’-オキシジフェニレン·テレフタルアミド)树脂，作为间位型的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺树脂的优选例，可例举帝人株式会社(帝人社)制造的“Conex(コーネックス，商品名)”、杜邦公司(デュポン社)制造的“Nomex(ノーメックス，商品名)”。作为对位型的聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺树脂的优选例，可例举杜邦公司制造的“Kevlar(ケブラー，商品名)”、帝人·TOWARON株式会社(テイジン·トワロン社)制造的“Towaron(トワロン，商品名)”，作为共聚对亚苯基·3,4'-氧基二亚苯基·对苯二甲酰胺的优选例，可例举帝人株式会社制造的“Technora(テクノーラ，商品名)”。这些芳族聚酰胺树脂可以粉末形态使用。
芳族聚酯树脂可使用具有以化学式1表示的重复单元的氧基苯甲酰基聚酯(日文：オキシベンゾイルポリエステル)，即对羟基苯甲酸的单独聚合物(均聚物)、以及对羟基苯甲酸与芳族二羧酸和芳族二醇的共同聚合物(共聚物)，特别优选使用对羟基苯甲酸的均聚物。这些树脂的晶体结构成板状晶体结构，自润滑性优异。作为芳族聚酯树脂的优选例，可例举住友化学株式会社(住友化学社)制造的“SumikaSuper(スミカスーパー)E101S(商品名)”，该芳族聚酯树脂可以粉末形态使用。
[化1]
Figure GDA0002399741540000041
作为聚醚醚酮树脂(PEEK)的优选例，可例举威格斯公司(ビクトレックス社)制造的“PEEK-150PF、450PF”等。
含有聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、芳族聚酰胺树脂、芳族聚酯树脂和聚醚醚酮中的至少一种的耐热性树脂能够发挥增强被覆层的低摩擦性和耐磨耗性的效果。耐热性树脂的掺合量优选为3～20质量％，更优选为5～15质量％。在掺合量不足3质量％的场合下，未发现提高耐磨耗性的效果，另外，在掺合量超过20质量％的场合下，不仅对被覆层的成形性产生负面影响，还有导致被覆层强度降低之虞。这些耐热性树脂中所使用的粉末的平均粒径为3～100μm，优选为5～50μm。在平均粒径超过100μm或不足3μm的情况下，缺乏负荷分担能力，存在无法获得充分的耐负荷性、耐磨耗性和低摩擦性之虞。
本发明的齿条小齿轮式转向装置具备齿轮箱、以自由旋转的方式受到该齿轮箱支承的小齿轮(日文：ピニオン)、形成有与该小齿轮啮合的齿条齿的齿条带、以自由滑动的方式支承该齿条带的齿条引导件、以及将该齿条引导件向齿条带按压的弹簧，齿条引导件具备具有与齿轮箱的筒状内周面以自由滑动的方式相接的筒状外周面的齿条引导件基体、以及利用背板固定在该齿条引导件基体上的多层滑动构件，且多层滑动构件的被覆层具有与齿条带外周面以自由滑动的方式接触的凹面。
本发明的齿条小齿轮式转向装置中，齿条引导件基体还可具备安置有多层滑动构件背板的圆弧状凹面、形成于该圆弧状凹面底部中央的圆形孔，在该场合下，多层滑动构件具备具有与所述凹面和齿条引导件基体的圆弧状凹面相应形状的凸面的主体、以及在该凸面底部中央处一体地形成于主体上且嵌入齿条引导件基体的孔中的圆筒状中空突出部。
发明的效果
通过本发明，能够提供耐负荷性和耐磨耗特性优异的多层滑动构件和使用该多层滑动构件的汽车齿条小齿轮式转向装置。
附图的简单说明
[图1]图1是本发明一个优选例的多层滑动构件的剖面说明图。
[图2]图2是本发明一个优选例的齿条小齿轮式转向装置的剖面说明图。
[图3]图3是图2所示例子的齿条引导件沿图4所示III-III线观察的剖面说明图。
[图4]图4是图3所示齿条引导件的平面说明图。
具体实施方式
下面，基于图示的优选具体例和实施例对本发明及其实施方式作进一步详细说明。另外，本发明不受这些具体例和实施例的任何限定。
图1至图4中，本具体例的齿条小齿轮式转向装置1具备具有中空部2的铝或铝合金制的齿轮箱3、通过滚动轴承4和5以自由旋转的方式受到齿轮箱3支承的转向轴6、一体地设置于转向轴6的轴端部(小齿轮轴)且在中空部2中通过转向轴6以自由旋转的方式受到齿轮箱3支承的小齿轮7、形成有与小齿轮7啮合的齿条齿8的齿条带9、配置在齿轮箱3的中空部2内且以自由滑动的方式支承齿条带9的齿条引导件10、以及由将齿条引导件10向齿条带9按压的螺旋弹簧构成的弹簧11。
齿轮箱3具有圆筒部12，在相对于转向轴6的轴心为直角的方向上贯通齿轮箱3且在该直角方向上以自由移动的方式配置的齿条带9在与形成有齿条齿8的面相对的背面侧上具有圆弧状的外周面13。
齿条引导件10具备齿条引导件基体19和固定在齿条引导件基体19上的滑动板片20，齿条引导件基体19具有圆弧状凹面14、凹处15、由与凹处15连通且形成于圆弧状凹面14底部中央的贯通孔构成的圆形孔16、以及与圆筒部12的筒状内周面17具有滑动间隙且以自由滑动的方式相接的筒状外周面18，且齿条引导件基体19由铝或铝合金、锌或锌合金、或铁系烧结金属形成，滑动板片20具备具有与圆弧状凹面14相应形状的圆弧状凸面21和与凸面21相应形状的凹面25的圆弧状主体22、一体地形成于主体22上且从凸面21的底部中央向孔16延伸的圆筒状中空突出部23、以及一体地形成于中空突出部23前端的作为增强部的前端封闭部24，滑动板片20以于凸面21处紧密安置于圆弧状凹面14的方式使中空突出部23嵌合于孔16内而固定在齿条引导件基体19中，如图1所示，滑动板片20具有由钢板构成的背板31、一体地形成于背板31表面上的多孔金属烧结层32、以及由填充在多孔金属烧结层32的孔隙中且覆盖于其表面上的合成树脂组合物构成的被覆层(滑动层)33，被覆层33使用含有偏磷酸金属盐10～40质量％或偏磷酸金属盐10～40质量％和耐热性树脂3～20质量％、和四氟乙烯树脂的合成树脂组合物构成的多层滑动构件30，由多层滑动构件30构成的滑动板片20中，以自由滑动的方式接触外周面13从而以自由滑动的方式支承齿条带9的凹面25由被覆层33的表面34构成。
齿条小齿轮式转向装置1中，在相对于转向轴6的轴心为直角方向的V方向上自由移动且通过弹簧11于凹面25处被按压在圆弧状外周面13上的齿条引导件10在沿转向轴6的R方向旋转时，确保齿条齿8对小齿轮7的啮合，并且利用该啮合对齿条带9向相对于转向轴6的轴心为直角的方向(垂直于图2纸面的方向)上的移动进行引导。
下面，对包含由钢板构成的背板31、覆盖形成于背板31一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层32、以及由填充于多孔金属烧结层32的孔隙中且覆盖于其表面上的合成树脂组合物构成的被覆层33的图1所示的多层滑动构件30的制造方法进行说明。
背板31使用钢板，特别优选使用一般构造用的轧制钢板。钢板优选使用卷成圈状作为箍材提供的连续条片，但也不一定限于连续条片，也可使用切断成适当长度的条片。这些条片也可以是根据需要进行了镀铜或镀锡而提高了耐腐蚀性的条片。作为背板的钢板的厚度优选约为0.5～1.5mm。
多孔金属烧结层32通常使用由摩擦磨耗特性优异的青铜、铅青铜或磷青铜等的通过约100目筛网的铜合金粉末等组成的金属粉末，但根据目的，也可使用铜合金粉末以外的例如铝合金、铁等金属粉末。该金属粉末的粒子形态可使用块状、球状或不规则形状的粒子。多孔金属烧结层32中，金属粉末之间、以及金属粉末与铜板等条片之间各自牢固地烧结结合，厚度恒定，且多孔度必须为需要的值。多孔金属烧结层32的厚度约为0.15～0.40mm，其中，优选0.2～0.3mm，多孔度约在10体积％以上，其中，推荐15～40体积％。
在形成被覆层33时，在将PTFE粉末和添加剂粉末混合而得到的混合物中加入石油类溶剂并搅拌混合，得到被赋予了湿润性的合成树脂组合物。PTFE粉末与添加剂粉末的混合、以及该混合物与石油类溶剂的搅拌混合在PTFE的室温转变点(19℃)以下、优选在10～18℃的温度下进行。通过采用该温度条件，能够防止PTFE的纤维化并赋予湿润性，而且，能够得到PTFE粉末、添加剂粉末和石油类溶剂均匀混合的合成树脂组合物。
作为石油类溶剂，除了石脑油、甲苯、二甲苯以外，可使用这些溶剂与脂族类溶剂或环烷类溶剂的混合溶剂。石油类溶剂的使用比例优选相对于PTFE粉末与添加剂粉末的混合物100质量份为15～30质量份。在石油类溶剂的使用比例不足15质量份的场合下，后述含有PTFE粉末和添加剂粉末的合成树脂组合物向多孔金属烧结层32的填充覆盖工序中，被赋予了湿润性的合成树脂组合物的延展性差，其结果是，在合成树脂组合物向多孔金属烧结层32的填充覆盖过程中容易发生不均匀。另一方面，在石油类溶剂的使用比例超过30质量份的场合下，由于合成树脂组合物的粘度降低，不但该填充覆盖作业变得困难，合成树脂组合物对多孔金属烧结层32的覆盖厚度的均匀性也受损，合成树脂组合物与多孔金属烧结层32的密接强度变差。
本发明的多层滑动构件30通过例如以下工序(a)～(d)制得。
工序(a)
在形成于由钢板等构成的背板31的一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层32的表面上散布供给被赋予了湿润性的合成树脂组合物，在用辊进行轧制以将合成树脂组合物充填入多孔金属烧结层32的孔隙中的同时，在多孔金属烧结层32的表面上形成由均一厚度的合成树脂组合物构成的层。该工序中，由合成树脂组合物构成的层的厚度为最终产品所需要的被覆层33的厚度的2～2.2倍。合成树脂组合物向多孔金属烧结层32的孔隙中的填充的大部分在本工序中进行。
工序(b)
将在工序(a)中处理过的具有多孔金属烧结层32和由合成树脂组合物构成的层的背板31在加热至200～250℃温度的干燥炉内保持数分钟，藉此除去石油类溶剂，随后，利用辊以形成规定厚度的条件在29.4～58.8MPa(300～600kgf/cm2)的加压下对干燥了的合成树脂组合物层进行加压辊处理。
工序(c)
将在工序(b)中处理过的具有多孔金属烧结层32和合成树脂组合物的层的背板31导入加热炉中，在360～380℃的温度下加热几分钟至十几分钟进行烧成，随后，将其从炉中取出，再次利用辊处理对尺寸不均匀进行调整。
工序(d)
对在工序(c)中调整过尺寸的具有多孔金属烧结层32和合成树脂组合物的层的背板31进行冷却(空气冷却或自然冷却)，然后根据需要，为了对背板31的波纹形状等进行矫正而进行矫正辊处理，形成所需的多层滑动构件30。
经过工序(a)～(d)得到的多层滑动构件30中，多孔金属烧结层32的厚度为0.10～0.40mm，由合成树脂组合物形成的被覆层33的厚度为0.02～0.15mm。由此得到的多层滑动构件30被切断成合适的尺寸，以平板状态用作滑动板，或者被弯曲成圆形而用作例如滑动板片20或圆筒状的卷套。
实施例1～7
将作为偏磷酸金属盐的偏磷酸镁、偏磷酸铝、偏磷酸钙以及偏磷酸锂中的一种偏磷酸金属盐与作为PTFE的细粉末用PTFE(大金工业株式会社制造的“Polyflon(注册商标)F201(商品名)”)的合成树脂组合物以表2所示的比例供给入亨舍尔混合机(日文：ヘンシェルミキサー)中，进行搅拌混合得到混合物，相对于该混合物100质量份，掺入作为石油类溶剂的脂族类溶剂与环烷类溶剂的混合溶剂(埃克森化学公司(エクソン化学社)制造的“Exxon(エクソール，商品名)”)20质量份，在PTFE的室温转变点以下的温度(15℃)下进行混合，得到具有湿润性的合成树脂组合物。
将所得到的合成树脂组合物散布供给至覆盖形成于作为背板31的钢板(厚度0.7mm)表面上的多孔金属(青铜)烧结层(厚度0.2mm)32的表面，以合成树脂组合物的厚度达到0.25mm的条件用辊进行轧制，得到在多孔金属烧结层32的孔隙和表面上填充覆盖有合成树脂组合物的多层板。将所得到的多层板在200℃的热风干燥炉中保持5分钟以除去溶剂，随后利用辊在39.2MPa(400kgf/cm2)的加压下对干燥后的合成树脂组合物进行轧制，使覆盖于多孔金属烧结层32的表面上的合成树脂组合物的厚度为0.10mm。
然后，在加热炉中以370℃的温度对经过加压处理的多层板进行10分钟的加热烧成，随后进行尺寸调整和波纹形状的矫正，制成多层滑动构件。切断完成矫正的多层滑动构件30，进行弯曲加工，得到半径10.0mm、长度20.0mm、厚度1.0mm的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片。
实施例8～18
对实施例1～7的合成树脂组合物掺入作为追加成分的作为耐热性树脂的热固化性聚酰亚胺树脂(汽巴-嘉基公司制造的“Bismaleimide(商品名)”)、芳族聚酰胺树脂(帝人株式会社制造的“Conex(商品名)”)、芳族聚酯树脂(住友化学株式会社制造的“SumikaSuper E101S(商品名)”)和聚醚醚酮树脂(PEEK)(威格斯公司制造的“PEEK450PF”)，制造表3和表4所示的合成树脂组合物，按照与实施例1～7相同的方法，得到半径10.0mm、长度20.0mm、厚度1.0mm的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片。
比较例1
如表5所示，将与实施例1～18相同的PTFE80质量％和铅粉末20质量％供给入亨舍尔混合机内并进行搅拌混合而得到混合物，相对于该混合物100质量份，掺合与实施例1～18相同的石油类溶剂20质量份，在PTFE的室温转变点以下的温度(15℃)下进行混合，得到合成树脂组合物。然后，按照与实施例1～18相同的方法，得到半径10.0mm、长度20.0mm、厚度1.0mm的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片。
比较例2
如表5所示，将与实施例1～18相同的PTFE 70质量％、作为磷酸盐的磷酸氢钙10质量％和铅粉末20质量％供给入亨舍尔混合机内并进行搅拌混合而得到混合物，相对于该混合物100质量份，掺合与实施例1～18相同的石油类溶剂20质量份，在PTFE的室温转变点以下的温度(15℃)下进行混合，得到合成树脂组合物。然后，按照与实施例1～18相同的方法，得到半径10.0mm、长度20.0mm、厚度1.0mm的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片。
比较例3
如表5所示，将与实施例1～18相同的PTFE 50质量％、作为硫酸钡的过筛(日文：簸性)硫酸钡15质量％、作为硅酸镁的SiO2/MgO为2.2(质量比)的重质硅酸镁15质量％和铅粉末20质量％供给入亨舍尔混合机内并进行搅拌混合而得到混合物，相对于该混合物100质量份，掺合与实施例1～18相同的石油类溶剂20质量份，在PTFE的室温转变点以下的温度(15℃)下进行混合，得到合成树脂组合物。然后，按照与实施例1～18相同的方法，得到半径10.0mm、长度20.0mm、厚度1.0mm的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片。
对于实施例1～18以及比较例1～比较例3得到的半圆筒状多层滑动构件试验片，利用以下试验方法对滑动特性进行评价。
<往复运动滑动试验>
按照表1记载的条件测定摩擦系数和磨耗量。其试验结果示于表2～表5，关于摩擦系数，显示了试验结束时(经过20小时)的静摩擦系数值(上栏)和动摩擦系数值(下栏)，关于磨耗量，显示了试验时间(20小时)结束后的滑动面尺寸变化量。
[表1]
滑动速度 3米/分钟
负荷 200kgf
时间 20小时
冲程 150mm
润滑试验前在滑动面上涂布油脂(协同油脂株式会社(協同油脂社)制造的“Molywhite(モリホワイト，商品名)”)
对象材料高碳铬轴承钢(SUJ2：JISG4805)
[表2]
Figure GDA0002399741540000111
[表3]
Figure GDA0002399741540000121
[表4]
Figure GDA0002399741540000122
[表5]
Figure GDA0002399741540000131
从以上试验结果可知，对实施例1～18的多层滑动构件与比较例1～3的多层滑动构件进行比较，发现在摩擦系数方面，由实施例构成的多层滑动构件展现出静摩擦系数略高的倾向，而动摩擦系数显示为基本相同的数值，在磨耗量方面，实施例的多层滑动构件的磨耗量更小，耐磨耗性更加优异。
符号说明
1 齿条小齿轮式转向装置
3 齿轮箱
6 转向轴
7 小齿轮
9 齿条带
10 齿条引导件
11 弹簧
19 齿条引导件基体
20 滑动板片
30 多层滑动构件
31 背板
32 多孔金属烧结层
33 被覆层。

Claims (6)

1.一种多层滑动构件，其具备背板、形成于该背板一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层的孔隙和表面上的被覆层，
所述被覆层由10～40质量％的偏磷酸金属盐和余量的四氟乙烯树脂形成。
2.一种多层滑动构件，其具备背板、形成于该背板一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层的孔隙和表面上的被覆层，
所述被覆层由10～40质量％的偏磷酸金属盐、3～20质量％的含有热固化性聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、芳族聚酰胺树脂、芳族聚酯树脂和聚醚醚酮中的至少一种的耐热性树脂、和余量的四氟乙烯树脂形成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的多层滑动构件，其特征在于，偏磷酸金属盐含有偏磷酸铝、偏磷酸钙、偏磷酸锂和偏磷酸镁中的至少一种。
4.一种多层滑动构件，其具备背板、形成于该背板一侧表面上的多孔金属烧结层、以及填充并覆盖于该多孔金属烧结层的孔隙和表面上且包含四氟乙烯树脂和10～40质量％的偏磷酸金属盐的被覆层，
所述被覆层还含有5～20质量％的包含热固化性聚酰亚胺树脂的耐热性树脂。
5.一种齿条小齿轮式转向装置，其为具备齿轮箱、以自由旋转的方式受到该齿轮箱支承的小齿轮、形成有与该小齿轮啮合的齿条齿的齿条带、以自由滑动的方式支承该齿条带的齿条引导件、以及将该齿条引导件向齿条带按压的弹簧的齿条小齿轮式转向装置，其中，齿条引导件具备具有与齿轮箱的筒状内周面以自由滑动的方式相接的筒状外周面的齿条引导件基体、以及利用背板固定在该齿条引导件基体上的权利要求1～4中任一项所述的多层滑动构件，且多层滑动构件的被覆层具有与齿条带外周面以自由滑动的方式接触的凹面。
6.如权利要求5所述齿条小齿轮式转向装置，其特征在于，齿条引导件基体具备安置有多层滑动构件背板的圆弧状凹面、形成于该圆弧状凹面底部中央的圆形孔，且多层滑动构件具备具有与所述凹面和齿条引导件基体的圆弧状凹面相应形状的凸面的主体、以及在该凸面底部中央处一体地形成于主体上且嵌入齿条引导件基体的孔中的圆筒状中空突出部。
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