CN107509960A - 一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品 - Google Patents
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- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其特征在于,首先将脱脂豆粕粉碎,碱液浸提,沉淀、离心分离、溶解、灭菌、脱水、干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;其次制备果仁粉;然后将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂、烘干、润麦、远红外烘烤、二次润麦、去除麦麸和皮粉、心磨,得到燕麦心粉;最后以小麦粉、燕麦心粉、果仁粉、大豆蛋白粉和助剂经混拌、调节水分、混拌、喂料、蒸煮挤压膨化、切割、调味、包装,得到一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。本发明的膨化食品,具有肉类相似的咀嚼感和弹性,口感丰满,开胃,营养价值高,老少皆宜。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,具体涉及一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
背景技术
高水分蒸煮挤压是将原料按一定比例混合,通过蒸煮挤压进行混合、挤压、剪切、成形等物理处理,同时在挤压过程中对原料进行杀菌、蛋白质的组织化、淀粉的α化等化学处理,经熔融、高温处理、蒸煮、冷却等处理,在蒸煮挤压挤出瞬间,压力突然降为常压,使产品结构多孔、松散。高水分蒸煮挤压可以有效提高蒸煮作用。蒸煮挤压法生产操作简单易行,产品质地均匀,生产能力较大,而且生产过程中基本不产生需处理的废料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工艺简单易行的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
为了实现上述的目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其特征在于,首先将脱脂豆粕粉碎,碱液浸提,沉淀、离心分离、溶解、灭菌、脱水、干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;其次制备果仁粉;然后将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂、烘干、润麦、远红外烘烤、二次润麦、去除麦麸和皮粉、心磨,得到燕麦心粉;最后以小麦粉、燕麦心粉、果仁粉、大豆蛋白粉和助剂经混拌、调节水分、混拌、喂料、蒸煮挤压膨化、切割、调味、包装,得到一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其特征在于,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将脱脂豆粕置于粉碎机中粉碎,过60-80目筛,得到豆粉;将豆粉加入到6-8倍重量份的氢氧化钠水溶液中,65-75℃恒温浸提2-3次,每次浸提2-3h,合并滤液;将滤液的pH值调节至4.2-4.6,静置,离心分离,得到蛋白凝胶;将蛋白凝胶加入到5-6倍重量份的去离子水中,调节体系pH至中性,蒸汽灭菌,闪蒸脱水,喷雾干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;
(2)将花生和葵花籽分别去壳去皮,得到果仁;将果仁与薏米和莲子一起混合均匀,置于粉碎机中粉碎,过120-150目筛,得到果仁粉;
(3)将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂,50-60℃烘干;将烘干后的燕麦籽粒进行润麦,控制水分润至20%,静置20-24h,采用远红外烤箱烘烤12-15min,烤箱温度控制在210-230℃;将烘烤后的燕麦籽粒进行第二次润麦,控制水分润至10%,静置20-24h;将润好的燕麦籽粒采用用肖邦磨粉机制粉,去除麦麸和皮粉,得到麦心;将麦心继续采用肖邦磨粉机心磨制粉,得到燕麦心粉;
(4)将小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾加入到搅拌机中,以250-300r/min的转速混合搅拌30-40min,喷雾式喷壶喷水调节物料的含水量为38-42%,继续混合搅拌12-15min,得到混合高水分物料;
(5)将混合高水分物料加入到螺旋喂料器中,以40-50r/min的喂料速率,加入到双螺杆蒸煮挤压机中,螺杆转速为220-250r/min,一区挤压温度为70-80℃,二区挤压温度为100-105℃,三区挤压温度为120-130℃,蒸煮挤压膨化,得到蒸煮挤压膨化物料;
(6)将蒸煮挤压膨化物料切割成型,得到半成品;将半成品加入到搅拌机中,加入食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料,以80-100r/min的转速混合搅拌30-40min,包装,得到高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中氢氧化钠水溶液为4-5%的氢氧化钠水溶液。
所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中花生、葵花籽、薏米和莲子的质量比为1:0.3-0.32:0.2-0.22:0.25-0.28。
所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾的质量比为1:0.25-0.3:0.08-0.1:0.12-0.15:0.05-0.06:0.002-0.003:0.0004-0.0006:0.0003-0.0004:0.001-0.0012。
所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中本成品、食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料的质量比为1:0.03-0.04:0.06-0.07:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.012。
通过上述的技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以小麦粉、燕麦心粉、果仁粉、大豆蛋白粉和助剂经混拌、调节水分、混拌、喂料、蒸煮挤压膨化、切割、调味、包装,得到一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。相比于传统的低水含量的挤压膨化工艺,高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品含有较高水分含量;经高水分蒸煮挤压加工后的食品不需要干燥,简化了产品加工的工艺流程;经过蒸煮挤压的食品可以直接加工,不需后续的复水过程。燕麦中富含β-葡聚糖,可减缓血液中葡萄糖含量的增加,预防和控制肥胖症、糖尿病及心血管疾病,燕麦中的膳食纤维也起到清理肠道垃圾的作用。大豆蛋白粉的加入,增加了膨化食品中蛋白质的含量,通过蒸煮挤压膨化过程,改变蛋白质的组成方式,使蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪分子之间整齐排列且具有同方向的组织结构,同时挤压凝固、形成纤维状结构,使产品具有肉类相似的咀嚼感和弹性。本发明的膨化食品,具有肉类相似的咀嚼感和弹性,口感丰满,开胃,营养价值高,老少皆宜。
具体实施方式
本实施例的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将脱脂豆粕置于粉碎机中粉碎,过60目筛,得到豆粉;将豆粉加入到8倍重量份的氢氧化钠水溶液中,75℃恒温浸提3次,每次浸提2h,合并滤液;将滤液的pH值调节至4.5,静置,离心分离,得到蛋白凝胶;将蛋白凝胶加入到6倍重量份的去离子水中,调节体系pH至中性,蒸汽灭菌,闪蒸脱水,喷雾干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;
(2)将花生和葵花籽分别去壳去皮,得到果仁;将果仁与薏米和莲子一起混合均匀,置于粉碎机中粉碎,过150目筛,得到果仁粉;
(3)将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂,60℃烘干;将烘干后的燕麦籽粒进行润麦,控制水分润至20%,静置24h,采用远红外烤箱烘烤15min,烤箱温度控制在210℃;将烘烤后的燕麦籽粒进行第二次润麦,控制水分润至10%,静置24h;将润好的燕麦籽粒采用用肖邦磨粉机制粉,去除麦麸和皮粉,得到麦心;将麦心继续采用肖邦磨粉机心磨制粉,得到燕麦心粉;
(4)将小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾加入到搅拌机中,以300r/min的转速混合搅拌40min,喷雾式喷壶喷水调节物料的含水量为42%,继续混合搅拌15min,得到混合高水分物料;
(5)将混合高水分物料加入到螺旋喂料器中,以50r/min的喂料速率,加入到双螺杆蒸煮挤压机中,螺杆转速为250r/min,一区挤压温度为70℃,二区挤压温度为105℃,三区挤压温度为130℃,蒸煮挤压膨化,得到蒸煮挤压膨化物料;
(6)将蒸煮挤压膨化物料切割成型,得到半成品;将半成品加入到搅拌机中,加入食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料,以100r/min的转速混合搅拌40min,包装,得到高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
本实施例的步骤(1)中氢氧化钠水溶液为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液。
本实施例的步骤(2)中花生、葵花籽、薏米和莲子的质量比为1:0.32:0.22:0.28。
本实施例的步骤(4)中小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾的质量比为1:0.3:0.1:0.15:0.06:0.003:0.0006:0.0004:0.001。
本实施例的步骤(6)中本成品、食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料的质量比为1:0.04:0.07:0.02:0.015:0.01:0.01。
Claims (6)
1.一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其特征在于,首先将脱脂豆粕粉碎,碱液浸提,沉淀、离心分离、溶解、灭菌、脱水、干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;其次制备果仁粉;然后将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂、烘干、润麦、远红外烘烤、二次润麦、去除麦麸和皮粉、心磨,得到燕麦心粉;最后以小麦粉、燕麦心粉、果仁粉、大豆蛋白粉和助剂经混拌、调节水分、混拌、喂料、蒸煮挤压膨化、切割、调味、包装,得到一种高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品,其特征在于,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将脱脂豆粕置于粉碎机中粉碎,过60-80目筛,得到豆粉;将豆粉加入到6-8倍重量份的氢氧化钠水溶液中,65-75℃恒温浸提2-3次,每次浸提2-3h,合并滤液;将滤液的pH值调节至4.2-4.6,静置,离心分离,得到蛋白凝胶;将蛋白凝胶加入到5-6倍重量份的去离子水中,调节体系pH至中性,蒸汽灭菌,闪蒸脱水,喷雾干燥,得到大豆蛋白粉;
(2)将花生和葵花籽分别去壳去皮,得到果仁;将果仁与薏米和莲子一起混合均匀,置于粉碎机中粉碎,过120-150目筛,得到果仁粉;
(3)将燕麦籽粒清洗,除杂,50-60℃烘干;将烘干后的燕麦籽粒进行润麦,控制水分润至20%,静置20-24h,采用远红外烤箱烘烤12-15min,烤箱温度控制在210-230℃;将烘烤后的燕麦籽粒进行第二次润麦,控制水分润至10%,静置20-24h;将润好的燕麦籽粒采用用肖邦磨粉机制粉,去除麦麸和皮粉,得到麦心;将麦心继续采用肖邦磨粉机心磨制粉,得到燕麦心粉;
(4)将小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾加入到搅拌机中,以250-300r/min的转速混合搅拌30-40min,喷雾式喷壶喷水调节物料的含水量为38-42%,继续混合搅拌12-15min,得到混合高水分物料;
(5)将混合高水分物料加入到螺旋喂料器中,以40-50r/min的喂料速率,加入到双螺杆蒸煮挤压机中,螺杆转速为220-250r/min,一区挤压温度为70-80℃,二区挤压温度为100-105℃,三区挤压温度为120-130℃,蒸煮挤压膨化,得到蒸煮挤压膨化物料;
(6)将蒸煮挤压膨化物料切割成型,得到半成品;将半成品加入到搅拌机中,加入食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料,以80-100r/min的转速混合搅拌30-40min,包装,得到高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品。
3.根据权利要求书2所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中氢氧化钠水溶液为4-5%的氢氧化钠水溶液。
4.根据权利要求书2所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中花生、葵花籽、薏米和莲子的质量比为1:0.3-0.32:0.2-0.22:0.25-0.28。
5.根据权利要求书2所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中小麦粉、燕麦心粉、大豆蛋白粉、果仁粉、泡打粉、甜蜜素、单甘油脂肪酸酯、双甘油脂肪酸酯和山梨酸钾的质量比为1:0.25-0.3:0.08-0.1:0.12-0.15:0.05-0.06:0.002-0.003:0.0004-0.0006:0.0003-0.0004:0.001-0.0012。
6.根据权利要求书2所述的高水分蒸煮挤压膨化食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中本成品、食盐、大豆油、辣椒、孜然、麻椒和香辛料的质量比为1:0.03-0.04:0.06-0.07:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.012。
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