CN107509513B - A method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by utilizing barley extract - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by utilizing barley extract under continuous cropping conditions, and belongs to the field of crop planting. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by using barley extract under continuous cropping conditions includes using barley stem and leaf powder and water to mix evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10-25, and through the steps of accelerated dissolution, soaking, filtration and dilution, the The diluted liquid is used for root irrigation of pepper seedlings that have grown to three leaves and one heart. According to the method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by using the barley extract solution under continuous cropping conditions provided by the invention, when the concentration of the barley extract solution is 0.04 g/ml for root irrigation, the stem thickness, the seedling growth index and the relative chlorophyll content of pepper are higher than those of the pepper. Compared with the control group, the control group increased by 16.39%, 58.33% and 14.42%, respectively; the root weight, fresh root weight and root dry weight of pepper biomass increased by 42.99% and 54.55%, respectively, compared with the control group.

Description

A method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by utilizing barley extract

technical field

The invention relates to the field of crop planting, and more particularly, to a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by utilizing barley extract under continuous cropping conditions.

Background technique

Pepper is an annual or limited perennial plant of the Solanaceae family. It has high nutritional value, strong adaptability, and a wide range of cultivation. It is deeply loved by the Chinese. However, with the continuous expansion of pepper planting area, the problems of adversity stress such as diseases and continuous cropping obstacles have become increasingly prominent, which have become serious obstacles restricting the increase of pepper production. At present, in order to promote the growth and development of peppers and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of peppers, traditional chemical pesticides are often used in agricultural production, but the control effect is limited, and there are problems such as high harm and low utilization rate, which seriously affect the pollution-free production of pepper industry. Gramineae crops are often used as companions to make green manure, and barley is a typical allelochemical, which will affect the growth of weeds in the field; barley has strong regrowth ability, easy to harvest, and its extract is simple to prepare, environmentally friendly and utilizable. It has a high rate and is an effective green manure crop.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by utilizing barley extract, which can improve the growth of pepper in practical application and alleviate continuous cropping obstacles; The leaching solution of the invention can also replace chemical fertilizers and some chemical pesticides to produce a new type of plant green manure.

For this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by using barley extract under continuous cropping conditions. In the filtering step, the barley leaching stock solution and the barley flour residue are obtained, the barley leaching stock solution is diluted, and the diluted barley leaching solution is obtained, and the pepper seedlings grown to Sanye Yixin are treated with root irrigation using the diluted barley leaching solution;

Concentrating the barley extract stock solution into a paste, and mixing with the barley flour residue and air-dried farmyard manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:3-5 to form a mass to obtain internal fertilizer;

The inner fertilizer is wrapped with at least one layer of coating to form a coated fertilizer;

The coating includes the following components in parts by mass:

10-15 parts of plant ash; 20-30 parts of bentonite; 15-20 parts of attapulgite; 1-5 parts of urea; 1-5 parts of potassium diphosphate; 10-15 parts of diatomaceous earth; 10-20 parts of water;

After the last root irrigation treatment of the pepper seedlings is completed, the coated fertilizer is buried around the pepper seedlings on the second day, at a distance of 5-10 cm from the pepper seedlings and a depth of less than 10 cm.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the accelerated dissolution is stirring with a magnetic stirrer or an electric stirrer or ultrasonication with an ultrasonic instrument; the accelerated dissolution time is not less than 30 minutes.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soaking time is not less than 12h.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the filtration adopts gauze filtration or membrane filtration or vacuum filtration.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dilution ratio of the dilution is 2-10 times.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the frequency of root irrigation is once every two days, 20 mL per pepper seedling each time, and the root irrigation is performed for 20 days.

In the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the barley stem and leaf powder is made through the following steps:

S1: Picking fresh barley, separating the barley stems and leaves from the roots, taking the barley stems and leaves and washing them for later use, to obtain spare barley stems and leaves;

S2: use the heating device to fix the barley stems and leaves described for subsequent use to obtain the barley stems and leaves;

S3: use the drying device to dry the green-finished barley stems and leaves to obtain dry barley stems and leaves;

S4: Pulverize the dried barley stems and leaves with a pulverizer to obtain barley stems and leaves powder.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heating device is an oven or a plant fixing machine; the fixing temperature is 100-150° C., and the fixing time is not less than 10 minutes.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the drying device is one of a constant temperature oven, a vacuum drying oven and a steam drying oven; the drying temperature is 50-80°C, and the drying time is greater than 0.5h.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the material outlet of the pulverizer is provided with a 200-mesh sieve, and the material is automatically sieved after pulverization.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention provides a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by using barley extract under continuous cropping conditions, the growth state and biomass of the pepper seedlings treated by root irrigation with the barley extract and the control group where only water is used for root irrigation of pepper seedlings There were great improvements: when the pepper seedlings were irrigated with the barley extract at a concentration of 0.04g/ml, the stem diameter, seedling strength index and relative chlorophyll content of pepper increased by 16.39% and 58.33%, respectively, compared with the control group. and 14.42%; pepper biomass, especially root weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of pepper seedlings increased by 42.99% and 54.55%, respectively, compared with the control group.

The invention provides a method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by utilizing barley extract, which is helpful for cultivating strong seedlings and improves the resistance to continuous cropping obstacles and adversity stress.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below through specific embodiments.

Example 1

A kind of method that utilizes barley extract to cultivate strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions is provided in the embodiment, and is specifically as follows:

The pepper variety tested was "Xinxiang No. 8", which was provided by Jiangxi Huanong Seed Industry Co., Ltd.; the barley tested was barley with skin, which was purchased from Zhengzhou Huafeng Grass Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

Soil: The soil was taken from the soil of the experimental base of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which has been continuously cultivated for 5 years. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are: pH 4.52, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 80.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available phosphorus 16.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available potassium 393 mg·kg ^-1 , and organic matter 36.5 g·kg ^-1 .

Extraction preparation:

S1: Picking fresh barley, separating the barley stems and leaves from the roots, taking the barley stems and leaves and washing them for later use, to obtain spare barley stems and leaves;

S2: use the drying oven to heat the barley stems and leaves for fixing, and the heating temperature is 105° C., and the fixing time is 1h to obtain the stems and leaves of barley;

S3: drying the green-finished barley stems and leaves using a constant temperature oven, the drying temperature is 65°C, and drying for 2 hours to obtain dry barley stems and leaves;

S4: The dried barley stems and leaves are pulverized by a pulverizer and sieved to obtain barley stems and leaves powder.

S5: Weigh 48g of the barley stem and leaf powder, put it into a conical flask containing 1.2L of water respectively, ultrasonically vibrate for 2h, and leave it to stand for 24h to obtain a standstill barley extract;

S6: filter the standing barley extract with gauze, take it as the stock solution A1, the concentration is 0.04g/mL, take 9 parts of 0.1L of the stock solution and dilute 2-10 times respectively to obtain a 2-10-fold dilution A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, put them at 4℃ for later use.

The barley extract stock solution is concentrated into paste, mixed with the barley flour residue and air-dried farmyard manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:3 to form a mass to obtain internal fertilizer; the internal fertilizer is wrapped with a layer of Coating to form a coating fertilizer; the coating comprises the following components by mass: 10 parts of plant ash; 20 parts of bentonite; 15 parts of attapulgite; 1 part of urea; 1 part of potassium diphosphate; 10 parts of diatomaceous earth; 10 parts water. The above coating components except water are all powders, which are evenly mixed and wrapped on the internal fertilizer to form a coated fertilizer.

The effect experiment of pepper: In May 2017, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Shilu Building, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University. Select pepper seeds and soak them in warm water for a period of time, remove them and transfer them to a petri dish covered with two layers of filter paper, and place them in a 28°C incubator for germination. They can germinate in 3-5 days. After germination, sow them in 50 plugs In the middle, when the peppers grow to two leaves and one heart, select peppers with the same growth potential and transplant them into the nutrition pot (100*110mm) equipped with pepper continuous cropping soil; when the three leaves are one heart, start to water the pepper seedlings, and irrigate the roots once every 2 days. 20 mL of extracting solution per plant each time, 10 pots per treatment, repeated 3 times, randomly placed in the greenhouse, and routine management; after 20 days of root irrigation, the pepper seedlings were buried at a distance of 5 cm and a depth of 10 cm in the above bag on the 21st day. After the 30th day, random sampling was used to measure the growth index, and the growth of pepper seedlings irrigated with the barley extract of different dilution ratios was quite different.

The test results of growth morphology, relative chlorophyll content and biomass index are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1. Effects of extracts on growth morphology of pepper seedlings

Table 2. Effects of the extract on the biomass of pepper seedlings

Note: The control group was consistent with the experimental group except that the barley extract was replaced with water. The data in the table are the mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences (p≦0.05).

From Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that when the pepper seedlings are treated with root irrigation with the barley extract with a concentration of 0.04 g/mL in the experimental group, their growth state can reach the optimal state: that is, the stem thickness of pepper and the index of strong seedlings. and relative chlorophyll content increased by 16.39%, 58.33% and 14.42% respectively compared with the control group; pepper biomass, especially root weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of pepper seedlings increased by 42.99% and 54.55% respectively compared with the control group .

Example 2

A kind of method that utilizes barley extract to cultivate strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions is provided in the embodiment, and is specifically as follows:

The pepper variety tested was "Xinxiang No. 8", which was provided by Jiangxi Huanong Seed Industry Co., Ltd.; the barley tested was barley with skin, which was purchased from Zhengzhou Huafeng Grass Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

Soil: The soil was taken from the soil of the experimental base of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which has been continuously cultivated for 5 years. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are: pH 4.52, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 80.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available phosphorus 16.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available potassium 393 mg·kg ^-1 , and organic matter 36.5 g·kg ^-1 .

Extraction preparation:

S1: Picking fresh barley, separating the barley stems and leaves from the roots, taking the barley stems and leaves and washing them for later use, to obtain spare barley stems and leaves;

S2: use the drying oven to heat the barley stems and leaves for fixing, and the heating temperature is 100° C., and the fixing time is 1h to obtain the stems and leaves of barley;

S3: drying the green-finished barley stems and leaves using a constant temperature oven, the drying temperature is 50° C., and drying for 2 hours to obtain dry barley stems and leaves;

S4: The dried barley stems and leaves are pulverized by a pulverizer and sieved to obtain barley stems and leaves powder.

S5: Weigh 60g of the barley stem and leaf powder, put it into a conical flask containing 1.2L of water, stir magnetically for 3h, and leave it to stand for 15h to obtain a standstill barley extract;

S6: filter the standing barley extract with a membrane, take it as stock solution A1 with a concentration of 0.05g/mL, take 9 parts of 0.1L of the stock solution and dilute 2-10 times respectively to obtain a 2-10-fold dilution A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, put them at 4℃ for later use.

The barley leaching solution stock solution is concentrated into paste, and is mixed with the barley flour residue and air-dried farmyard manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:4 to form a group to obtain internal fertilizer;

The inner fertilizer is wrapped with a layer of coating to form a coated fertilizer;

The coating includes the following components in parts by mass:

12 parts of plant ash; 25 parts of bentonite; 17 parts of attapulgite; 3 parts of urea; 3 parts of potassium diphosphate; 12 parts of diatomaceous earth; 15 parts of water. The above coating components except water are all powders, which are evenly mixed and wrapped on the internal fertilizer to form a coated fertilizer.

The effect experiment of pepper: In May 2017, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Shilu Building, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University. Select pepper seeds and soak them in warm water for a period of time, remove them and transfer them to a petri dish covered with two layers of filter paper, and place them in a 28°C incubator for germination. They can germinate in 3-5 days. After germination, sow them in 50 plugs In the middle, when the peppers grow to two leaves and one heart, select peppers with the same growth potential and transplant them into the nutrition pot (100*110mm) equipped with pepper continuous cropping soil; when the three leaves are one heart, start to water the pepper seedlings, and irrigate the roots once every 2 days. 20 mL of extracting solution per plant each time, 10 pots per treatment, repeated 3 times, randomly placed in the greenhouse, and routine management; after 20 days of root irrigation, the pepper seedlings were buried at a distance of 7 cm and a depth of 12 cm in the above bag on the 21st day. After the 30th day, random sampling was used to measure the growth index, and the growth of pepper seedlings irrigated with the barley extract of different dilution ratios was quite different.

The test results of growth morphology, relative chlorophyll content and biomass index are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1. Effects of extracts on growth morphology of pepper seedlings

Table 2. Effects of the extract on the biomass of pepper seedlings

Note: The control group was consistent with the experimental group except that the barley extract was replaced with water. The data in the table are the mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences (p≦0.05).

From Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that when the pepper seedlings are treated with root irrigation with the barley extract with a concentration of 0.04 g/mL in the experimental group, their growth state can reach the optimal state: that is, the stem thickness of pepper and the index of strong seedlings. and relative chlorophyll content increased by 14.05%, 54.16% and 13.46% respectively compared with the control group; pepper biomass, especially root weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of pepper seedlings increased by 42.05% and 45.45% respectively compared with the control group .

Example 3

A kind of method that utilizes barley extract to cultivate strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions is provided in the embodiment, and is specifically as follows:

The pepper variety tested was "Xinxiang No. 8", which was provided by Jiangxi Huanong Seed Industry Co., Ltd.; the barley tested was barley with skin, which was purchased from Zhengzhou Huafeng Grass Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

Soil: The soil was taken from the soil of the experimental base of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which has been continuously cultivated for 5 years. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are: pH 4.52, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 80.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available phosphorus 16.7 mg·kg ^-1 , available potassium 393 mg·kg ^-1 , and organic matter 36.5 g·kg ^-1 .

Extraction preparation:

S1: Picking fresh barley, separating the barley stems and leaves from the roots, taking the barley stems and leaves and washing them for later use, to obtain spare barley stems and leaves;

S2: use the drying oven to heat the barley stems and leaves for fixing, and the heating temperature is 150° C., and the fixing time is 1h to obtain the stems and leaves of barley;

S3: drying the green-finished barley stems and leaves in a constant temperature oven at a drying temperature of 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain dry barley stems and leaves;

S4: The dried barley stems and leaves are pulverized by a pulverizer and sieved to obtain barley stems and leaves powder.

S5: weigh 120g of the barley stem and leaf powder, put it into a conical flask containing 1.2L of water, stir with electric power for 3h, and leave it to stand for 20h to obtain a standstill barley extract;

S6: Use vacuum filtration on the standing barley extract as stock solution A1 with a concentration of 0.1 g/mL, take 9 parts of 0.1 L of the stock solution and dilute 2-10 times respectively to obtain 2-10 times dilution A2 , A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, put them at 4℃ for later use.

The barley leaching solution stock solution is concentrated into paste, mixed with the barley flour residue and air-dried farmyard manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:5 to form a group to obtain internal fertilizer;

The inner fertilizer is wrapped with a layer of coating to form a coated fertilizer;

The coating includes the following components in parts by mass:

15 parts of plant ash; 30 parts of bentonite; 20 parts of attapulgite; 5 parts of urea; 5 parts of potassium diphosphate; 15 parts of diatomaceous earth; 20 parts of water. The above coating components except water are all powders, which are evenly mixed and wrapped on the internal fertilizer to form a coated fertilizer.

The effect experiment of pepper: In May 2017, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Shilu Building, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University. Select pepper seeds and soak them in warm water for a period of time, remove them and transfer them to a petri dish covered with two layers of filter paper, and place them in a 28°C incubator for germination. They can germinate in 3-5 days. After germination, sow them in 50 plugs In the middle, when the peppers grow to two leaves and one heart, select peppers with the same growth potential and transplant them into the nutrition pot (100*110mm) equipped with pepper continuous cropping soil; when the three leaves are one heart, start to water the pepper seedlings, and irrigate the roots once every 2 days. 20 mL of extracting solution per plant each time, 10 pots per treatment, repeated 3 times, randomly placed in the greenhouse, and routinely managed; after 20 days of root irrigation, the pepper seedlings were buried 10 cm away from the pepper seedlings at a depth of 15 cm on the 21st day. After the 30th day, random sampling was used to measure the growth index, and the growth of pepper seedlings irrigated with the barley extract of different dilution ratios was quite different.

The test results of growth morphology, relative chlorophyll content and biomass index are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1. Effects of extracts on growth morphology of pepper seedlings

Table 2. Effects of the extract on the biomass of pepper seedlings

Note: The control group was consistent with the experimental group except that the barley extract was replaced with water. The data in the table are the mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences (p≦0.05).

From Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that when the pepper seedlings are treated with root irrigation with the barley extract with a concentration of 0.04 g/mL in the experimental group, their growth state can reach the optimal state: that is, the stem thickness of pepper and the index of strong seedlings. and relative chlorophyll content increased by 12.70%, 41.67% and 13.70% respectively compared with the control group; pepper biomass, especially the root weight, fresh root weight and root dry weight of pepper seedlings increased by 42.99% and 54.54% respectively compared with the control group .

To sum up, it can be seen from Examples 1 to 3 that when using the barley extract with A1 concentration of 0.04g/mL in the experimental group in Example 1 to irrigate the roots of pepper seedlings, its growth state can reach the optimal state: That is, the stem diameter, seedling strength index and relative chlorophyll content of pepper increased by 16.39%, 58.33% and 14.42% respectively compared with the control group; pepper biomass, especially root weight, fresh root weight and root dry weight of pepper seedlings were compared with the control group. The maximum increases were 42.99% and 54.55%, respectively.

The present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments falling within the claims of the present application all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings by using barley leaching liquor under continuous cropping conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

uniformly mixing barley stem and leaf powder and water in a mass ratio of 1: 10-25, performing accelerated dissolution, soaking and filtering to obtain barley extraction stock solution and barley powder residues, diluting the barley extraction stock solution by a dilution multiple of 2-10 times to obtain diluted barley leaching solution, and performing root irrigation treatment on pepper seedlings growing to three leaves and one heart by using the diluted barley leaching solution;

concentrating the barley leaching liquor stock solution into paste, and uniformly mixing the paste with the barley powder residue and the air-dried farmyard manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 3-5 to form a cluster to obtain an internal fertilizer;

at least one layer of coating is wrapped outside the internal fertilizer to form a coated fertilizer;

the coating comprises the following components in parts by mass:

10-15 parts of plant ash; 20-30 parts of bentonite; 15-20 parts of attapulgite; 1-5 parts of urea; 1-5 parts of potassium diphosphate; 10-15 parts of diatomite; 10-20 parts of water;

after the last root irrigation treatment of the pepper seedlings is completed, the coated fertilizer is buried around the pepper seedlings at the next day, and the distance between the coated fertilizer and the pepper seedlings is 5-10 cm and the depth is less than 10 cm.

2. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using barley leachate according to claim 1, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the accelerated dissolution is stirring by using a magnetic stirrer or an electric stirrer or ultrasonic treatment by using an ultrasonic instrument;

the accelerated dissolution time is not less than 30 min.

3. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using barley leachate according to claim 1, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the soaking time is not less than 12 h.

4. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using barley leachate according to claim 1, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the filtration adopts gauze filtration or membrane filtration or vacuum filtration.

5. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using barley leachate according to claim 1, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the root irrigation frequency is 1 time every two days, each pepper seedling is 20mL, and the root irrigation time is 20 days.

6. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using the barley leaching solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barley stem and leaf powder is prepared by the following steps:

s1: picking fresh barley, separating stem leaves and roots of the barley, and cleaning the stem leaves of the barley for later use to obtain the standby stem leaves of the barley;

s2: de-enzyming the standby barley stems and leaves by using a heating device to obtain de-enzymed barley stems and leaves;

s3: drying the de-enzymed barley stems and leaves by using a drying device to obtain dried barley stems and leaves;

s4: and (3) crushing the dried barley stems and leaves by using a crusher to obtain barley stem and leaf powder.

7. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using the barley leachate according to claim 6, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the heating device is an oven or a plant water-removing machine;

the water-removing temperature is 100-150 ℃, and the water-removing time is not less than 10 min.

8. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using the barley leachate according to claim 6, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the drying device is one of a constant-temperature drying oven, a vacuum drying oven and a steam drying oven;

the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the drying time is more than 0.5 h.

9. The method for cultivating strong pepper seedlings under continuous cropping conditions by using the barley leachate according to claim 6, wherein the barley leachate comprises:

the material outlet of the pulverizer is provided with a 200-mesh sieve, and the material is automatically sieved after being pulverized.