CN107496375B - 一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法:以中药材的提取物为粘合剂,以辅料为固体吸收剂,将提取物进行低温沸腾制粒,得到成型的颗粒;在不改变颗粒剂中提取物与辅料比例的前提下,利用由辅料制成的浆液对成型的颗粒进行包埋,然后进行中高温沸腾干燥,得到中药颗粒;所述低温沸腾制粒的温度≥40℃,所述中高温沸腾干燥的温度≤100℃。本发明适宜于含多糖较多的单一药材或药材复合物颗粒剂制备,达到颗粒活性成分不损失、颗粒耐贮存、颗粒均匀且溶化性好的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品药品领域,具体涉及一种低温沸腾制粒并包埋颗粒的复方中药颗粒 剂制备技术。
背景技术
以液体中药提取物为粘合剂,以辅料为固体吸收剂,以静态高温干燥制备中药颗粒 剂为常见的制药技术。但是,对于富含多糖类物质的提取物,在传统沸腾制粒过程中,含有较多多糖类组分的提取物在高温下容易焦化,提取物和辅料存在“趴窝”现象,即堆积 在沸腾干燥机辅料盛放槽内,不仅成粒率极低,而且颗粒中多糖成分损失严重,导致制剂 效率较低。
有人采用丙烯酸树脂溶液与辅料一起完成对于多糖类中药浸膏的制粒,其优点:制 粒同时用高分子物质丙烯酸树脂把浸膏包裹,使多糖与外界环境隔离,不易吸潮,不易结 块,流动性好,与饲料进行混合时比较均匀。但其缺点也是显著的:1)无法进行进一步干燥,颗粒剂质量无法达到药典标准;2)丙烯酸树脂本身具有一定毒性;3)改变了辅料 构成,不宜在中药制剂中使用;4)颗粒剂溶解性能显著下降;5)丙烯酸树脂不属于201 5版药典药用辅料。
以液体中药提取物为粘合剂,以辅料为固体吸收剂,降低沸腾制粒时温度并在成粒 后对颗粒进行包埋以保护颗粒的技术目前尚未见应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低温沸腾制粒并包埋颗粒的复方中药颗粒剂的制备方 法,可获得成型较好、颗粒均匀、稳定性较高、耐贮存的干燥颗粒。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
以中药材的提取物为粘合剂,以辅料为提取物的固体吸收剂,将提取物进行低温沸腾 制粒,得到成型的颗粒;在不改变颗粒剂中提取物与辅料比例的前提下,利用由辅料制成 的浆液对成型的颗粒进行包埋,然后进行中高温沸腾干燥,得到中药颗粒;所述低温沸腾 制粒的温度≥40℃,所述中高温沸腾干燥的温度≤100℃。
所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)浸膏制备
将中药材经溶剂提取、浓缩制成浸膏;
2)包埋剂制备
取部分辅料A与水混合后制成溶液,得包埋剂;所述辅料A为可溶性淀粉;
3)低温沸腾制粒
设定沸腾干燥机的进风温度为50~70℃(优选为60~70℃),出风温度为40~50℃,待 辅料B和剩余辅料A于沸腾干燥机中混合均匀后利用蠕动泵将浸膏雾化后喷入沸腾干燥 机,得到均匀的固体颗粒,蠕动泵转速为50~80rpm(优选为60~80rpm);所述辅料B为糊精,辅料A:辅料B的质量比为1:3~1:7,浸膏:辅料A及B总和的质量比1:2~1:7;
4)颗粒包埋
设定沸腾干燥机的进风温度为50~70℃(优选为60~70℃),出风温度为40~50℃,然 后将步骤2)制得的包埋剂通过蠕动泵雾化后喷入沸腾干燥机,在固体颗粒表面形成一层 淀粉保护层,蠕动泵转速为15~25rpm;
5)高温沸腾干燥
经过步骤4)后,调整沸腾干燥机的进风温度为75~100℃(优选为85~95℃),出风温度为40~70℃,干燥1~2小时,得中药颗粒。
所述中药材的有效成分中含有多糖类物质。
所述步骤1)具体包括以下步骤:取一定量药材混合后用8~10倍质量的水冷浸0.5~ 1.5,然后煎煮两次,第一次煎煮1~2小时,第二次用6~8倍质量的水煎煮1~2小时,将收集的两次煎煮液过滤,将滤液浓缩(浓缩的温度55-70℃)至相对密度为1.10~1.20g/m L的浸膏。
所述步骤1)还包括以下对于浸膏的纯化处理:用50~80%乙醇对浓缩所得浸膏进行 醇沉20~30小时,收集上清液并浓缩(浓缩的温度55~70℃)后用纯化水进行水沉20~30 小时,收集上清液并浓缩(浓缩的温度55~70℃)至相对密度为1.10~1.20g/mL的浸膏,将该浸膏用60~100目筛网过滤。
所述步骤2)具体包括以下步骤:将可溶性淀粉加入水中后进行加热(90~100℃),加热过程不断搅拌,待可溶性淀粉全部溶解,得质量分数为5~10%的透明淀粉溶液,颗 粒包埋中透明淀粉溶液:浸膏的质量比为5:1-13:1。
所述步骤3)中,根据进、出风温度及颗粒成型状况调节蠕动泵转速。
所述步骤3)~步骤5)中,沸腾干燥机的振动脉冲启动时间为10~20s,振动脉冲停止时间为10~20s。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
本发明适宜于含多糖较多的单一药材或药材复合物颗粒剂制备,以中药材的提取物 为粘合剂,以辅料为提取物的固体吸收剂,将提取物雾化后喷入固体吸收剂中,伴随低温 加热,形成均匀的固体颗粒,因颗粒中含多糖较多故不耐受高温,为防止活性成分分解,有效保护药材活性成分,在不改变提取物与辅料比例的前提下,将适量的辅料制成浆液,通过雾化,在已成型的颗粒表面形成一种保护层后进行中高温干燥,达到颗粒活性成分不损失、颗粒耐贮存、颗粒均匀且溶化性好的要求。
进一步的,本发明通过水提、浓缩、醇沉、水沉及过筛,使得药材中的多糖组分在提取物浸膏中得到有效富集,且提高了浸膏的杂质去除率。
进一步的,淀粉浆用量需要保证淀粉充分的将浸膏包埋,防止部分浸膏在后续干燥 中暴露在高温当中,影响颗粒均匀性和质量。
进一步的,振动脉冲启动和停止时间的设定,有利于获得粒径更为均一的颗粒,且可以缩短颗粒干燥时间。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
(1)浸膏制备
取丹参、红花、黄芪等药材,拣选混合,加10倍量的水,冷浸1小时后,煎煮两次, 第一次煎煮1.5小时,第二次加8倍量的水,煎煮1小时,收集两次煎煮液,过滤,浓 缩至相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,用70%乙醇进行醇沉24小时,过滤醇沉液,浓缩至 相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,加入纯化水进行水沉24小时,过滤,浓缩至相对密度为 1.10g/mL的浸膏,用80目筛网过滤,备用。
根据浸膏质量确定辅料用量,浸膏:辅料质量比=1:4,辅料中可溶性淀粉:糊精的质量 比=1:3。
(2)淀粉浆制备
按照配制质量分数为5%的淀粉浆(淀粉浆:浸膏质量比=10:1),取适量可溶性淀粉加 入计量的冷水中后加热,加热(90~100℃)过程不断搅拌,待淀粉全部溶解,得到透明清澈且无沉淀、不分层的溶液,即淀粉浆。
(3)低温沸腾制粒
先将辅料中余下的可溶性淀粉和糊精投入沸腾干燥机的原料容器中,将沸腾干燥机预 热20~30分钟,促使辅料混合均匀。设定进风温度70℃,出风温度50℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,打开蠕动泵,以转速为80rpm将浸膏加入沸腾干燥机,通过观 察口观察颗粒成型状况。
(4)颗粒包埋
将制好的淀粉浆通过蠕动泵以25rpm喷入沸腾干燥机,进风温度60℃,出风温度40℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,在已成型的颗粒表面形成淀粉保护层。
(5)高温沸腾干燥
设定进风温度80℃,出风温度50℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,干燥2小时。
(6)有效成分对比
本处方中有效成分为丹酚酸B、黄芪甲苷、红花羟基黄色素。浸膏与颗粒剂中有效成分含量如表1。
表1:实施例1浸膏与颗粒中有效成分
通过本实施例可获得平均粒径为300μm±10μm,及含水量符合药典要求的颗粒,溶化性好。
实施例2
(1)浸膏制备
取黄精、桂圆、大枣等药材,拣选混合,加10倍量的水,冷浸1小时后,煎煮两次, 第一次煎煮1.5小时,第二次加8倍量的水,煎煮1小时,收集两次煎煮液,过滤,浓 缩至相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,用70%乙醇进行醇沉24小时,过滤醇沉液,浓缩至 相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,加入纯化水进行水沉24小时,过滤,浓缩至相对密度为 1.10g/mL的浸膏,用80目筛网过滤,备用。
根据浸膏质量确定辅料用量,浸膏:辅料质量比=1:5,辅料中可溶性淀粉:糊精的质量 比=1:3。
(2)淀粉浆制备
按照配制质量分数为7%的淀粉浆(淀粉浆:浸膏质量比=9:1),取适量可溶性淀粉加 入计量的冷水中后加热,加热(90~100℃)过程不断搅拌,待淀粉全部溶解,得到透明清澈且无沉淀、不分层的溶液,即淀粉浆。
(3)低温沸腾制粒
先将辅料中余下的可溶性淀粉和糊精投入沸腾干燥机的原料容器中,将沸腾干燥机预 热20~30分钟,促使辅料混合均匀。设定进风温度70℃,出风温度50℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,打开蠕动泵,以转速为80rpm将浸膏加入沸腾干燥机,通过观 察口观察颗粒成型状况。
(4)颗粒包埋
将制好的淀粉浆通过蠕动泵以25rpm喷入沸腾干燥机,进风温度60℃,出风温度40℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,在已成型的颗粒表面形成淀粉保护层。
(5)高温沸腾干燥
设定进风温度95℃,出风温度60℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,干燥2小时。
(6)有效成分对比
本处方中有效成分为多糖。浸膏与颗粒剂中有效成分含量如表2。
表2:实施例2浸膏与颗粒中有效成分
通过本实施例可获得平均粒径为300μm±10μm,及含水量符合药典要求的颗粒,溶化性好。
实施例3
(1)浸膏制备
取黄芪、当归、枸杞子等药材,拣选混合,加10倍量的水,冷浸1小时后,煎煮两 次,第一次煎煮1.5小时,第二次加8倍量的水,煎煮1小时,收集两次煎煮液,过滤, 浓缩至相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,用70%乙醇进行醇沉24小时,过滤醇沉液,浓缩 至相对密度为1.10g/mL的浸膏,加入纯化水进行水沉24小时,过滤,浓缩至相对密度 为1.10g/mL的浸膏,用80目筛网过滤,备用。
根据浸膏质量确定辅料用量,浸膏:辅料质量比=1:4,辅料中可溶性淀粉:糊精的质量 比=1:3。
(2)淀粉浆制备
按照配制质量分数为5%的淀粉浆(淀粉浆:浸膏质量比=10:1),取适量可溶性淀粉加 入计量的冷水中后加热,加热(90~100℃)过程不断搅拌,待淀粉全部溶解,得到透明清澈且无沉淀、不分层的溶液,即淀粉浆。
(3)低温沸腾制粒
先将辅料中余下的可溶性淀粉和糊精投入沸腾干燥机的原料容器中,将沸腾干燥机预 热20~30分钟,促使辅料混合均匀。设定进风温度70℃,出风温度50℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,打开蠕动泵,以转速为80rpm将浸膏加入沸腾干燥机,通过观 察口观察颗粒成型状况。
(4)颗粒包埋
将制好的淀粉浆通过蠕动泵以25rpm喷入沸腾干燥机,进风温度60℃,出风温度40℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,在已成型的颗粒表面形成淀粉保护层。
(5)高温沸腾干燥
设定进风温度100℃,出风温度70℃,振动脉冲启动10s,振动脉冲停止10s,干燥 2小时。
(6)有效成分对比
本处方中有效成分为黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、枸杞多糖。浸膏与颗粒剂中有效成分含量如表3。
表3:实施例3浸膏与颗粒中有效成分
通过本实施例可获得平均粒径为300μm±10μm,及含水量符合药典要求的颗粒,溶化性好。
Claims (8)
1.一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法包括以下步骤:以中药材的提取物为粘合剂,以辅料为固体吸收剂,将提取物进行低温沸腾制粒,得到成型的颗粒;在不改变颗粒剂中提取物与辅料比例的前提下,利用由辅料制成的浆液对成型的颗粒进行包埋,然后进行中高温沸腾干燥,得到中药颗粒;所述低温沸腾制粒的温度≥40℃,所述中高温沸腾干燥的温度≤100℃;
所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)浸膏制备
将中药材经溶剂提取、浓缩制成浸膏;
2)包埋剂制备
取部分辅料A与水混合后制成溶液,得包埋剂;所述辅料A为可溶性淀粉;
3)低温沸腾制粒
设定沸腾干燥机的进风温度为50~70℃,出风温度为40~50℃,待辅料B和剩余辅料A于沸腾干燥机中混合均匀后利用蠕动泵将浸膏喷入沸腾干燥机,得到均匀的固体颗粒,蠕动泵转速为50~80rpm;所述辅料B为糊精;
4)颗粒包埋
设定沸腾干燥机的进风温度为50~70℃,出风温度为40~50℃,将步骤2)制得的包埋剂通过蠕动泵喷入沸腾干燥机,在固体颗粒表面形成一层淀粉保护层,蠕动泵转速为15~25rpm;
5)高温沸腾干燥
经过步骤4)后,调整沸腾干燥机的进风温度为75~100℃,出风温度为40~70℃,干燥1~2小时,得中药颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述中药材的有效成分中含有多糖类物质。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)具体包括以下步骤:取一定量药材混合后用8~10倍质量的水冷浸0.5~1.5小时,然后煎煮两次,第一次煎煮1~2小时,第二次用6~8倍质量的水煎煮1~2小时,将收集的两次煎煮液过滤,将滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.20g/mL的浸膏。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)还包括以下对于浸膏的纯化处理:用50~80%乙醇对浓缩所得浸膏进行醇沉20~30小时,收集上清液并浓缩后用纯化水进行水沉20~30小时,收集上清液并浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.20g/mL的浸膏,将该浸膏用60~100目筛网过滤。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)具体包括以下步骤:将可溶性淀粉加入水中后进行加热,加热过程不断搅拌,待可溶性淀粉全部溶解,得质量分数为5~10%的透明淀粉溶液,颗粒包埋中透明淀粉溶液:浸膏的质量比为5:1-13:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述辅料A:辅料B的质量比为1:3~1:7,浸膏:辅料A及B总和的质量比1:2~1:7。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,根据进、出风温度及颗粒成型状况调节蠕动泵转速。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种复方中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)~步骤5)中,沸腾干燥机的振动脉冲启动时间为10~20s,振动脉冲停止时间为10~20s。
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