CN107459765A - 酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:酚醛树脂70~80份、漆酚树脂10~15份、改性植物纤维4~6份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述改性植物纤维主要由植物纤维、乙烯‑丙烯酸共聚物与甘油制备得到,所述增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。制备方法:1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、改性植物纤维、固化剂以及增韧剂在50~70℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。该保温板强度和氧指数高,导热系数低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑外墙材料技术领域,具体涉及一种酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,约80%的建筑保温材料为有机可燃材料,纵观市场,现有的有机保温材料难以达到国家对防火性能的要求,而无机材料因吸水率大、容易“结露”,达不到保温节能的要求,因此随着国家政策的逐步颁布和实施,研发兼具保温和防火功能的产品是未来外墙外保温市场不可逆转的发展趋势。用无机材料改性有机保温材料可以起到防火与保温的“双保险”效果。酚醛泡沫保温材料与通常的高分子树脂依靠加入阻燃剂得到的材料有本质的不同,酚醛泡沫板防火、遇明火不燃烧、耐火焰穿透,不熔化,也不会散发有毒烟雾,无滴落,并具有质轻、无腐蚀、保温、节能、隔音、价廉、使用温度范围广的特点,是较好的保温节能材料。
酚醛树脂生产的酚醛保温板,具备聚氨酯硬泡保温材料主要基本优点,但防火性能比聚氨酯硬泡突出,耐火燃穿透、耐高温、低烟,氧指数高达50%,但酚醛保温板与聚氨酯硬泡比较,酚醛保温板最大的缺点是脆性大、酸性大。由于酚醛保温板的脆性大,酚醛保温板在使用时存在掉粉、弹性低、压缩强度低,导热系数不达标等问题,固有优异防火性能没能得到很好利用,因此,影响该产品应用技术的扩展,同时给运输、施工带来很多不便。尤其拉拔强度低,不易满足相关标准要求。由于酸性大,使得酚醛保温板与金属、水泥基材料接触会有一定腐蚀性。
发明内容
为了解决以上酚醛泡沫板的导热系数较高、韧性不好的问题,本发明提出一种酚醛泡沫保温板,该保温板强度和氧指数高,导热系数低。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种酚醛泡沫保温板,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
酚醛树脂70~80份、漆酚树脂10~15份、改性植物纤维4~6份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述改性植物纤维主要由植物纤维、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物与甘油制备得到,所述增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
进一步,所述改性植物纤维的制备方法为:
将50~60重量份的植物纤维粉碎后加入10~20重量份甘油中,然后再加入4~8重量份的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物搅拌混合均匀,升温至130℃~140℃,活化反应20~30min,即可获得改性植物纤维。
进一步,所述植物纤维选自玉米秸秆纤维、高粱秸秆纤维或者棉花秆纤维。
进一步,所述表面活性剂为吐温80。
进一步,所述发泡剂为正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷或者异戊烷。
进一步,所述固化剂为磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸或者草酸。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种酚醛泡沫保温板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、改性植物纤维、固化剂以及增韧剂在50~70℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
进一步,所述步骤2)预热模具的预热温度为50~60℃。
本发明有益效果:
1、本发明的酚醛泡沫保温板中通过添加漆酚树脂与改性植物纤维,使得酚醛泡沫板韧性提高,不易掉粉,弹性增强。主要由植物纤维、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物与甘油制备得到的改性植物纤维不仅提高增韧性,还能提高漆酚树脂与酚醛树脂的兼容性,提高了酚醛保温板的力学性能。
2、增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物,增韧效果显著,并且具有更好的阻燃与耐热性能。
3、本发明的酚醛泡沫保温板的导热系数为0.018~0.022W/m·K,压缩强度为0.184~0.196MPa,垂直于板面强度为0.126~0.132MPa,氧指数为60~65。
具体实施方式
实施例1
改性植物纤维的制备方法为:
将50重量份的植物纤维粉碎后加入10重量份甘油中,然后再加入4重量份的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物搅拌混合均匀,升温至130℃,活化反应30min,即可获得改性植物纤维。
实施例2
改性植物纤维的制备方法为:
将60重量份的植物纤维粉碎后加入20重量份甘油中,然后再加入8重量份的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物搅拌混合均匀,升温至140℃,活化反应20min,即可获得改性植物纤维。
实施例3
一种酚醛泡沫保温板,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
酚醛树脂75份、漆酚树脂12份、实施例1的改性植物纤维5份、4份吐温80、环戊烷7份、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸12份与增韧剂4份,增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法:
1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、实施例1的改性植物纤维、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸以及增韧剂在60℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及环戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入55℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例4
一种酚醛泡沫保温板,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
酚醛树脂70份、漆酚树脂10份、实施例2的改性植物纤维4份、3份吐温80、正戊烷5份、草酸11份与增韧剂3份,增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法:
1)将酚醛树脂、草酸、漆酚树脂、实施例2的改性植物纤维以及增韧剂在50℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及正戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入50℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例5
一种酚醛泡沫保温板,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
酚醛树脂78份、漆酚树脂13份、实施例1的改性植物纤维6份、5份吐温80、正丁烷8份、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸(磷酸与对苯磺酸的质量比为3:1)10份与增韧剂5份,增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法:
1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、实施例1的改性植物纤维、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸以及增韧剂在65℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及正丁烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入55℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例6
一种酚醛泡沫保温板,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
酚醛树脂80份、漆酚树脂15份、实施例2的改性植物纤维4份、6份吐温80、环戊烷10份、草酸15份与增韧剂6份,增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法:
1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、实施例2的改性植物纤维、草酸以及增韧剂在70℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及环戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入60℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
试验例
将实施例3~6制备得到的保温板进行性能检测,结果见表1。
表1实施例3~6保温板性能检测结果
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:酚醛树脂70~80份、漆酚树脂10~15份、改性植物纤维4~6份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述改性植物纤维主要由植物纤维、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物与甘油制备得到,所述增韧剂是纳米二氧化硅与水玻璃在聚乙二醇溶液中形成的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,所述改性植物纤维的制备方法为:
将50~60重量份的植物纤维粉碎后加入10~20重量份甘油中,然后再加入4~8重量份的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物搅拌混合均匀,升温至130℃~140℃,活化反应20~30min,即可获得改性植物纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,所述植物纤维选自玉米秸秆纤维、高粱秸秆纤维或者棉花秆纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为吐温80。
5.根据权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷或者异戊烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫保温板,其特征在于,所述固化剂为磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸或者草酸。
7.如权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫保温板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将酚醛树脂、漆酚树脂、改性植物纤维、固化剂以及增韧剂在50~70℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
8.根据权利要求7所述的酚醛泡沫保温板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)预热模具的预热温度为50~60℃。
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