CN106221051A - 建筑外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

建筑外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106221051A
CN106221051A CN201610615294.8A CN201610615294A CN106221051A CN 106221051 A CN106221051 A CN 106221051A CN 201610615294 A CN201610615294 A CN 201610615294A CN 106221051 A CN106221051 A CN 106221051A
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insulation material
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刘涛
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Hefei Guangneng New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：聚苯乙烯45～65份、二氧化硅4～8份，木质纤维4～6份、羧甲基纤维素钠3～5份、矿渣10～20份、阻燃剂4～8份、发泡剂1～5份、润滑剂0.5～1.5份与水60～80份；阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物。制备方法：首先制备聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物，然后聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水以及发泡剂加入发泡机中发泡，再将其余组分加入其中搅拌均匀，在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布并浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。该保温材料不仅燃烧性能达到A级不燃材料的标准，且具有较低导热系数。

Description

建筑外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
外墙外保温系统由保温层、保护层和固定材料(胶粘剂、锚固件等)构成并且适用于安装在外墙表面的非承重保温构造总称。外墙外保温可以减轻冷桥的影响，同时保护主体墙材不受多大的温度变性应力，在建筑节能方面做出了巨大的贡献，是目前我国建筑墙体节能中应用最为广泛的节能技术措施，也是目前国家大力倡导的保温做法。
目前，应用于我国的外墙外保温系统主要有以下几种形式：膨胀聚苯乙烯板(EPS)薄抹灰墙外保温系统、大模内置(有网、无网)外墙外保温系统、胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统、聚氨酯(喷涂、板材)外墙外保温系统、挤塑板(XPS)外墙外保温系统等。其中EPS板以价格低廉、施工简单等优点占据保温市场的很大份额。
EPS颗粒的导热系数低，保温隔热性能优异，是理想的保温材料。PS泡沫塑料属易燃材料，其极限氧指数仅为10％，遇火后分解产生苯乙烯单体、苯乙烯二聚体及碳氢化合物(如苯、低烷基苯和少量含氧芳香化合物等)，具有较好的热值。PS泡沫塑料燃烧时易产生带明火的熔融滴落，能够引燃其他易燃物，即便移走火源仍能持续燃烧，因此在堆放及建筑施工过程中易发生火灾。
发明内容
本发明提出一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，该保温材料不仅燃烧性能达到A级不燃材料的标准，且具有较低导热系数。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：
聚苯乙烯45～65份、二氧化硅4～8份，木质纤维4～6份、羧甲基纤维素钠3～5份、矿渣10～20份、阻燃剂4～8份、发泡剂1～5份、润滑剂0.5～1.5份与水60～80份；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物。
进一步，所述十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的质量比为3:1，根据增氧指数可知，该配比的阻燃剂阻燃性能最佳。
进一步，所述发泡剂为四氟乙烷、环戊烷和二氧化碳的混合物或者碳酸钙。利用四氟乙烷(导热系数为0.0145W/(m·K))与环戊烷(导热系数为0.012W/(m·K))低导热系数特性，降低聚苯乙烯发泡制品气孔内残留气体的平均导热系数，降低聚苯乙烯保温材料的导热系数。
进一步，所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙、硅油、液态石蜡中的一种或几种。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)首先按配方比例称取所需的聚苯乙烯与二氧化硅，然后将两者在蒸汽加热100～150℃的条件下进行混合搅拌，得到聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物；
2)然后将聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水以及发泡剂加入发泡机中发泡，搅拌均匀然后加入木质纤维、矿渣、羧甲基纤维素钠与润滑剂混合搅拌均匀，得到混合浆料；
3)在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，将混合浆料浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料通过二氧化硅与聚苯乙烯在蒸汽条件下进行反应形成复合颗粒，进一步与阻燃剂在发泡剂的作用下，提高了保温材料的阻燃性能，导热系数0.012～0.018w/m.k，其燃烧性能达到GB8624-1997标准规定的A级不燃材料的要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：
聚苯乙烯55份、二氧化硅6份，木质纤维5份、羧甲基纤维素钠4份、矿渣15份、阻燃剂6份、四氟乙烷4份、硬脂酸钙1份与水70份；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物，其质量比为3:1。
制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)首先按配方比例称取所需的聚苯乙烯与二氧化硅，然后将两者在蒸汽加热125℃的条件下进行混合搅拌，得到聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物；
2)然后将聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水以及四氟乙烷加入发泡机中发泡，搅拌均匀然后加入木质纤维、矿渣、羧甲基纤维素钠与硬脂酸钙混合搅拌均匀，得到混合浆料；
3)在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，将混合浆料浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。
实施例2
一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：
聚苯乙烯45份、二氧化硅4份，木质纤维6份、羧甲基纤维素钠5份、矿渣10份、阻燃剂4份、碳酸钙1份、硅油0.5份与水60份；阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物，其质量比为4:1。
制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)首先按配方比例称取所需的聚苯乙烯与二氧化硅，然后将两者在蒸汽加热100℃的条件下进行混合搅拌，得到聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物；
2)然后将聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水以及碳酸钙加入发泡机中发泡，搅拌均匀然后加入木质纤维、矿渣、羧甲基纤维素钠与硅油混合搅拌均匀，得到混合浆料；
3)在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，将混合浆料浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。
实施例3
一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：
聚苯乙烯65份、二氧化硅8份，木质纤维4份、羧甲基纤维素钠3份、矿渣20份、阻燃剂8份、四氟乙烷1份、环戊烷3份、二氧化碳2份、液态石蜡1.5份与水80份；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物，其质量比为2:1。
制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)首先按配方比例称取所需的聚苯乙烯与二氧化硅，然后将两者在蒸汽加热100～150℃的条件下进行混合搅拌，得到聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物；
2)然后将聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水、四氟乙烷、环戊烷与二氧化碳加入发泡机中发泡，搅拌均匀然后加入木质纤维、矿渣、羧甲基纤维素钠与液态石蜡混合搅拌均匀，得到混合浆料；
3)在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，将混合浆料浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。
按照相应的标准对具有上述配方的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料的各项性能进行了测试，结果参见表1。
表1本发明实施例1～3的性能测试结果
实施例 导热系数(w/m.k) 防火等级
1 0.012 A1
2 0.016 A1
3 0.018 A1
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计算，包括以下组分：
聚苯乙烯45～65份、二氧化硅4～8份，木质纤维4～6份、羧甲基纤维素钠3～5份、矿渣10～20份、阻燃剂4～8份、发泡剂1～5份、润滑剂0.5～1.5份与水60～80份；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑的质量比为3:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为四氟乙烷、环戊烷和二氧化碳的混合物或者碳酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙、硅油、液态石蜡中的一种或几种。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的建筑外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)首先按配方比例称取所需的聚苯乙烯与二氧化硅，然后将两者在蒸汽加热100～150℃的条件下进行混合搅拌，得到聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物；
2)然后将聚苯乙烯硅凝胶混合物、阻燃剂、水以及发泡剂加入发泡机中发泡，搅拌均匀然后加入木质纤维、矿渣、羧甲基纤维素钠与润滑剂混合搅拌均匀，得到混合浆料；
3)在模具底部铺设耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，将混合浆料浇筑成型，最后在浆体表面再铺一层网格布，自然养护而成。
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