CN106009493A - 酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106009493A
CN106009493A CN201610624855.0A CN201610624855A CN106009493A CN 106009493 A CN106009493 A CN 106009493A CN 201610624855 A CN201610624855 A CN 201610624855A CN 106009493 A CN106009493 A CN 106009493A
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刘涛
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料及其制备方法,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:甲阶酚醛树脂60~70份、硫酸钙晶须4~8份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在醇酸盐溶液中形成的混合物。制备方法:包括以下步骤:1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、固化剂以及增韧剂在40~60℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。该保温板强度和氧指数高,导热系数低。

Description

酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑外墙材料技术领域,具体涉及一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
酚醛保温板和聚氨酯硬泡同属有机类热固性高效保温材料,尤其近年建筑节能率的逐渐提高,应用保温材料技术性能越来越高,市场需求量越来越大。在建筑应用保温材料应用中,不但要求物理技术性能高,而且必须达到防火性能。甲阶酚醛树脂生产的泡沫和聚氨酯硬泡虽属相对较好的保温材料,但两类保温材料各有不同的优、缺点,不具有很好综合技术性能。聚氨酯树脂合成的聚氨酯硬泡,具有轻质、高强、导热系数低、韧性好和施工方便等特点,但防火性能最高只能达到B1级防火性能、氧指数最高只能达到30%。
甲阶酚醛树脂生产的酚醛保温板,具备聚氨酯硬泡保温材料主要基本优点,但防火性能比聚氨酯硬泡突出,耐火燃穿透、耐高温、低烟,氧指数高达50%,但酚醛保温板与聚氨酯硬泡比较,酚醛保温板最大的缺点是脆性大、酸性大。由于酚醛保温板的脆性大,酚醛保温板在使用时存在掉粉、弹性低、压缩强度低,导热系数不达标等问题,固有优异防火性能没能得到很好利用,因此,影响该产品应用技术的扩展,同时给运输、施工带来很多不便。尤其拉拔强度低,不易满足相关标准要求。由于酸性大,使得酚醛保温板与金属、水泥基材料接触会有一定腐蚀性。
发明内容
为了解决以上酚醛泡沫板的导热系数较高、韧性不好的问题,本发明提出一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,该保温板强度和氧指数高,导热系数低。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂60~70份、硫酸钙晶须4~8份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在醇酸盐溶液中形成的混合物。
进一步,所述醇酸盐为乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐或者柠檬酸盐;优选为乳酸钠、苹果酸钠、酒石酸钠或者柠檬酸钠。
进一步,所述醇酸盐溶液的浓度为3~8wt%。
进一步,所述表面活性剂为吐温80。
进一步,所述发泡剂为环戊烷、正戊烷或二氯甲烷。
进一步,所述固化剂为磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸或者盐酸。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、固化剂以及增韧剂在40~60℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
进一步,所述步骤2)预热模具的预热温度为30~50℃。
本发明有益效果:
1、本发明的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料其增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在醇酸盐溶液中形成的混合物,增韧效果显著,并且具有更好的阻燃与耐热性能。在40~60℃条件下,甲阶酚醛树脂、固化剂以及增韧剂进行混合,有利于甲阶酚醛树脂的增韧改性。
2、硫酸钙晶须是以石膏为原材料,通过人为控制,以单晶形式生长的,具有均匀的横截面、完整的外形、完善的内部结构的纤维状单晶体。硫酸钙晶须集增强纤维和超细无机填料二者的优势于一体。与目前常用的填充剂相比较,晶须材料可显著增强材料的强度、韧性。
3、本发明的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料的25℃导热系数为0.023~0.027W/m·K,压缩强度为0.246~0.258MPa,垂直于板面强度为0.123~0.131MPa,氧指数为62~68。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂65份、硫酸钙晶须6份、4份吐温80、环戊烷7份、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸12份与增韧剂4份,增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在5wt%柠檬酸钠溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸以及增韧剂在50℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及环戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入40℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例2
一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂60份、硫酸钙晶须4份、3份吐温80、正戊烷5份、盐酸11份与增韧剂3份,增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在3wt%酒石酸钠溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、盐酸、硫酸钙晶须以及增韧剂在40℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及正戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入30℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例3
一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂68份、硫酸钙晶须7份、5份吐温80、正戊烷8份、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸(磷酸与对苯磺酸的质量比为3:1)10份与增韧剂5份,增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在7wt%乳酸钠溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸以及增韧剂在55℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及正戊烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入45℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例4
一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂70份、硫酸钙晶须8份、6份吐温80、二氯甲烷10份、盐酸15份与增韧剂6份,增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在6wt%苹果酸钠溶液中形成的混合物。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、盐酸以及增韧剂在60℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、吐温80以及二氯甲烷混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入50℃预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
实施例5
将实施例1-4制备得到的保温板进行性能检测,结果见表1。
表1实施例1-4保温板性能检测结果
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,按重量份数计算,包括以下原料:
甲阶酚醛树脂60~70份、硫酸钙晶须4~8份、表面活性剂3~6份、发泡剂5~10份、固化剂10~15份与增韧剂3~6份,所述增韧剂是纳米氢氧化铝与氧化石墨在醇酸盐溶液中形成的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,所述醇酸盐为乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐或者柠檬酸盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,所述醇酸盐溶液的浓度为3~8wt%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为吐温80。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为环戊烷、正戊烷或二氯甲烷。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料,其特征在于,所述固化剂为磷酸和对甲苯磺酸的混合酸或者盐酸。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将甲阶酚醛树脂、硫酸钙晶须、固化剂以及增韧剂在40~60℃条件下进行混合均匀,得到混合物A;
2)将混合物A、表面活性剂以及发泡剂混合搅拌均匀,快速倒入预热的模具中发泡,固化即可。
8.根据权利要求7所述的酚醛泡沫外墙保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)预热模具的预热温度为30~50℃。
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CN106928648A (zh) * 2017-04-20 2017-07-07 北京石油化工学院 一种晶须增强增韧无卤阻燃酚醛泡沫塑料及其制备方法
CN107459765A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-12 合肥泓定科技有限公司 酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法
GB2563043A (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-05 Acell Ind Ltd Phenolic moulding material
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GB2563043B (en) * 2017-05-31 2023-01-11 Acell Ind Ltd Phenolic moulding material
CN107459765A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-12 合肥泓定科技有限公司 酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法
WO2019211559A1 (fr) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 Saint-Gobain Isover Materiau d'isolation thermique comprenant des particules d'oyde de graphite partiellement oxydees
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