CN107455128B

CN107455128B - Sun-shading topping method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1

Info

Publication number: CN107455128B
Application number: CN201710741926.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐大鹏; 姚泽恩; 王俊润; 冯虎元; 王开富
Original assignee: Lanzhou University
Current assignee: Lanzhou University
Priority date: 2017-08-25
Filing date: 2017-08-25
Publication date: 2020-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-25
Also published as: CN107455128A

Abstract

The invention discloses a sun-shading topping method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1, which comprises a control method of the illumination intensity of peas MZ-1, a technical method of topping treatment of peas MZ-1, and a sun-shading treatment method of the control method of the illumination intensity of peas MZ-1, on one hand, the illumination intensity of sunlight can be reduced, so that the peas MZ-1 grow under a proper illumination intensity, thereby promoting the growth, development and seedling formation of the peas, on the other hand, the evaporation of surface moisture can be reduced, the semiarid region planted by the peas MZ-1 is lack of rainwater, particularly rainwater is deficient in spring sowing seasons, the sun-shading treatment method reduces evaporation of surface moisture to play a role in preserving soil moisture, growth and development of the peas can be promoted, times of manual irrigation can be reduced, and manpower and water resources are saved. The topping treatment method for the peas MZ-1 is to artificially remove the apical dominance of the peas, so that axillary buds of the peas grow rapidly, branches are generated, and the biomass and the yield of the peas are improved.

Description

Sun-shading topping method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pea planting, and particularly relates to a sun-shading and top-removing method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1.

Background

Light is one of necessary environmental factors in the plant growth process, and the light provides energy for photosynthesis of plants and regulates and controls growth, development, morphological structure establishment, substance metabolism and other aspects of the plants. In the process of the action of light on plant development, the influence of the illumination intensity is very obvious, particularly the influence on the plants in the seedling stage is obvious, the relatively weak illumination intensity can promote the growth of seedlings and improve the survival rate, but the growth of the seedlings can be inhibited and even die under the condition that the illumination intensity is low to heavy yin. Therefore, in the growth process of the crops, the illumination intensity information of the crops is accurately mastered, and the crops can grow and develop better by selecting proper illumination intensity, so that the biomass and the yield of the crops are improved.

The plants have the characteristics that the development of apical meristem is better than that of other parts and the persistence is better in the growing process, which is called as apical dominance of the plants. If the apical dominance of the plant is removed by artificial means, i.e. apical removal, the axillary or lateral buds of the plant will grow rapidly and thereby affect the morphology and development of the plant, which is detrimental to certain plants or certain developmental stages of these plants, but beneficial to certain developmental stages of certain plants, and may increase the yield of the crop or optimize the morphology of the crop, etc. The method has application in agricultural production practice, such as utilization in the production process of crops such as fruit trees, flowers and the like, so as to meet the requirements of yield and appreciation. However, the method is rarely applied to the production practice of grain crops, and is not applied to the production process of coarse cereal crops, namely peas.

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) were annual entangled with herbaceous plants, introduced and grown since the time of han dynasty in our country. Peas have high economic value, and are important grain crops, and the yield and the quality of the peas directly influence the production and the life of people; secondly, peas are one of ten vegetables in the world, and fresh bean pods and pea seedlings are very popular food materials for people in various places; furthermore, the peas also have wide medicinal value, contain gibberellin, phytohemagglutinin and other substances, and have the functions of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, enhancing metabolism and the like. In addition, the pea green hay and the beanstalk can also be used as coarse feed for livestock breeding. In general, peas are economic crops indispensable to human life. Needle-leaved peas MZ-1 is a leafless pea variety introduced from the United states by the institute of agriculture academy of sciences in Gansu province as soil fertilizer and water-saving agriculture. The variety is suitable for being planted in irrigation agricultural areas of Gansu province and semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas with annual rainfall above 300mm, and is particularly suitable for intercropping with fruit trees or autumn crops in areas with the altitude below 2200 m. It has the features of disease resistance, drought resistance, early maturing, high yield, wide adaptability, etc. Therefore, the planting area in Gansu province is enlarged year by year in recent years. However, the yield of the pea MZ-1 in the current agricultural production is low, the peasant income is not high, and the technical problem of bothering the growers about how to improve the yield of the pea MZ-1 is always.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low yield and low yield in the prior art, and provides a sun-shading topping method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sun-shading topping method for pea MZ-1 yield increase, comprising the steps of:

A. selecting a commercially available sunshade net, horizontally building the selected sunshade net in the field the next day when peas MZ-1 are sowed in the field, measuring the illumination intensity by using an illuminometer, calculating the light transmittance, vertically adjusting the distance between the sunshade net and the ground to enable the light transmittance to be 50 +/-5%, and carrying out other field management according to a common treatment method in the pea field;

B. after sowing for 38-42 days, performing topping treatment when the seedling rate of the peas MZ-1 reaches more than 80%, wherein the topping mode is to remove the non-developed terminal buds at the top ends of the peas MZ-1;

C. sun shading is continued for three days after the roof is removed, meanwhile, if the precipitation is not more than 20mm within three days after the roof is removed, field watering treatment is needed, and if the precipitation is more than 20mm within three days after the roof is removed, watering treatment is not needed;

D. and removing the built sunshade net on the fourth day after topping, and continuously processing according to the field management mode of common peas.

Further, the sunshade net in the step A is a sunshade net with two needles in a commercially available weaving mode.

And furthermore, the watering mode is flood irrigation when the field watering treatment is needed in the step C.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention relates to a sunshade topping method for increasing yield of peas MZ-1, which is used for increasing yield of peas MZ-1 by a control method of illumination intensity of peas MZ-1 and a technical method of topping treatment of peas MZ-1, wherein the control method of illumination intensity of peas MZ-1 comprises a sunshade treatment method and control of sunshade time, the sunshade treatment method comprises selection of a sunshade net and a construction mode of the sunshade net, the main selection index of the sunshade net is light transmittance, the control of the sunshade time comprises sunshade starting time and sunshade ending time, the technical method of topping treatment comprises a topping method and technical treatment after topping, and the topping method comprises topping time and topping mode. The sun-shading treatment method of the control method of the illumination intensity of the peas MZ-1 can reduce the illumination intensity of sunlight to enable the peas MZ-1 to grow under a proper illumination intensity so as to promote growth, development and seedling formation of the peas on the one hand, and can also reduce evaporation of surface moisture on the other hand, rainwater in semiarid regions planted by the peas MZ-1 is insufficient, particularly rainwater is deficient in spring sowing seasons, the sun-shading treatment method reduces evaporation of the surface moisture to play a role in preserving soil moisture, growth and development of the peas can be promoted, times of manual irrigation can be reduced, and manpower and water resources are saved. The topping treatment method for the peas MZ-1 is to artificially remove the apical dominance of the peas, so that axillary buds of the peas grow rapidly, branches are generated, and the biomass and the yield of the peas are improved. The steps of the method are mutually matched to form a whole, so that the average single-plant yield of the pea MZ-1 can be improved by about 10-15%, the method can be completely applied to agricultural production of the pea MZ-1 to save water and increase income, and can also be applied to agricultural production processes of other leafless pea varieties.

2. The sunshade net selected by the invention is a sunshade net which is generally sold in the market and has a weaving mode of two needles, the light transmittance is 50 +/-5%, and the growth and development of the peas MZ-1 can be better promoted by sunshade treatment of the sunshade net within the light transmittance range, so that the seedling rate of the peas is improved. Meanwhile, after the pea MZ-1 is subjected to topping treatment, the precipitation amount does not exceed 20mm within three days, field watering treatment is required, branches of the pea MZ-1 are rapidly increased after the treatment is finished, and the branch ratio can reach 2-3 times of that of the current production method. In addition, the topping time of the invention is that topping treatment is carried out after the seedling rate of the peas MZ-1 reaches more than 80%, the seedling is that when five pairs of leaf supports of the peas are unfolded, the peas MZ-1 are already grown into seedlings, plants are strong, the growth cannot be stressed due to topping, and the branching effect after topping is dominant, so that the yield is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the seedling rate of the field test of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the branching ratio of the field trial of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the effect of topping time on pea yield in field trials of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top-out view of peas according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.

A sun-shading topping method for pea MZ-1 yield increase, comprising the steps of: selecting a sunshade net with a commercial weaving mode of two needles, horizontally building the selected sunshade net in the field the next day when peas MZ-1 are sowed in the field, measuring the illumination intensity by using an illuminometer, calculating the light transmittance, adjusting the distance between the sunshade net and the ground up and down to enable the light transmittance to be 50 +/-5%, and performing other field management according to a common treatment method in the pea field; after sowing for 38-42 days, when the seedling rate of the peas MZ-1 reaches more than 80%, carrying out topping treatment in a way of removing the non-developed top buds at the tops of the peas MZ-1, wherein the area encircled by the ellipse is the topping part of the peas MZ-1 as shown in figure 4; sun shading is continued for three days after the roof is removed, and meanwhile, if the precipitation amount within three days after the roof is removed does not exceed 20mm, field watering treatment is needed, the watering mode is flood irrigation, and if the precipitation amount within three days after the roof is removed exceeds 20mm, watering treatment is not needed; and removing the built sunshade net on the fourth day after topping, and continuously processing according to the field management mode of common peas.

Performing field test on MZ-1 seedling rate of peas treated by the sunshade net with different light transmittance, wherein the test process of a test group (A, B, C) is performed according to the steps of the embodiment of the invention, the sunshade net selected by different groups is different, and other steps and process conditions are the same; the Control (CK) test procedure is the current production method. The test results are shown in FIG. 1, in which the ordinate is percentage of seedling formation rate, the abscissa is the number of days counted from day 38 after sowing, CK is the control group, A is the two-needle sunshade net treatment and has a light transmittance of 50 + -5%, B is the three-needle sunshade net treatment and has a light transmittance of 30 + -5%, and C is the four-needle sunshade net treatment and has a light transmittance of 20 + -3%. The test result shows that the seedling rate of the two-needle sunshade net treated peas MZ-1 with the light transmittance of 50 +/-5 percent is the best and is higher than that of a control group of the current production method.

Performing field test on MZ-1 branch ratio of peas subjected to treatment of different light transmittances of the sunshade net, wherein the test process of the test group (A) is performed according to the steps of the embodiment of the invention; the Control (CK) test procedure is the current production method. The test results are shown in FIG. 2, in which the ordinate of FIG. 2 is the branching ratio, the abscissa of FIG. 2 is the number of days counted from the next day after topping, CK is the control group, A is the two-needle sunshade net treatment and the light transmittance is 50. + -. 5%. The test result shows that the MZ-1 branches of the peas treated by the two-needle sunshade net with the light transmittance of 50 +/-5 percent are increased rapidly, and the branch ratio can reach 2 to 3 times of that of a control group of the current production method.

The method comprises the following steps of carrying out a field test aiming at the influence of topping time on the yield of the pea MZ-1, carrying out the test process of a test group (D, E, F) according to the steps of the embodiment of the invention, wherein different groups have different topping time, and other steps and process conditions are the same; the Control (CK) test procedure is the current production method. The results are shown in FIG. 3, where the mean individual pea filling (in number) and mean individual pea yield (in grams) are plotted on the ordinate and the group is plotted on the abscissa: CK is a control group, D is that the topping is carried out when the number of one pair of the plants with the leaf-supporting expansion reaches more than 80%, E is that the topping is carried out when the number of three pairs of the plants with the leaf-supporting expansion reaches more than 80%, and F is that the topping is carried out when the number of five pairs of the plants with the leaf-supporting expansion (seedling) reaches more than 80%. The test result shows that the topping stress effect is obvious when the number of one pair of leaf-supporting spread plants reaches more than 80% and when the number of three pairs of leaf-supporting spread plants reaches more than 80%, the yield of the pea MZ-1 is reduced, and when the number of five pairs of leaf-supporting spread plants reaches more than 80%, the pea becomes seedlings and is robust, at the moment, the growth of the topping-removed pea MZ-1 cannot generate stress due to topping, the branching effect after topping is dominant, so that the yield is increased, and the average single plant yield of the pea MZ-1 can be increased by 10% -15%.

Claims

1. A sun-shading topping method for increasing yield of pea MZ-1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

C. sun shading is continued for three days after the roof is removed, and meanwhile, if the precipitation amount within three days after the roof is removed does not exceed 20mm, field watering treatment is needed, the watering mode is flood irrigation, and if the precipitation amount within three days after the roof is removed exceeds 20mm, watering treatment is not needed;

2. The sun shading topping method for pea MZ-1 stimulation of claim 1, wherein: the sunshade net in the step A is a sunshade net with two needles in a commercially available weaving mode.