CN107438604B - 新吡啶化合物 - Google Patents
新吡啶化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107438604B CN107438604B CN201680020723.5A CN201680020723A CN107438604B CN 107438604 B CN107438604 B CN 107438604B CN 201680020723 A CN201680020723 A CN 201680020723A CN 107438604 B CN107438604 B CN 107438604B
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- -1 pyridine compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 37
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 178
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 38
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- KFVAPPIIHMDKOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-methylsulfonyl-1-(2-oxo-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)-2H-pyridine-3-carbohydrazide hydrochloride Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NNC(=O)C1=CC=CN(C1)CC(=O)C2=CC=CS2.Cl KFVAPPIIHMDKOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical class OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- SHRITMLAKAATEW-UHFFFAOYSA-O n'-methylsulfonyl-1-(2-oxo-2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)pyridin-1-ium-3-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NNC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+](CC(=O)C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 SHRITMLAKAATEW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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Abstract
本发明涉及新吡啶化合物,它们的同分异构体、立体异构体、阻转异构体、构象异构体、互变异构体、多晶形物、水合物和溶剂化物。本发明还涵盖了用于制备新化合物和所述化合物的药物组合物的方法。本发明还涉及上述化合物用于制备用作药物的药剂的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新吡啶化合物,它们的同分异构体、立体异构体、阻转异构体(阿托异构体,atropisomer)、构象异构体、互变异构体、多晶形物(多形体,同质异像体,polymorph)、水合物和溶剂化物。本发明还涵盖了用于制备新化合物和所述化合物的药物组合物的方法。本发明还涉及上述化合物在制备用作药物的药剂中的用途。
背景技术
通过还原糖(如葡萄糖)和蛋白质之间的一系列复杂反应形成晚期糖基化终产物(AGE),从而导致形成了引发一些病理事件的多聚体复合物(Pathak等人;Eur J Med Res(2008)13:388-398)。
晚期糖基化终产物(AGE)已参与多种衰竭性疾病,如糖尿病并发症、动脉粥样硬化、阿尔兹海默症和类风湿性关节炎的病理发生,并且参与正常衰老过程。在糖尿病中,当血糖水平显著高于正常时,葡萄糖与一些蛋白质,如血红蛋白和胶原蛋白反应以导致形成AGE,进而,AGE的形成又引起与糖尿病有关的并发症,如肾病、神经病、微血管病、内皮功能障碍及其它器官功能障碍。另外,一些生长因子,如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的活性也会受损。不同于组织中正常的蛋白质,AGE产物具有更缓慢的周转和补充速率。据报道AGE产物事实上可以引起涉及RAGE(晚期糖基化终产物的受体)的复杂免疫反应,和一些未完全定义的免疫学过程的激活。据文档记录具有微血管病和大血管病迹象的糖尿病还显示出氧胁迫迹象,但其中的机制尚未阐明。(Stehouwer等人;Cardiovascular Research 1997;34:55-68和Smit等人;Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004;11:2767-84)。由于AGE形成的临床意义,基于AGE积累的干涉已尝试了一些成功的治疗方法。其中一种方法是通过施用治疗剂抑制AGE从其前体形成。在控制组织中AGE水平的另一种方法中,施用可以逆转或破坏AGE交联的治疗剂,特别是在其中AGE交联已积累至导致亚临床或临床病理学的水平的那些组织中。
EP1243581、EP1222171和EP1373263将吡啶衍生物描述为控制与糖尿病和衰老相关病症有关的并发症的AGE抑制剂或AGE破坏剂。
Joline等人公开了作为治疗糖尿病肾病的AGE抑制剂的吡多胺类化合物,并且推断当用于治疗糖尿病时,应测试吡多胺化合物的安全谱。(J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;3:6-8)。
尽管现有技术提供了多种AGE抑制剂和具有包括AGE抑制和AGE破坏的双重活性的化合物;但是尚无AGE特异性分子到达临床晚期。仍需要用于治疗和控制由于AGE的形成和积累所导致的多种病理的安全且有效的新型治疗分子。
本发明提供了作为AGE抑制剂和AGE破坏剂的新吡啶化合物,其已显示出改善的效力和所期望的安全谱。
发明内容
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了式(I)所表示的新化合物,
及其同分异构体、立体异构体、阻转异构体、构象异构体、互变异构体、多晶形物、水合物和溶剂化物;
其中;
Y-为Y的阴离子;
Y选自硝酸、(C2-C12)烷基磺酸、(C3-C12)环烷基磺酸、初级胆汁酸、次级胆汁酸、结合胆汁酸(conjugated bile acid)、CH3-(CH2)Z-COOH、支链(C4-C14)烷烃羧酸、(C4-C14)烯烃羧酸、(C4-C14)炔烃羧酸和C3-C12环烷烃羧酸;
Z选自1至14;
n选自0至5;
R1独立地选自氢、(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)全卤代烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、杂(C3-C14)环烷基、芳基、芳基(C1-C8)烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、甲酰胺基、-NHCO-(C1-C8)烷基、-NR5R6、酰基、酰氧基、(C1-C8)烷氧基羰基、磺酰氨基、卤基、氰基和硝基;
R2选自R4、-C(O)R4、-C(O)NHR4、-SO2R4、-C(O)NR5R6或者结构A(I);
R3独立地选自(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)全卤代烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、杂(C3-C14)环烷基、芳基、芳基(C1-C8)烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基、-NR5R6、-NHR4、酰氧基和磺酰胺;
R4选自(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)全卤代烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、杂(C3-C14)环烷基、芳基、芳基(C1-C8)烷基和杂芳基;
R5和R6独立地选自氢、(C1-C8)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、芳基、芳基(C1-C8)烷基和杂芳基或者R5和R6可以一起形成4-8元饱和或不饱和的单环或双环,可以与可以可选地含有1至2个选自O、N和S的杂原子的苯稠合。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了用于制备如本文在方案1至3中所述的式(I)所表示的化合物的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包含可选地与药用赋形剂、佐剂或载体混合的式(I)所表示的化合物的药物组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了通过向对其有需要的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式(I)所表示的化合物来治疗疾病病况的方法,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
本发明的另一个实施方式为式(I)所表示的化合物用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了包含式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂的药物组合,所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了通过施用治疗有效量的式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂来治疗疾病病况的方法,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤;所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐;所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
附图说明
图1:化合物1对糖尿病大鼠中神经传导速度(NCV)的影响。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了式(I)所表示的新化合物,
及其同分异构体、立体异构体、阻转异构体、构象异构体、互变异构体、多晶形物、水合物和溶剂化物,其中Y、Y-、n、R1、R2和R3为如上所定义的。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了式(I)所表示的新化合物,其中Y为CH3-(CH2)Z-COOH,Y-为CH3-(CH2)Z-COO-;并且Z、n、R1、R2和R3为如上所定义的。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了式(I)所表示的新化合物,其中n为1-3,最优选地n为1;和Y、Y-、Z、R1、R2和R3为如上所定义的。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了式(II)所表示的新化合物,
其中n为1至3,更优选地n为1至2,最优选地,n为1。
出乎意料地注意到当n大于0,优选地为1-3,更优选地为1-2,最优选地为1时,它提高了所述化合物的治疗效力。
在上式(I)内特别关心的具体化合物的种类包括如下所示的化合物:
定义:
除非在具体情况中另外限制,否则以下定义适用于如在整个说明书中所使用的术语:
本文所使用的术语“化合物”是指本文所公开的通式所涵盖的任何化合物。本文所述的化合物可以含有一个或多个双键,并因此可以作为异构体、立体异构体,如几何异构体、E和Z异构体存在,并且可以具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)并因此可以作为对映异构体或非对映异构体存在。因此,本文所述的化学结构涵盖了所示化合物的所有可能的立体异构体,其包括立体异构纯的形式(例如,几何异构纯的)和立体异构混合物(外消旋物)。本文所述的化合物可以作为构象异构体(如椅式或船式)存在。本文所述的化合物还可以作为阻转异构体存在。所述化合物也可以以几种互变异构形式存在,其包括烯醇式、酮式及其混合物。因此,本文所述的化学结构涵盖了所示化合物的所有可能互变异构形式。所述化合物还包括同位素标记的化合物,其中一个或多个原子的原子量与自然界通常存在的原子量不同。可以引入本发明所述的化合物的同位素的实例包括(但不限于)2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O等。化合物可以以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形成(包括水合式)存在。一般地,化合物可以是水合物或溶剂化物。某些化合物可以以多种结晶或无定形形式存在。一般地,对于本文中所考虑的用途来说,所有物理形式是等价的,并且旨在包含在本发明的范围内。
除非本文中另外说明或明显与背景相矛盾,否则在描述本发明的背景中(具体地,在以下权利要求的背景中),术语“一”和“一种”和“所述”以及类似所指对象的使用将视为包括单数和复数两者。
如本文所使用的,术语“多晶型物”涉及具有相同化学式、相同盐类型并且具有相同水合物/溶剂化物形式但是具有不同结晶性质的化合物。
如本文所使用的,术语“水合物”涉及具有键合至所述化合物的一些水分子的化合物。
如本文所使用的,术语“溶剂化物”涉及具有键合至所述化合物的一些溶剂分子的化合物。
如本文所使用的,术语“取代的”包括通过指定取代基的单取代和多取代,其达到了所述单取代或多取代(包括在相同位点的多取代)是在化学上允许的并且它表示指定原子上任何一个或多个氢被从指定基团中所选的基团替代的程度,条件是不超过指定原子的正常价态,并且所述取代导致产生了稳定的化合物,例如,当取代基是酮时,那么替换该原子上的两个氢。本文所述的所有取代基(R1、R2……)和它们其它的取代基可以在任何杂原子或碳原子上连接到主结构,这导致形成了稳定的化合物。
单独或与另一个基团结合使用的术语“烷基”是指具有如碳数所表示的碳原子的可选地取代的饱和脂肪烃基。例如,(C1-C8)烷基表示具有选自1至8个碳原子的烷基。所述“烷基”为直链的,例如,甲基、乙基、n-丙基、n-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基,或者是支链的,并且它可以含有一个或多个双键或三键。当所述烷基含有一个或多个双键或三键时,它分别被称为“烯烃”和炔烃。所述烷基还可以以螺方式含有(C3-C6)环烷基。所述烷基、烯烃和炔烃可以可选地被卤素、氰基、硝基、(C1-C8)全卤代烷基、(C1-C8)烷基、芳基、环(C3-C8)烷基、杂(C3-C14)环烷基或芳基(C1-C8)烷基取代。
单独或与另一个基团结合使用的术语“烷氧基”是指通过氧桥连接到母体分子部分的如本文以上所定义的任何烷基,其具有如碳数所表示的碳原子。例如,(C1-C8)烷氧基表示通过氧桥连接的具有1-8个碳原子的烷基。所述烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、n-丙氧基、异丙氧基、n-丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基以及直链和支链的戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基和辛氧基。
单独或与另一个基团结合使用的术语“环烷基”是指具有如碳数所表示的碳原子的可选地取代的完全或部分饱和的环状环系。例如,(C3-C8)环烷基表示具有选自3至8个碳原子的环烷基。所述“环烷基”表示在环系主链中仅含碳原子的环状环系,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。环烷基可以具有任意饱和度,条件所述环系中至少一个环不是芳香族的。
术语“芳基”是指(例如)作为6-10元单环或双环含碳环系的芳基。所述芳族基团包括(但不限于)苯基、萘基、联苯基(biphenyl)、四氢萘基和茚满基。优选地,芳基为苯基、茚满基或萘基。所述芳基可以被氢、卤素、(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、-OH或三氟甲基单取代或双取代。
术语“杂芳基”是指(例如)作为5-14元单环或双环环系,具有至少一个杂原子的芳基。如本文所使用的术语“杂原子”包括O、N、S,其中n为如上所定义的。在双环环系中,环可以通过桥杂原子稠合。所述杂芳基基团包括(但不限于)吡咯基、呋喃基(呋喃基)、苯硫基(噻吩基)、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、氧杂二唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基、吡啶基(吡啶基)、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基(苯并噻吩基)、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基,喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基或者萘啶基。所述杂芳基可以被氢、卤素、(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、-OH或三氟甲基单取代或双取代。
术语“杂(C3-C14)环烷基”是指(例如)作为3-14元单环或双环环系,具有至少一个杂原子的完全或部分饱和的环基。如本文所使用的术语“杂原子”包括O、N、S。在双环杂环系统中,至少一个环不是芳香族的并且所述环可以以螺方式彼此连接。所述杂(C3-C14)环烷基可以被氢、卤素、(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、-OH或三氟甲基单取代或双取代。
如本文所使用的,“室温”或“RT”是指20℃至35℃的温度。
如本文所使用的,术语“哺乳动物”表示人或动物,如猴、灵长类、狗、猫、马、牛等。
如本文所使用的术语任何疾病或病症的“治疗(treating)”或“治疗(treatment)”是指向对其有需要的哺乳动物施用化合物。就完全或部分预防或迟延疾病或病症或者其病征或症状的发生而言,可以施用所述化合物,借此提供预防作用;和/或可以施用所述化合物,借此提供疾病或病症和/或可归因于所述病症的不良影响的部分或完全治愈。
短语“治疗有效量”表示当施用于患者来治疗、预防或控制疾病时,足以使所述治疗、预防或控制对该疾病有效的化合物的量。“治疗有效量”将基于化合物、施用形式、疾病及其严重程度以及待治疗患者的年龄、体重等而改变。
除非上下文要求,否则在整个说明书和所附权利要求中,应理解词语“包含”、“具有”和“包括”及其变化形式将包括性地理解。也就是说,这些词语的使用可以表示包括未具体列举的元素。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了制备式(I)所表示的化合物的方法。
给出了以下反应方案以公开根据本发明的化合物的合成。
因此,可以如以下方案中所述制备本发明所述的式(I)所表示的化合物。
方案1:R1、R2、R4、R5和R6与以上对式(I)所表示的化合物所定义的相同,并且R是(C1-C6)烷基。
可以通过将(1)、适合的醇和无机酸,如盐酸、硫酸、氢溴酸,更优选地和硫酸的混合物回流来制备如方案-1中所示的式(1a)所表示的化合物。
可以通过将式(1a)所表示的化合物或式(1b)所表示的化合物与水合肼在非质子或质子溶剂,如乙腈、四氢呋喃、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇等,优选地异丙醇和乙腈,或者非极性溶剂,如甲苯或其组合中的溶液回流制备式(1c)所表示的化合物。
可以通过在存在非质子溶剂,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷,优选地四氢呋喃,和有机或无机碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等的情况下,将化合物(1c)与适合的磺酰氯反应来制备式(1d)所表示的化合物。
可以通过可选地在存在溶剂,如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等的情况下将化合物(1)与氯化剂,如亚硫酰氯、草酰氯、五氯化磷、磷酰氯、三氯化磷、磺酰氯,更优选地亚硫酰氯反应以提供相应的酸性氯化物,然后在存在适合的碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等的情况下与取代的肼反应来制备式(1e)所表示的化合物。
作为另外一种选择,可以通过可选地在存在质子或非质子溶剂,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺等的情况下,将取代的肼的衍生物与化合物(la)反应来制备式(1e)所表示的化合物。
可以通过在存在碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等和非质子溶剂,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等的情况下,将化合物(1c)与适合的酸性氯化物反应来制备式(1f)所表示的化合物。
可以通过可选地在存在溶剂,如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等的情况下将化合物(1)与氯化剂,如亚硫酰氯、草酰氯、五氯化磷、磷酰氯、三氯化磷、磺酰氯,更优选地亚硫酰氯反应以提供相应的酸性氯化物,然后在存在碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、肼、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等和非质子溶剂,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等的情况下与水合肼反应来制备式(1g)所表示的化合物。
可以通过可选地在存在溶剂,如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等的情况下将化合物(1)与氯化剂,如亚硫酰氯、草酰氯、五氯化磷、磷酰氯、三氯化磷、磺酰氯,更优选地亚硫酰氯反应以提供相应的酸性氯化物,然后在存在碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等和非质子溶剂,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等的情况下与取代的酮基酰肼反应来制备式(1h)所表示的化合物。
可以通过在存在溶剂,如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,4-二噁烷等和碱,如吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾等的情况下,将化合物(1c)与适合的异氰酸盐反应来制备式(1i)所表示的化合物。
方案-2:R3与以上对式(I)所表示的化合物所定义的相同。
可以使用适当的卤化剂,如溴、氯、亚硫酰氯、磺酰氯、氢溴酸,更优选地磺酰氯和溴,在非质子溶剂,如(但不限于)四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷,更优选地乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷中,通过取代的乙酰基(2)的酸催化卤化作用来制备式(2a)所表示的化合物。
可以在存在质子或非质子溶剂,如异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等的情况下,通过将如方案-1所示的式(1d)或(1e)或(1f)或(1g)或(1h)或(1i)所表示的化合物与如方案-2所示的式(2a)所表示的化合物加热来制备化合物(3)。
可以通过在质子或非质子溶剂,如水、甲醇等中将化合物(3)与酸Y的钠盐反应,或者通过在存在极性质子或非质子溶剂,如水和无机碱,如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等,更优选地氢氧化钠的情况下将化合物(3)与酸Y反应来制备式(I)所表示的化合物。作为另外一种选择,在极性质子或非质子溶剂,如水中,化合物(3)与无机碱,如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等或有机碱,如三乙胺等,更优选地碳酸氢钠反应以提供化合物(3a),然后将所述化合物(3a)分离并且可选地在存在质子或非质子溶剂,如水、甲醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃等的情况下与酸Y反应以提供式(I)所表示的化合物。
方案3:R1、R2、R3、Y和Y-与对式(I)所表示的化合物所定义的相同;X是卤离子,并且X-是卤化物的阴离子;
可以通过在质子或非质子溶剂,如水、甲醇等中将化合物(3b)与酸Y的钠盐反应来制备式(I)所表示的其它化合物。可以使用多种酸(AH),在质子或非质子溶剂,如水、甲醇或其混合物中从(3a)制备化合物(3b),其中A-是反离子,其选自烷基磺酸根、芳基磺酸根、杂芳基磺酸根、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、高氯酸根、草酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酸根、酒石酸根、丙二酸根、琥珀酸根、马来酸根、延胡索酸根、己二酸根、谷氨酸根、乙醇酸根、乳酸根、丙酮酸根、辛二酸盐、苹果酸根、柠檬酸根、硝酸根、芳基羧酸根、杂芳基羧酸根、肉桂酸根、邻苯二甲酸根、扁桃酸根等。
作为另外一种选择,在存在加入酸Y后,则提供式(I)所表示的化合物的适合的碱和溶剂的情况下,化合物(3b)可以转化为化合物(3a)。
作为给定方案的替代,使用常规合成有机技术,本领域技术人员将从可商购的或者可以容易地制备的适合的起始材料容易地合成根据本发明所述的化合物。
本发明的一个实施方式提供了制备式(I)所表示的化合物的方法,其包括将式(3)所表示的化合物
或者将式(3b)所表示的化合物
在存在溶剂或碱或其混合物的情况下,与Y或其药用盐反应;
其中R1、R2、R3、Y和A-为如上所定义的,并且X是卤离子(卤化物,halide)。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了制备式(I)所表示的化合物的方法,其包括将式(3a)所表示的化合物
可选地在存在溶剂或碱或其混合物的情况下,与Y或其药用盐反应;其中R1、R2、R3和Y为如上所定义的。
本发明优选的实施方式提供了制备式(II)所表示的化合物的方法,其包括:在存在溶剂和可选地在存在碱的情况下,将3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓的药用盐与CH3-(CH2)8-COOH或其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐反应,其中所述药用盐选自卤化物、烷基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、杂芳基磺酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、高氯酸盐、草酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、己二酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙醇酸盐、乳酸盐、丙酮酸盐、辛二酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、硝酸盐、芳基羧酸盐、杂芳基羧酸盐、肉桂酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、扁桃酸盐等。
以6.0:0.5至0.5:6.0的摩尔比,将所述式(3)、(3a)、(3b)所表示的化合物或3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓的药用盐与酸Y或其药用盐,如CH3-(CH2)8-COOH的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐使用。优选地,所述摩尔比为2.0:1.0至1.0:2.0。更具体地,以1.0:1.0的摩尔比使用3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐和CH3-(CH2)8-COOH或其钠盐。
优选地,在存在一种或多种溶剂的情况下进行如本文以上所述的根据本发明的新方法。所述溶剂可以选自水、乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙腈、二噁烷、二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯甲烷、醚或其混合物。优选地,将极性溶剂,如水或其混合物与其它极性溶剂,如甲醇一起使用。
另外,式(I)或(II)所表示的化合物可以经受非极性溶剂,如庚烷、己烷或甲苯;更优选地庚烷的清洗。
无论在什么情况下使用,碱选自有机或无机碱,如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钾、三乙胺和吡啶。
因此,本发明优选的实施方式提供了制备式(I)所表示的化合物的方法,其包括:
其中式(3)或(3b)所表示的化合物与Y或其药用盐的比值在6.0:0.5至0.5:6.0的范围内;
并且R1、R2、R3、Y和A-为如上所定义的,并且X是卤离子。
据观察当式(3)、(3a)或(3b)所表示的化合物与酸Y在存在无机或有机碱的情况下反应以制备式(I)所表示的化合物时,酸Y与无机/有机碱的摩尔比对式(I)所表示的化合物的分离具有显著影响。在制备根据本发明的式(I)所表示的化合物的方法中,Y与所使用的无机/有机碱的摩尔比为0.5:1.0至6.0:1.0。优选地,所述摩尔比为1.0:1.0至2.0:1.0。更优选地,以1.0:1.0的摩尔比使用CH3-(CH2)8-COOH和氢氧化钠或三乙胺。
本发明的替代实施方式提供了制备式(I)所表示的化合物的方法,其包括
a)将选自(1d)、(1e)、(1f)、(1g)、(1h)或(1i)的化学式所表示的化合物与式(2a)所表示的化合物反应。
b)可选地在存在溶剂或碱或其混合物的情况下,在步骤a)中获得的反应混合物中加入Y或其药用盐以提供式(I)所表示的化合物。
其中化合物(1d)、(1e)、(1f)、(1g)、(1h)、(1i)、(2a)和Y为如上所定义的。
对根据本发明所述的任何方法所得的式(I)所表示的化合物进行干燥。干燥方法包括加热或不加热情况下的真空干燥或空气干燥。优选地,干燥方法为通过使用流化床干燥器的空气干燥。当使用已知技术测量以计算水,如通过KF时,式I所表示的化合物的干燥用于获得含水量小于5.0%,优选地小于2.0%,最优选地小于1.0%的式I所表示的化合物。出乎意料地,含水量的控制改善了式(I)所表示的化合物的流动性。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方式提供了式I所表示的化合物,其中所述化合物通过KF的水小于5.0%,优选地小于2.0%,最优选地小于1.0%。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了式I所表示的化合物,其中所述化合物处于脱水、一水合物或二水合物的形式。优选地,式I所表示的化合物处于脱水形式,其特征在于含水量小于2.0%,优选地,小于1.0%,如通过费歇尔滴定法(Karl Fischer Titration,KF)所测量的,以及熔点为99.48℃+/-2至103.22℃+/-2,如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)所测量的。
反应时间、温度、溶剂和/或试剂的改变可以提高得率是在本领域技术人员的技术范围内的。
本发明所述的化合物可以具有手性中心并且作为外消旋物、外消旋混合物存在和作为单一非对应异构体或对映异构体存在,其中所有异构形式包含在本发明内。因此,当化合物是手性的时,基本不含另一种对映异构体的单独的对映异构体包含在本发明的范围内;还包括两个对映异构体的所有混合物。
在本发明的说明书中,以它们已知的预定含义使用了一些常规术语,在下文中对它们进行了定义:
ESI | 电喷雾离子化 |
APCI | 大气压化学离子化 |
使用单四极杆质谱(Water ZQ 2000仪器),使用APCI电离技术(电喷雾化学电离探针)或者使用Finnigan LXQ,热仪器技术(thermo instrument Technique),使用ESI或APCI,测量根据本发明制备的化合物的分子量。
使用适合的材料,根据如本文以上所述方案的程序制备了本发明所述的新化合物,并且通过以下具体实施例对所述化合物进行了进一步举例说明。不应将实施例认为或视作对所述本发明的范围的限制。
用于制备根据本发明的化合物的实施例:
实施例1:化合物第1号的制备
步骤(a):烟酸甲酯的制备
向烟酸(200gm)在甲醇(440ml)中搅拌的冷混悬液中缓慢加入硫酸(270ml)以控制放热。将反应混合物在80-98℃加热并搅拌3小时。将反应混合物冷却至RT,在冰冷的水中冷激并用液氨中和。用二氯甲烷(1000ml)萃取中和溶液,用硫酸钠干燥并在真空下蒸发以提供作为低熔点淡黄至黄白色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):9.096-9.091(1H,单峰),8.833-8.818(1H,二重峰),8.32-8.29(1H,二重峰),7.60-7.56(1H,三重峰),3.29(3H,单峰)
质荷比(m/z):138(M++1)
IR(KBr):1727.1cm-1,1289.3cm-1
步骤(b):烟酸酰肼的制备
向烟酸甲酯(500gm)在异丙醇中的搅拌溶液中加入水合肼(80%)(460ml)。将所得混合物在80-85℃加热并搅拌4小时。将反应混合物冷却至RT。将分离的固体过滤,用异丙醇清洗,并干燥以提供作为黄白色固体的标题化合物。
作为另外一种选择,通过在烟酰胺(100gm)在甲苯中的搅拌混悬液中加入水合肼80%(100ml),然后在80-90℃加热并搅拌10-15小时来制备标题化合物。将反应混合物冷却至50-60℃。加入四氢呋喃,并将反应混合物在40-45℃搅拌2-3小时。将分离的固体过滤、吸干并在四氢呋喃中在40-45℃搅拌1-2小时。将固体过滤,用四氢呋喃清洗,并干燥以提供作为黄白色固体的烟酸酰肼。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):9.967(1H,单峰),8.967-8.961(1H,单峰),8.699-8.683(1H,二重峰),8.167-8.138(1H,二重峰),7.512-7.479(1H,三重峰),4.567(2H,单峰)
质荷比(m/z):138(M++1)
IR(KBr):3211.3cm-1,1670.2cm-1
步骤(c):N'-(甲基磺酰基)吡啶-3-卡巴肼的制备
向烟酸酰肼(100gm)在四氢呋喃(700ml)中的搅拌混悬液中加入吡啶(119ml),然后加入甲磺酰氯(56.75ml)。将所得混悬液回流4小时。将反应混合物冷却至RT并过滤固体。将固体在水中重结晶,并干燥以提供作为黄白色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):10.95(1H,单峰),9.74(1H,单峰),9.031-9.027(1H,二重峰),8.744-8.759(1H,二重峰),8.242-8.214(1H,二重峰),7.517-7.539(1H,三重峰),3.04(1H,单峰)
质荷比(m/z):214(M++1)
IR(KBr):3287.4cm-1,1686.6cm-1,1313.4cm-1
步骤(d):-2-氯-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮的制备
向2-乙酰基噻吩(100gm)在乙酸乙酯(900ml)中搅拌的冷溶液中加入在10-20℃用乙酸乙酯稀释(100ml)的磺酰氯(80ml)。将反应物在RT搅拌1小时并在水中冷激。分离有机层,并用水,然后用盐水溶液清洗。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,并蒸发以提供液体,将所述液体通过异丙基:环己烷(1:10)进一步纯化以提供作为白色至黄白色粉末的标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):8.10-8.11(1H,dd),8.04-8.05(1H,dd),7.28-7.30.027(1H,dt),5.09(1H,单峰)
质荷比(m/z):161(M++1)
IR(KBr):2990cm-1,2945cm-1,1674.57cm-1
步骤(e):3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶
盐酸盐的制备
将N'-(甲基磺酰基)吡啶-3-卡巴肼(100gm)和2-氯-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮(89.5gm)在二甲基甲酰胺(500ml)中的混悬液在85-90℃加热并搅拌15小时。将分离的固体过滤,用二甲基甲酰胺清洗,然后用乙酸乙酯清洗。将固体在乙酸乙酯中回流,过滤并且最后从甲醇中重结晶并干燥以提供作为白色至黄白色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):11.57(1H,单峰),9.97(1H,单峰),9.58-9.027(1H,单峰),9.21-9.15(2H,两个二重峰),8.42(1H,未分开的三重峰),8.24-8.27(2H,未分开的多重峰),7.43(1H,三重峰),6.50(2H,单峰),3.11(3H,单峰)
质荷比(m/z):340(M+)
IR(KBr):3319.3cm-1,1713.6cm-1,1672.2cm-1,1336.6cm-1
步骤(f):化合物第1号
(方法A)
在RT下,向n-癸酸(45.8gm)在水中(600ml)的搅拌混悬液中加入氢氧化钠(10.6gm)的水溶液(400ml),然后加入3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(100gm)的水溶液(2000ml)并搅拌1小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水(600ml)清洗,并干燥以提供标题化合物。将干燥的固体在n-庚烷(275ml)中在10-15℃搅拌30分钟,过滤,用n-庚烷(55ml)清洗并干燥以提供作为固体的标题化合物(41.0gm)。
(方法B)
在RT下,向n-癸酸(4.58gm)在甲醇中(100ml)的搅拌混悬液中加入氢氧化钠(1.05gm)的水溶液(20ml),然后加入3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(10gm)的水溶液(100ml)。将反应混合物搅拌1小时,加入水(300ml)并进一步在RT搅拌1小时。将分离的固体过滤并干燥以提供作为固体的标题化合物(6.1gm)。
(方法C)
在RT,向癸酸钠(5.1gm)在水(50ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(10gm)在水(100ml)中的溶液并搅拌1小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水(100ml)清洗,并干燥以提供作为固体的标题化合物(5.4gm)。
(方法D)
在RT,向3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(5gm)在水(50ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入三乙胺(1.5ml)。30分钟后,在RT加料搅拌的n-癸酸(2.28gm)。将反应物在RT搅拌1-2小时。将所得固体过滤,用水(50ml×2)清洗,并干燥以获得作为固体的标题化合物(4.6gm)。将所得固体在n-庚烷(23ml)中在RT搅拌30分钟,过滤,用n-庚烷(5ml)清洗并干燥以提供作为固体的标题化合物(3gm)。
(方法E)
在RT下,向n-癸酸(45.8gm)在水中(600ml)的搅拌混悬液中加入氢氧化钠(10.6gm)的水溶液(400ml),然后加入3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(100gm)的水溶液(2000ml)并搅拌1小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水(2000ml)清洗,并吸干。将吸干的固体在流化床干燥器中干燥以获得作为固体的标题化合物(47.30gm),其HPLC纯度大于99%。
如以上所获得的化合物1表征为:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):0.839-0.872(6H,多重峰),1.242(24H,多重峰),1.460-1.493(4H,多重峰),2.157-2.194(4H,三重峰),2.896-2.922(1H,多重峰),6.452(2H,多重宽峰),7.336(1H,多重宽峰),8.064-8.211(3H,多重宽峰),8.890(2H,多重宽峰),9.439(1H,多重宽峰)
IR(KBr):2924cm-1,2853cm-1,1679cm-1,1336cm-1
实施例2
步骤(a):3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶
溴化物
使用2-溴-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮,类似地如实施例1的步骤e中所述制备化合物。
步骤(b):化合物第1号
(方法A)
在10-25℃,向3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶溴化物(100.0gm)在水(800ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入碳酸氢钠的饱和水溶液以达到pH7.0.5-7.5,并搅拌2.5-3小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水清洗并干燥。将干燥固体在热水中进一步搅拌,过滤并干燥以提供作为橙黄色固体的3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓盐。向3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓盐(5gm)在水(50ml)中的搅拌混悬液中加入癸酸(5.1gm)在水(25ml)中的溶液。将反应混合物在50-60℃搅拌0.5-1.0小时。将反应混合物冷却至RT并搅拌10-12小时。将分离的固体过滤并干燥以获得作为固体的标题化合物(l0gm)。
(方法B)
在10-25℃,向3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶溴化物(100.0gm)在水(800ml)中的搅拌溶液中加入碳酸氢钠的饱和水溶液以达到pH7.0.5-7.5,并搅拌2.5-3小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水清洗并干燥。将干燥固体在热水中进一步搅拌,过滤并干燥以提供作为橙黄色固体的3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓盐。向3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓盐(5gm)中加入癸酸(5.1gm)并良好混合。将固体混合物保持10-12小时。将所得固体(5gm)在n-庚烷(50ml)中在RT搅拌1-1.5小时,过滤并干燥以获得作为固体的标题化合物(6.4gm)。
实施例3:化合物第2号的制备
在RT下,向辛酸(3.8gm)在水中(30ml)的搅拌混悬液中加入氢氧化钠(1.05gm)的水溶液(100ml),然后加入如实施例1的步骤(e)中所制备的3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐(10gm)的水溶液(100ml),并搅拌2小时。将分离的固体过滤,用水清洗并干燥以提供作为固体的标题化合物(5.0gm)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz ppm):0.849-0.874(3H,三重峰),1.247-1.249(9H,二重峰),1.462-1.497(2H,多重峰),2.162-2.199(2H,多重峰),2.895-2.922(1H,多重峰),6.45-6.47(1H,多重峰),7.34-7.35(1H,多重峰),8.138-8.233(2H,多重峰),8.90(1H,多重宽峰)
IR(KBr):2924cm-1,1676.79cm-1,1334.4cm-1,1156.7cm-1
质荷比(m/z):340(M+)
药物组合物
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包含治疗有效量的一种或多种式(I)所表示的化合物的药物组合物。当有可能没有任何制剂直接单独或组合施用治疗有效量的式(I)所表示的化合物时,通常的做法是施用处于包含药用赋形剂和至少一种活性成分的药物剂量形式的化合物。可以通过多种途径施用这些剂量形式,包括口服、局部、透皮、皮下、肌内、静脉内、腹膜内、鼻内、肺等,优选地,通过口服途径。
口服组合物可以处于固体或液体剂量形式。固体剂量形式可以包含颗粒、小包、小袋或分离的单元,如片剂、多颗粒单元、胶囊(软和硬明胶)等。液体剂量形式可以处于酏剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液、糖浆等形式。可以根据本领域对于组合物生产已知的任何方法来制备设计用于口服使用的组合物,并且这些药物组合物可以含有除活性成分之外的如药物赋形剂手册(Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients)(第六版,2009)中所述的赋形剂,如稀释剂、崩解剂、粘结剂、增溶剂、润滑剂、助流剂、表面活性剂、助悬剂、pH调节剂、乳化剂、螯合剂、稳定剂、风味剂、甜味剂、着色剂等。
根据常规药物实践,通过将活性物质在载体(媒介物,vehicle),如注射用水中溶解或悬浮,可以配制用于注射的无菌组合物。
除立即释放剂量形式之外,所述剂量形式可以具有活性成分的缓慢释放、延迟释放或控制释放。
当然,实现治疗效果所需的活性成分的量将随具体的化合物、施用途径、治疗的受试者和治疗的具体病症或疾病而改变。本发明所述的化合物可以以每天0.0005至100mg/kg,优选地每天0.0005至50mg/kg,更优选地每天0.001至20mg/kg,最优选地每天0.1至50mg/kg的剂量通过口服、吸入或肠胃外途径施用。用于成人的剂量范围一般为每天100mg至每天2000mg,优选地剂量范围是每天150mg至每天1500mg。
发现本发明的化合物对于和AGE积累有关的疾病病况的治疗有效。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了通过向对其有需要的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式(I)所表示的化合物来治疗疾病病况的方法,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
本发明的另一个实施方式为式(I)所表示的化合物用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了包含式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂的药物组合,所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了通过施用治疗有效量的式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂来治疗疾病病况的方法,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤;所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了式(I)所表示的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐;所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症,包括心力衰竭、肾脏病症、神经病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病症;皮肤病症;内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
如本文所提及的降压药包括(但不限于)血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂、肾素抑制剂、β肾上腺素能受体阻断剂、α肾上腺素能受体阻断剂、钙离子通道阻断剂、钾离子通道激活剂、醛甾酮合酶抑制剂、中性肽链内切酶(NEP)抑制剂、血管紧张素转化酶/中性肽链内切酶(ACE/NEP)双重抑制剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、血管紧张素和内皮素受体双重拮抗剂(DARA)、利尿剂或它们的药用盐;如本文所提及的降血脂药或降脂药包括(但不限于)MTP抑制剂、HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、纤维酸衍生物、ACAT抑制剂、脂肪氧合酶抑制剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、回肠Na+/胆汁酸协同转运蛋白抑制剂、LDL受体活性上调剂、胆固醇酯转移蛋白(CETP)抑制剂、胆汁酸多价螯合剂和/或烟酸及其衍生物或药用盐;如本文所提及的抗糖尿病药包括(但不限于)PPARγ激动剂、双胍、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)抑制剂、磺酰脲、美各里替尼、α糖苷水解酶抑制剂、PPARα激动剂、PPARδ激动剂或拮抗剂、α-淀粉酶抑制剂、脂肪酸氧化抑制剂、A2拮抗剂、二肽基肽酶IV(DP4)抑制剂、aP2抑制剂、SGLT2抑制剂、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、高血糖素-样肽-1(GLP-1)、胰岛素或胰岛素模拟物、PPARα/γ双重激动剂、11β-HSD 1(11β-羟基-类固醇脱氢酶1)抑制剂、其它胰岛素增敏药、葡糖激酶激活剂、VPAC2受体激动剂或它们的药用盐;如本文所提及的抗血小板药包括(但不限于)环加氧酶抑制剂、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受体抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、蛋白酶-激活受体-1(PAR-1)拮抗剂、糖蛋白IIB/IIIA抑制剂、腺苷再摄取抑制剂、凝血噁烷抑制剂;如本文所提及的抗血栓形成药包括(但不限于)美拉加群和希美加群、华法林和因子Xa抑制剂,如利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、雷扎沙班或者在每种情况下,它们的药用盐;在本发明中用于糖尿病血管并发症的试剂无限制地包括醛糖还原酶抑制剂、AGE抑制剂或AGE破坏剂。在适合于治疗糖尿病并发症的那些中,醛糖还原酶抑制剂代表通过抑制醛糖还原酶减少胞内山梨糖醇的那些,并且通过发展出糖尿病并发症的组织中所显示的连续高血糖所引起的一系列多元醇代谢的提高,所述山梨糖醇过度积累;如本文所提及的减肥药包括(但不限于)5HT(血清素)转运蛋白抑制剂、NE(去甲肾上腺素)转运蛋白抑制剂、CB-1(大麻素-1受体)拮抗剂/反向激动剂、胃饥饿素抗体、胃饥饿素拮抗剂、H3(组胺H3)拮抗剂/反向激动剂、NPY1(神经肽Y Y1)拮抗剂、NPY2(神经肽Y Y2)激动剂、NPY5(神经肽Y Y5)拮抗剂、致轻素或其衍生物、阿片样物质拮抗剂、食欲肽拮抗剂、BRS3(铃蟾肽受体亚型3)激动剂、CCK-A(缩胆囊肽-A)激动剂、CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)、CNTF衍生物、GHS(生长激素促分泌素受体)激动剂、5HT2c(血清素受体2c)激动剂、Mc3r(黑皮素3受体)激动剂、Mc4r(黑皮素4受体)激动剂、一元胺再摄取抑制剂、β3(β肾上腺素能受体3)激动剂、DGAT1(甘油二酯酰基转移酶1)抑制剂、DGAT2(甘油二酯酰基转移酶2)抑制剂、FAS(脂肪酸合酶)抑制剂、PDE(磷酸二酯酶)抑制剂、甲状腺激素β激动剂、UCP-1(解偶联蛋白1)、2或3激活剂、酰基雌激素、糖皮质激素拮抗剂、SCD-1(硬脂酰-CoA去饱和酶-1)抑制剂、脂肪酶抑制剂、脂肪酸转运蛋白抑制剂、二羧化物转运蛋白抑制剂;如本文所提及的用于降低心血管风险的药包括(但不限于)如WO2007100295中所公开的化合物,所述专利在本文中作为参考引用;或者它们的药用盐。
优选地,所述其它治疗剂选自二甲双胍、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、格列齐特、阿卡波糖、脂解素、卡格列波糖、乙格列酯、米格列醇、伏格列波糖、格列美脲、罗格列酮、吡格列酮、达格列净、恩格列净、卡格列净、阿格列汀、沙格列汀、利拉利汀、西他列汀、维达列汀、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼卡地平、地尔硫卓、乐卡地平、卡托普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、福辛普利、雷米普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、培哚普利、阿利吉仑、卡维地洛、美托洛尔、比索洛尔、阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、罗素伐他汀、普伐他汀、氟伐他汀、西立伐他汀、非诺贝特、吉非贝齐、氯贝丁酯、苯扎贝特、环丙贝特、克利贝特、普罗布考、依泽替米贝、阿利吉仑、尼可地尔、氯吡格雷、普拉格雷、阿司匹林、噻氯匹定、氢氯噻嗪、利伐沙班、吲达帕胺、三氯噻嗪(trichlormethazide)、阿尔噻嗪、氯噻酮、呋塞米、洋地黄毒苷、地高辛、螺内酯或它们的药用盐。
在适当情况下(即其中提及式(I)所表示的化合物),本发明的所有方面或实施方式等同地适用于式(II)所表示的化合物。
生物测试
作为AGE相关糖尿病并发症的量度,实施了运动神经传导速度评价。
评价本发明的化合物对神经传导速度的影响的体内研究
方法:
糖尿病的诱导
选择170-250g,6-10周大的健康雄性Wistar大鼠用于研究。将动物分成两组,即非糖尿病对照组(正常对照大鼠)和糖尿病组。通过腹膜内单次注射溶于柠檬酸缓冲液(pH4.5)的链脲佐菌素(60mg/kg体重)引起糖尿病(在糖尿病动物组中)(Biro等人;BrainResearch Bulletin(1997)44(3):259-263)。
动物的治疗和观察
在链脲佐菌素注射后1周,通过测量血浆葡萄糖水平确认糖尿病的诱导。在糖尿病持续12周后,将糖尿病动物组进一步再分成以下组:
I.糖尿病对照大鼠
II.用化合物第1号治疗糖尿病大鼠
将150mg/kg化合物第1号施用于糖尿病大鼠,并且用化合物1的载体处理糖尿病对照组。在整个实验中,监控大鼠进水、进食、体重变化、血液生物化学参数、尿参数和死亡率。将治疗8周对糖尿病动物各个参数的影响与未治疗的糖尿病动物和非糖尿病(正常)对照大鼠相比较。
神经传导速度(NCV)研究
治疗8周后,如Biro等人(1997)所述,评估NCV。简要地,在麻醉下,分别在坐骨切迹或踝电刺激坐骨神经和胫神经。使用刺激物,通过针电极递送超大刺激。使用数据采集系统(ADI instruments)放大和记录来自足底肌的肌电图(EMG)。每个EMG由两个部分组成:(1)短等待时间直接运动反应(M)和单突触引起的长等待时间感官反应(H,Hoffmann反射)。测量M反应的等待时间和持续时间,并计算运动神经传导速度(MNCV)。
用于研究的记录和刺激电极的详细信息如下所示:
记录电极:用凝胶涂覆后足足底表面的小肌肉,然后用具有良好宽度的松紧带捆扎足底表面。将接地电极插入尾部皮肤之下。
刺激电极:受刺激的神经,即(a)坐骨(近端)(b)胫骨(远端)位于坐骨切迹和踝。阴极置于邻近神经。阳极置于阴极附近。一旦刺激神经,从足底表面记录反应(EMG)。与对照(非糖尿病)相比,研究了治疗的大鼠的NCV。
计算:
其中
等待时间:刺激伪迹发生至肌动作电位第一正偏移峰值之间的持续时间。
距离:进行记录的后肢完全伸展。使用纱线测量在坐骨切迹和踝插入阴极的两点之间的距离。
可以如下确定神经传导速度的改善百分比:
NCV的改善%=(治疗大鼠NCV-糖尿病大鼠NCV)×100/(正常大鼠NCV-糖尿病大鼠NCV)。将单尾t检验用于治疗间的比较。
结果:相对于非糖尿病对照动物,糖尿病动物显示NCV受损。如图1所示,与载体处理的糖尿病对照大鼠相比,化合物1显示糖尿病动物的NCV得到改善(通过学生氏t检验,载体vs化合物1,***p<0.001)。
Claims (16)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中:
Z是8。
5.一种药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的一种或多种权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物,与药用赋形剂、佐剂或载体混合。
6.一种药物组合,包含权利要求1所述的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂,所述一种或多种治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;和i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐。
7.权利要求1所述的化合物用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症、皮肤病症、内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
8.权利要求1所述的化合物和一种或多种治疗剂用于制备治疗疾病病况的药剂的用途,所述一种或多种治疗剂选自a)降压药;b)降血脂药;c)抗糖尿病药;d)抗血小板药;e)抗血栓形成药;f)减肥药;g)用于治疗心力衰竭的药;和h)用于糖尿病血管并发症的药;i)用于降低心血管风险的药;或它们的药用盐,所述疾病病况选自糖尿病和衰老相关的大血管和微血管并发症、皮肤病症、内皮或其它器官功能障碍和生长损伤。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中式(3)、(3a)或(3b)的化合物与Y或其药用盐的摩尔比为6.0:0.5至0.5:6.0。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中式(3)、(3a)或(3b)的化合物与Y或其药用盐的摩尔比为1.0:1.0。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中式(3)的化合物为3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶盐酸盐。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中式(3a)的化合物为3-{[2-(甲基磺酰基)肼基]羰基}-1-[2-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶鎓并且Y为CH3-(CH2)8-COOH。
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