TW201639834A - 新吡啶陽離子化合物 - Google Patents
新吡啶陽離子化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201639834A TW201639834A TW105110717A TW105110717A TW201639834A TW 201639834 A TW201639834 A TW 201639834A TW 105110717 A TW105110717 A TW 105110717A TW 105110717 A TW105110717 A TW 105110717A TW 201639834 A TW201639834 A TW 201639834A
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 (C 3 -C 12) cycloalkyl sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 25
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
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- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000012239 Developmental disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000717 hydrazino group Chemical group [H]N([*])N([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010040882 skin lesion Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 231100000444 skin lesion Toxicity 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 206010038923 Retinopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000106 platelet aggregation inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamidine Chemical compound NC=N PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003716 cholic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
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- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 claims 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Divinylene sulfide Natural products C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical class OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
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- SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-XWTIBIIYSA-N vildagliptin Chemical compound C1C(O)(C2)CC(C3)CC1CC32NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C#N SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-XWTIBIIYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001254 vildagliptin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001729 voglibose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001522 ximelagatran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZXIBCJHYVWYIKI-PZJWPPBQSA-N ximelagatran Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NCC(=O)OCC)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CC2)C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(\N)=N\O)CCCCC1 ZXIBCJHYVWYIKI-PZJWPPBQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4436—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
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Abstract
本發明係相關於新吡啶陽離子化合物、其同分異構物、立體異構物、阻轉異構物、構形異構物、互變異構物、多形體、水合物與溶劑化物。本發明亦包括製備新化合物與該化合物之藥學組成物的方法。本發明進一步地相關於上述化合物用於製備藥劑的用途,該藥劑用作藥品。
Description
本發明係相關於新吡啶陽離子化合物、其同分異構物、立體異構物、阻轉異構物、構形異構物、互變異構物、多形體、水合物與溶劑化物。本發明亦包括製備新化合物與該化合物之藥學組成物的方法。本發明進一步地相關於上述化合物用於藥劑製備的用途,該藥劑作為藥品。
進階糖化作用終產物(AGEs)係經由還原糖(例如葡萄糖)與蛋白質間的複雜反應鏈而生成,該反應鏈會造成觸發數種病理事件的多聚體複合物的生成( Pathak et al; Eur J Med Res (2008) 13: 388-398 )
。
進階糖化作用終產物(AGEs)已牽連於多種衰弱性疾病的發病中,例如糖尿病、動脈粥樣硬化、阿茲海默症與類風濕性關節炎之併發症,以及正常老化過程。在血糖標準顯著高於正常情況的糖尿病中,葡萄糖與數種蛋白質如血紅蛋白與膠原蛋白的反應造成AGE的生成,其轉而涉及與糖尿病相關的併發症,例如腎病變、神經病變、微血管病變、血管內皮功能障礙和其他器官功能障礙 。此外,數種生長因子例如鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子的活性亦受損害。AGE產物不似組織中的正常蛋白質而具有更慢的週轉及補充率。據報導,AGE產物實則引發了與RAGE(進階糖化作用終產物的受體)相關的複雜免疫反應與數種尚未完全定義的免疫過程活化。己記載具有微血管與大血管病變跡象之糖尿病亦顯示氧化壓力跡象,其機制尚未闡明( Stehouwer et al; Cardiovascular Research 1997 ; 34: 55–68 and Smit et al.; Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11:2767-84 )
。由於AGE生成的臨床重要性,已基於干擾AGEs的累積嘗試數種成功的治療方法。其中一個方法為經由治療劑的給藥來抑制AGEs從其先質形成。在控制組織內AGEs標準的另一方法裡(特別是AGE交聯物已累積至造成亞臨床或臨床病理之標準的組織中),給藥可逆轉或破壞AGE交聯物的治療劑。
EP1243581、EP1222171 與 EP1373263描述吡啶陽離子衍生物作為AGE抑制劑或AGE阻斷劑以供與糖尿病及老化相關失調具關聯性的併發症之管理。
Joline等人揭露吡哆胺類化合物作為AGE抑制劑供糖尿病腎病的治療,並總結當用於糖尿病治療時,吡哆胺化合物應針對安全性進行測試( J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 3: 6–8 )
。
雖然先前技術提供了各種AGE抑制劑以及具有包含AGE抑制與AGE阻斷的雙活性的化合物;卻還沒有任何AGE特定性分子能到達進階臨床階段。因而對治療與控制因AGE生成與累積而造成的各種病變安全且有效的新治療分子存在著需求。
本發明提供新吡啶陽離子化合物作為AGE抑制劑與AGE 阻斷劑,其已證實具有所需的安全性之改善的療效。
在一具體實施例中,本發明提供新的結構式(I)之化合物, (I)及其同分異構物、立體異構物、阻轉異構物、構形異構物、互變異構物、多形體、水合物與溶劑化物; 其中; Y -
為Y的陰離子; Y係選自硝酸、(C2
-C12
)烷基磺酸、(C3
-C12
)環烷基磺酸、初級膽酸、二級膽酸、共軛膽酸、CH3
-(CH2
)Z
-COOH、分枝(C4
-C14
)烷羧酸、(C4
-C14
)烯羧酸、(C4
-C14
) 炔羧酸與C3
-C12
環烷羧酸; Z係選自1至14; n係選自0至5; R1
係獨立地選自氫、(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
) 過鹵烷基、(C3
-C8
)環烷基、雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基、雜芳基、雜芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)烷氧基、 甲醯胺基、-NHCO-(C1
-C8
)烷基、–NR5
R6
、醯基、醯氧基、(C1
-C8
)烷氧基羰基、磺醯胺基、鹵素、氰基與硝基; R2
係選自R4
、–C(O)R4
、–C(O)NHR4
、-SO2
R4
、-C(O)NR5
R6
或結構A(I);R3
係獨立地選自(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)過鹵烷基、(C3
-C8
)環烷基、雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基、芳基、芳基 (C1
-C8
)烷基、雜芳基、雜芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)烷氧基、芳基氧基、胺基、-NR5
R6
、-NHR4
、醯氧基與磺胺; R4
係選自(C1
-C8
)烷基、(C1
-C8
) 過鹵烷基、(C3
-C8
)環烷基、雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基與雜芳基; R5
與 R6
係獨立地選自氫、(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C3
-C8
)環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基與雜芳基,或R5
與 R6
可共同生成4-8元飽和或不飽和單環或雙環之環狀物,可能與可隨選地包含一至二個選自O、N與S的雜原子之苯融合。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供如本文描述於方案1至3的結構式(I)之化合物的製備方法。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供包含結構式(I)之化合物的藥學組成物,其隨選地與一藥學上可接受的賦形劑、輔劑或載體混合。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供了治療疾病症狀之方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將治療有效量之結構式(I)的化合物給藥予對其有需求的哺乳類動物。
本發明的另一具體實施例為結構式(I)的化合物對於治療疾病症狀之藥劑製備的用途,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
本發明的另一具體實施例提供包含結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療劑的藥學組合,該治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
本發明的另一具體實施例為提供了治療疾病症狀的方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將治療有效量之結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療劑進行給藥,該一或更多治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
本發明的另一具體實施例提供了治療疾病症狀之藥劑製備的結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療藥劑的用途,該一或更多治療藥劑選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
在一具體實施例中,本發明提供新的結構式(I)之化合物, (I)與其同分異構物、立體異構物、阻轉異構物、構形異構物、互變異構物、多形體、水合物與溶劑化物,其中Y、Y-
、n、R1
、R2
與 R3
係如同上述所定義者。
在較佳的具體實施例中,本發明提供新的結構式(I)之化合物,其中Y為CH3
-(CH2
)Z
-COOH,Y -
為CH3
-(CH2
)Z
-COO-
;且Z、n、R1
、R2
與 R3
係如同上述所定義者。
在另一較佳的具體實施例中,本發明提供新的結構式(I)之化合物,其中n為1-3,最佳為n為1;且 Y、Y-
、Z、R1
、R2
與 R3
係如同上述所定義者。
在較佳的具體實施例中,本發明提供新的結構式(II)之化合物, (II)其中 n為1至3,更佳為n為1至2,最佳為n為1。
令人驚訝地注意到的是,當n大於0,較佳為1-3,更佳為1-2,最佳為1時,其增加化合物的療效。
在上述結構式(I)之內特別受關注的特定化合物家族包含下列化合物:
定義:
除非在特定例子中另有限制,下列定義係應用於通篇說明書中使用的術語:
本文中所使用之該術語「化合物」意指本文所揭露之一般結構式所包含的任何化合物。本文所描述之化合物可包含一或更多雙鍵,因而可以同分異構物、立體異構物(例如幾何異構物,E與Z異構物)存在,以及可擁有非對稱性碳原子(光學中心)且因而可以鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物存在。因此,本文所描述之化學結構包含了所示化合物所有可能的立體異構物,包括立體異構物上純的形式(例如幾何上純的)以及立體異構物混合物(消旋物)。本文所描述之化合物可以構形異構物存在,例如椅型或船型。本文所描述之化合物亦可以阻轉異構物存在。此化合物亦可以數種互變異構物形式存在,包括烯醇形式、酮形式與其混合物。因此,本文所描述之化學結構包含所示化合物之所有可能的互變異構物形式。所描述化合物亦包括同位素標記化合物,其中一或更多原子具有與傳統上自然界中發現者相異的原子量。可包含於本發明之化合物的同位素範例包括但不限於2
H、3
H、13
C、14
C、15
N、18
O、17
O等。化合物可以非溶劑化物形式以及溶劑化物形式存在。一般而言,化合物可為水合的或溶劑化的。某些化合物可以多種結晶或非晶質形式存在(包含水合形式)。一般而言,供本文所設想之用途的所有物理形式皆為同等的並意圖包含於本發明的範圍。
除非本文中另外指明或於上下文明顯矛盾外,在描述本發明的上下文(特別是在以下申請專利範圍之上下文中)的該用語「一(a)」與「一(an)」與「此(the)」與類似指稱應解釋作涵蓋單數與複數兩者。
如同本文所使用地,該用語「多形體」關於具有相同結構式、相同鹽類類型以及具有相同形式的水合物/溶劑化物但具有不同結晶特性的化合物。
如同本文所使用地,該用語「水合物」關於具有與化合物鍵結的若干水分子之化合物。
如同本文所使用地,該用語「溶劑化物」包含具有與化合物鍵結的若干溶劑分子之化合物。
該用語「被取代的」,如同本文所使用地,包括程度上是單與多重取代(包括相同位置的多重取代)是化學上容許的命名取代基之單與多取代,且單與多取代意謂著指定原子上的一或更多氫被來自所指群組的選擇所取代,規定不超過指定原子的正常電子價,且這樣的取代生成穩定的化合物,舉例來說,當取代基是酮基時,則原子上的兩個氫被取代。所有取代基(R1
、R2
、…)及其描述於本文的進一步之取代基可在可引起穩定化合物生成之任何雜原子或碳原子與主要結構相連接。
該用語「烷基」,無論是單獨或與其他基團連接而使用,皆意指隨選地被取代的飽和脂肪族碳氫自由基,其具有如同碳數目表示的碳原子。舉例來說,(C1
-C8
)烷基表示具有選自1至8個碳原子的烷基基團。該「烷基」為直鏈,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基,或為分枝鏈,且其可包含一或更多雙鍵或三鍵。當該烷基包含一或更多雙鍵或三鍵時,將其分別稱作「烯類」與「炔類」。該烷基亦可包含螺環形式的(C3
-C6
)環烷基環。該烷類、烯類與炔類可隨選地以鹵素、氰基、硝基、(C1
-C8
)過鹵烷基、(C1
-C8
)烷基、芳基、環(C3
-C8
)烷基、 雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基或芳基(C1
-C8
)烷基取代。
該用語「烷氧基」,無論是單獨或與其他基團連接而使用,皆意指經由氧橋連接至母分子基元的如本文上述所定義之烷基基團,其具有如同碳數目表示的碳原子。舉例來說,(C1
-C8
)烷氧基表示經由氧橋連接之具有1-8碳原子的烷基基團。該烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、二級丁氧基、叔丁氧基,以及直與分枝鏈的戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基與辛氧基。
該用語「環氧基」,無論是單獨或與其他基團連接而使用,皆意指隨選地被取代之完全或部分地飽和之環狀環系統,其具有如同碳數目表示的碳原子。舉例來說,(C3
-C8
)環烷基表示具有選自3至8個碳原子的環烷基基團。該「環烷基」意指環系統骨架中僅包含碳原子的環狀環系統,例如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基與環辛基。環烷基可具有任何飽和程度,規定環系統中的至少一環為非芳香環。
該用語「芳基」意指芳香族基團,舉例來說,為6至10元單環或雙環的含碳之環系統。芳基基團包括但不限於苯基、萘基、聯苯基、四氫萘基與二氫茚基。較佳為,芳基為苯基、茚基或萘基。該芳基可為以氫、鹵素、(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、–OH或三氟甲基單取代或雙取代者。
該用語「雜芳基」意指芳香族基團,舉例來說,為5至14元單環或雙環之環系統,其具有至少一個雜原子。該用語「雜原子」如同本文所使用地包括O、N、S,其中n係如同上述所定義者。在雙環的環系統中,可經由橋接雜原子融合環。雜芳基基團包括但不限於吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、吲哚基、苯並呋喃基、苯並噻吩基、吲唑基、苯並咪唑基、苯並噁唑基、苯並異噁唑基、苯並噻唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、酞嗪基或萘啶基。該雜芳基可以氫、鹵素、(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、–OH或三氟甲基單取代或雙取代。
該用語「雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基」意指完全或部分地飽和之環基團,舉例來說,其為3至14元單環或雙環之環系統,其具有至少一個雜原子。該用語「雜原子」如同本文所使用地包括O、N、S。在雙環的雜環系統中,至少一環為非芳香環且環亦可以螺環形式互相連接。該雜(C3
-C14
)環烷基可為以氫、鹵素、(C1
-C8
)烷基、 (C1
-C8
)烷氧基、硝基、氰基、–OH或三氟甲基單取代或雙取代者。
如同本文所使用地,「室溫」或「RT」意指介於20℃與35℃間的溫度。
如同本文所使用地,該用語「哺乳動物」意謂人類或像是猴、靈長類、狗、貓、馬、牛等動物。
如同本文中所使用的任何疾病或失調的「治療」或「療法」的用語意謂將化合物給藥予對其有需要的哺乳動物。可給藥化合物,從而提供完全地或部分地預防或延遲疾病或失調或其跡象或症狀的發作之預防效果;及/或可給藥化合物,從而提供疾病或失調及/或可歸因於此失調的不利影響之部分的或完全的治癒。
該措辭「治療有效量」意謂化合物在給藥予病患以用於治療、預防或管理疾病時,足以影響此疾病的治療、預防或管理。此「治療有效量」將視化合物、給藥模式、疾病及其嚴重性,以及待治療病患的年齡、體重等情況而異。
在整份說明書與所附申請專利範圍中,要了解除非上下文另有要求,係包含性地解釋文字「包含」、「具有」與「包括」與其變化形式,例如「其包含」、「其具有」與「其包括」。意即,這些文字的使用可意指元素或未具體列舉之元素的包括。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供製備結構式(I)之化合物的方法。
提供以下反應方案以揭露根據本發明之化合物的合成。
因此,本發明之結構式(I)的化合物可如同以下方案所述般製備
方案 1
:R1
、R2
、R4
、R5
與R6
與上述結構式(I)之化合物中定義者相同,且R為(C1
-C6
)烷基。
可將如方案-1中顯示的結構式(1a)之化合物經由把(1)、合適的醇類以及無機酸(例如鹽酸、硫酸、溴酸,更佳為以及硫酸)的混合物回流而製備。
可將結構式(1c)之化合物經由把結構式(1a)之化合物或結構式(1b)之化合物溶液伴隨水合肼於非質子或質子溶劑(例如乙腈、四氫呋喃、異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇等,較佳為異丙醇與乙腈或非質子溶劑,例如甲苯或其混合物)中回流而製備。
可將結構式(1d)之化合物經由把結構式(1c)之化合物與合適的磺醯氯,在非質子溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷,較佳為以四氫呋喃),與有機或無機鹼(例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉等)的存在下反應而製備。
可將結構式(1e)之化合物經由把結構式(1)之化合物與氯化劑(例如亞硫醯氯、草醯氯、五氯化磷、磷氧基醯氯、三氯化磷、硫醯氯,更佳為亞硫醯氯),隨選地在溶劑(例如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等)的存在下反應,以提供相對應的醯氯,接著以被取代的肼類在合適鹼(例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀等)的存在下之反應而製備。
替代地,可經由將被取代的肼類衍生物與結構式(1a)之化合物隨選地在質子或非質子溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、二甲基甲醯胺等)的存在下反應,以製備結構式(1e)之化合物。
結構式(1f)之化合物可經由將化合物(1c) 與合適的醯氯,在鹼(類例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀等),以及在非質子溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等)的存在下反應而製備。
結構式(1g)之化合物可經由將化合物(1) 與氯化劑(例如亞硫醯氯、草醯氯、五氯化磷、磷氧基醯氯、三氯化磷、硫醯氯,更佳為亞硫醯氯),隨選地在溶劑(例如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等)的存在下反應,以提供相對應的醯氯,接著以水合肼在合適鹼(例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、肼類、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀等)以及非質子溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等)的存在下之反應而製備。
結構式(1h)之化合物可經由將化合物(1)與氯化劑(例如亞硫醯氯、草醯氯、五氯化磷、磷氧基醯氯、三氯化磷、硫醯氯,更佳為亞硫醯氯),隨選地在溶劑(例如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等)的存在下反應,以提供相對應的醯氯,接著以被取代的酮醯肼在合適鹼例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀等以及在非質子溶劑例如四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等的存在下之反應而製備。
結構式(1i)之化合物可經由將化合物(1c)與合適的異氰酸鹽,在溶劑(例如甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氫呋喃、乙腈、1,4-二噁烷等),以及鹼(例如吡啶、三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀等)的存在下反應。
方案 -2 :
R3
與上述結構式(I)之化合物中的定義相同。
結構式(2a)之化合物可經由在非質子溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷,更佳為乙酸乙酯與二氯甲烷)中使用適當的鹵化反應試劑(例如溴、氯、亞硫醯氯、磺醯氯、氫溴酸,更佳為磺醯氯與溴)之酸催化的被取代乙醯(2)之鹵化反應而製備。
可經由在質子或非質子溶劑(例如異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸等)的存在下,將如方案1中所示的結構式(1d)或(1e)或(1f)或(1g)或(1h)或(1i)之化合物與如方案2中所示的結構式(2a)之化合物加熱,以製備化合物 (3)。
結構式(I)之化合物可經由在質子或非質子溶劑(例如水、甲醇等)之中將化合物(3)與酸Y的鈉鹽反應,或經由在極性質子或非極性溶劑(例如水與無機鹼例如碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等,更佳為氫氧化鈉)中將化合物(3)與酸Y反應而製備。替代地,可將化合物(3)與無機鹼(例如碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等)或有機鹼(例如三乙胺,更佳為碳酸氫鈉)在極性質子或非質子溶劑(例如水)中反應,以生成化合物(3a),再將其分離並隨選地在質子或非質子溶劑(例如水、甲醇、異丙醇、四氫呋喃等)的存在下與酸Y反應,以生成結構式(I)之化合物。
方案 3 :
R1
、R2
、R3
、Y與Y-
與如同結構式(I)之化合物中所定義者相同;X為鹵化物且X-
為鹵化物陰離子;
進一步地可將結構式(I)之化合物經由將化合物(3b)與質子或非質子溶劑(例如水、甲醇等)中之酸Y的鈉鹽反應而製備。化合物(3b)可由(3a)於質子或非質子溶劑(例如水、甲醇或其混合物)中使用各種酸(AH)而製備,其中A-
為選自烷基磺酸鹽、芳基磺酸鹽、雜芳基磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫過氯酸鹽、草酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、己二酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甘醇酸鹽、乳酸鹽、丙酮酸鹽、栓酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、硝酸鹽、芳基羧酸酯、雜芳基羧酸酯、桂皮酸鹽、苯二甲酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽等的相反離子。
可替代地,化合物(3b)可在合適的鹼與溶劑的存在下轉變為化合物(3a),其於酸Y的加入後生成結構式(I)之化合物。
所提供方案的替代方式是,具有一般技藝的技術人員將很輕易地根據本發明使用傳統合成有機技術,從無論於商業上購得或可輕易製備之適當起始材料來合成此化合物。
本發明的一具體實施例提供結構式(I)之化合物的製備方法,其包含將結構式(3)之化合物或結構式(3b)之化合物與 Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下反應; 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、Y與A-
與上述所定義者相同,且X為鹵化物。
在本發明的另一具體實施例中提供結構式(I)之化合物的製備方法,其包含將結構式(3a)之化合物與Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類隨選地在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下反應;其中R1
、R2
、R3
與Y係如同上述所定義者。
本發明之較佳的具體實施例提供結構式(II)之化合物的製備方法,其包含將3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子之藥學上可接受之鹽類與CH3
-(CH2
)8
-COOH或其鹼金屬鹽或其鹼土族金屬鹽類在溶劑的存在下與隨選地鹼的存在下反應,其中該藥學上可接受之鹽類係選自鹵素、烷基磺酸鹽、芳基磺酸鹽、雜芳基磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫過氯酸鹽、草酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、己二酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甘醇酸鹽、乳酸鹽、丙酮酸鹽、栓酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、硝酸鹽、芳基羧酸酯、雜芳基羧酸酯、桂皮酸鹽、苯二甲酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽等。
以莫耳比率6.0:0.5至0.5:6.0使用該結構式(3)、(3a)、(3b) 的化合物或3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子的藥學上可接受之鹽類與酸Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類(例如CH3
-(CH2
)8
-COOH的鹼金屬鹽或鹼土金屬鹽)。較佳為,該莫耳比率為2.0:1.0至1.0:2.0。更特別地,以莫耳比率1.0:1.0使用3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物與CH3
-(CH2
)8
-COOH或其鈉鹽。
根據如同本文上述之本發明的新程序係較佳為於一或更多溶劑的存在下進行。該溶劑可選自水、乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇、丙酮、乙腈、二噁烷、二甲基甲醯胺、二氯甲烷(methylene chloride)、氯仿、二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)、醚或其混合物。較佳為,使用極性溶劑(例如水)或其與其他極性溶劑(例如甲醇)的混合物。額外地,可將結構式(I)或(II)之化合物以非極性溶劑(例如庚烷、己烷或甲苯)清洗;更佳為以庚烷清洗。
無論採用何者,鹼係選自有機或無機鹼(例如碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、氫氧化鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鉀、氫氧化鉀、三乙胺與吡啶)。
因此,本發明之較佳地具體實施例提供結構式(I)之化合物的製備方法,其包含: 將結構式(3)或(3b) 的化合物與Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類;在選自水或其與極性或非極性溶劑的混合物之溶劑的存在下反應; 其中結構式(3) 或(3b) 的化合物對Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類的比率範圍在6.0:0.5至0.5:6.0; 且R1
、R2
、R3
、Y與A-
與上述所定義者相同,且X為鹵化物。
觀察到當結構式3、(3a)或(3b)的化合物與酸Y在無機或有機鹼的存在下反應,以製備結構式(I)之化合物時;酸Y對無機/有機鹼的比率對結構式(I)之化合物的分離具有顯著影響。在根據本發明的結構式(I)之化合物製備方法中,所使用Y對無機/有機鹼的莫耳比率為0.5:1.0至6.0:1.0。較佳為,該莫耳比率為1.0:1.0至2.0:1.0。更佳為,以莫耳比率1.0:1.0使用CH3
-(CH2
)8
-COOH與氫氧化鈉或三乙胺。
本發明的替代具體實施例提供了結構式(I)之化合物製備方法,其包含 a) 將選自結構式(1d)、(1e)、(1f)、(1g)、(1h)或(1i)的化合物與結構式(2a)之化合物反應。b)
隨選地在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下將Y或其藥學上可接受的鹽類加至從步驟a)所獲得之反應混合物中,以生成結構式(I)之化合物。 其中化合物(1d)、(1e)、(1f)、(1g)、(1h)、(1i)、(2a)與Y係如同上述所定義者。
將根據本發明中的任何方法所獲得的結構式(I)之化合物進行乾燥。乾燥程序包括真空乾燥或加熱或不加熱的空氣乾燥。較佳地乾燥程序為使用流體床乾燥機的空氣乾燥。結構式I之化合物的乾燥係用以獲得當使用以已知技術(例如KF)計算水時所量得的水含量低於5.0%,較佳為低於2.0%,最佳為低於1.0%的結構式I之化合物。令人驚訝地,水量控制改善了結構式(I)之化合物的流動性。
因此,本發明的另一具體實施例提供了結構式I之化合物,其中該化合物以KF量得的水低於5.0%,較佳為低於2.0%,最佳為低於1.0%。
本發明的又一具體實施例提供結構式I之化合物,其中該化合物為無水物、單水合物或雙水合物形式。較佳地結構式I之化合物為無水物形式,其特徵為水含量如卡爾-費歇爾滴定(KF)所測得的少於2.0%,較佳為少於1.0%,以及熔點如示差掃描熱析法(DSC)所測得的在99.48℃+/-2至103.22℃+/-2間。
在本領域具一般技藝的技術人員預期內,改變反應時間、溫度、溶劑及/或試劑可能增加產量。
本發明的化合物可具有掌性中心並以消旋物、消旋混合物以及以個別非鏡像異構物或鏡像異構物出現,而所有異構物形式皆包含在本發明內。因此,若化合物為掌性的,個別的鏡像異構物(實質上不含有另一者)皆包含於本發明的範圍中;進一步包含的為此兩鏡像異構物的所有混合物。
在本說明書中,使用一些具有其已知本意的一般用語,其定義於下文:
根據本發明製備的化合物質量係使用採取APCI游離技術(電噴灑化學游離探針)的單段四極質譜儀(Water ZQ 2000儀器),或使用ESI或APCI的熱儀器技術之Finnigan LXQ來測量。
本發明之新化合物係根據如同本文上述之方案步驟,使用合適的材料製備,並且進一步地以下列具體範例為例證。這些範例並不被視作或解讀為限制本發明所闡述的範圍。
根據本發明之化合物的製備範例: 範例 1 : 1 號化合物的製備
步驟 (a):菸鹼酸甲酯的製備 將硫酸(270 ml)緩慢加入甲醇(440 ml)中的菸鹼酸(200 gm)攪拌中的冰冷懸浮液以控制放熱。將反應混合物加熱並於80-98℃下攪拌3小時。將反應混合物冷卻至RT,於冰冷水中平息並以液體氨中和。將中和的溶液以二氯甲烷(1000 ml)萃取,經由硫酸鈉乾燥並於真空的情況下蒸發,以提供低融點淡黃色至灰白色的標題化合物。
1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):9.096-9.091(1H, 單峰), 8.833-8.818(1H, 雙重峰), 8.32-8.29(1H, 雙重峰), 7.60-7.56(1H, 三重峰), 3.29(3H, 單峰) 質量 (m/z):138(M+
+ 1) IR (KBr):1727.1cm-1
, 1289.3cm-1
步驟 (b):異菸鹼醯肼的製備 將水合肼(80%)(460 ml)加至異丙醇中的菸鹼酸甲酯(500 gm)的攪拌溶液中。加熱生成的混合物並於80-85℃下攪拌4小時。將反應混合物冷卻至RT。分離的固體被過濾,以異丙醇清洗並乾燥,以提供灰白色固體之標題化合物。
替代地,經由將水合肼80%(100 ml)加至甲苯中的菸鹼醯胺(100 gm)之攪拌懸浮液,接著加熱並於80-90℃下攪拌10-15小時。將反應混合物冷卻至50-60℃。加入四氫呋喃並且將反應混合物於40-45℃下攪拌2-3小時。分離的固體被過濾,吸乾並於40-45℃下在四氫呋喃中攪拌1-2小時。固體被過濾,以四氫呋喃清洗並乾燥,以提供灰白色固體之異菸鹼醯肼。
1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):9.967(1H, 單峰), 8.967-8.961(1H, 單峰), 8.699-8.683(1H, 雙重峰), 8.167-8.138(1H, 雙重峰), 7.512-7.479(1H, 三重峰), 4.567(2H, 單峰) 質量 (m/z):138 (M+
+ 1) IR (KBr):3211.3 cm-1
, 1670.2 cm-1
步驟 (c):N'-(甲磺醯基)吡啶- 3-卡肼的製備 將吡啶(119 ml)加至四氫呋喃(700 ml)中的異菸鹼醯肼(100 gm)攪拌懸浮液中,接著加入甲磺醯氯(56.75 ml)。將生成的懸浮液回流4小時。將反應混合物冷卻至RT並過濾固體。將固體於水中再結晶並乾燥,以提供灰白色固體之標題化合物。
1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):10.95(1H, 單峰), 9.74(1H, 單峰), 9.031-9.027(1H, 雙重峰), 8.744-8.759(1H, 雙重峰), 8.242-8.214(1H, 雙重峰), 7.517-7.539 (1H, 三重峰), 3.04(1H, 單峰) 質量 (m/z):214 (M+
+ 1) IR (KBr):3287.4 cm-1
, 1686.6 cm-1
, 1313.4 cm-1
步驟 (d):-2-氯-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮的製備 將磺醯氯(80 ml)加至乙酸乙酯(900 ml)中的2-乙醯基噻吩(100 gm)攪拌冰冷溶液,將其在10-20℃下以乙酸乙酯(100 ml)稀釋。將反應物質於RT下攪拌1小時並於水中平息。有機層被分離並以水再以鹽水溶液清洗。有機層經由硫酸鈉乾燥並蒸發,以提供液體,將其進一步以異丙基:環己烷(1:10)純化,以提供白色至灰白色粉末的標題化合物。
1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):8.10-8.11(1H, dd), 8.04-8.05 (1H, dd), 7.28-7.30.027(1H,dt), 5.09 (1H, 單峰) 質量 (m/z) :161 (M+
+ 1) IR (KBr):2990 cm-1
, 2945 cm-1
, 1674.57 cm-1
步驟 (e):3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物的製備
將在二甲基甲醯胺(500 ml)中的N'-(甲磺醯基)吡啶-3-卡肼(100 gm)與 2-氯-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮(89.5 gm)之懸浮液加熱並於85-90℃下攪拌15小時。分離的固體被過濾,以二甲基甲醯胺清洗接著以乙酸乙酯清洗。將固體在乙酸乙酯中回流,過濾並最後從甲醇中再結晶並乾燥,以提供白色至灰白色固體之標題化合物。
1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):11.57(1H, 單峰), 9.97(1H, 單峰), 9.58-9.027(1H, 單峰), 9.21-9.15(2H, 兩雙峰), 8.42(1H, 未分辨的三重峰), 8.24-8.27 (2H, unresolved 多重峰), 7.43(1H, 三重峰), 6.50(2H, 單峰), 3.11(3H, 單峰) 質量 (m/z):340 (M+
) IR (KBr):3319.3 cm-1
, 1713.6 cm-1
, 1672.2 cm-1
, 1336.6 cm-1
步驟 (f):1號化合物 (方法A) 將氫氧化鈉(10.6 gm)的水溶液(400 ml)加至水(600 ml)中之正癸酸(45.8 gm)的攪拌懸浮液,再於RT下加入3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(100 gm)之水溶液(2000 ml)並攪拌1小時。分離的固體被過濾,以水(600 ml)清洗並乾燥,以提供標題化合物。將乾燥的固體於10-15℃下在正庚烷(275 ml)中攪拌30分鐘,過濾,以正庚烷(55 ml)清洗並乾燥,以提供固體標題化合物(41.0 gm)。
(方法B) 將氫氧化鈉(1.05 gm)的水溶液(20 ml)加至甲醇(100 ml)中之正癸酸(4.58 gm)的攪拌懸浮液中,接著於RT加入3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(10 gm)的水溶液(100 ml)。將反應混合物攪拌1小時,且水被加入(300 ml)並進一步地於RT攪拌1小時。分離的固體被過)並乾燥,以提供固體標題化合物(6.1 gm)。
(方法C) 將水(100 ml)中之3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(10 gm)的溶液於RT加至水(50 ml)中之癸酸鈉(5.1 gm)的攪拌溶液中並攪拌1小時。分離的固體過濾,以水(100 ml)清洗並乾燥,以提供固體標題化合物(5.4 gm)。
(方法D) 將三乙胺(1.5 ml)於RT下加至水(50 ml)中之3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(5 gm)的攪拌溶液中。在30分鐘攪拌後,於RT下倒入正癸酸(2.28gm)。將反應塊於RT下攪拌1-2小時。獲得的固體被過濾,以水(50ml × 2)清洗並乾燥,以得到固體標題化合物(4.6 gm)。將生成的固體於RT下正庚烷(23 ml)中攪拌30分鐘,過濾,以正庚烷(5 ml)清洗並乾燥,以提供固體標題化合物(3 gm)。
(方法E) 將氫氧化鈉(10.6 gm)的水溶液(400 ml)加至水(600 ml)中之正癸酸(45.8 gm)的攪拌懸浮液中,接著於RT加入3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(100 gm)的水溶液(2000 ml)並攪拌1小時。分離的固體被過濾,以水(2000 ml)清洗並吸乾。將吸乾的固體以流體床乾燥機乾燥,以生成HPLC純度高於99%的固體標題化合物(47.30 gm)。
如上述所獲得的化合物1特徵為:1
H NMR (DMSO-d6,
400 MHz, ppm):0.839-0.872(6H, 多重峰), 1.242 (24H, 多重峰), 1.460-1.493 (4H, 多重峰), 2.157-2.194(4H, 三重峰), 2.896-2.922 (1H, 多重峰), 6.452 (2H, 寬多重峰), 7.336 (1H, 寬多重峰), 8.064-8.211 (3H, 寬多重峰), 8.890 (2H, 寬多重峰), 9.439 (1H, 寬多重峰) IR (KBr):2924cm-1
, 2853cm-1
, 1679cm-1
, 1336cm-1
範例 2
步驟 (a):3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子溴化物 以類似於範例-1的步驟-e中描述的方式,使用2-溴-1-(噻吩-2-基)乙酮製備化合物。
步驟 (b):1號化合物 (方法A) 於10-25℃下將碳酸氫鈉的飽和水溶液加入水(800 ml)中之3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子溴化物(100.0 gm)的攪拌溶液中,以達到pH 7.0.5-7.5並攪拌2.5-3小時。將分離的固體過濾,以水清洗並乾燥。將乾燥的固體進一步地於熱水中攪拌,過濾並乾燥,以提供橘色固體的3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子偶極體。將水(25 ml)中之癸酸(5.1 gm)加至水(50 ml)中之3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子偶極體(5 gm)的攪拌懸浮液中。將反應混合物於50-60℃下攪拌0.5-1.0小時。將反應混合物冷卻至RT並攪拌10-12小時。分離的固體被過濾並乾燥,以獲得固體標題化合物(10gm)。
(方法B) 於10-25℃下將碳酸氫鈉的飽和水溶液加至水(800 ml)中之3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子溴化物(100.0 gm)的攪拌溶液中,以達到pH 7.0.5-7.5並攪拌2.5-3小時。將分離的固體過濾,以水清洗並乾燥。將乾燥的固體進一步地於熱水中攪拌,過濾並乾燥,以提供橘色固體的3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子偶極體。將癸酸(5.1 gm)加至3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子偶極體(5 gm)並混合均勻。將固體混合物維持10-12小時。將生成的固體(5 gm)於RT下在正庚烷(50 ml)中攪拌1-1.5小時,過濾並乾燥,以得到固體標題化合物(6.4 gm)。
範例 3 : 2 號化合物的製備
將氫氧化鈉(1.05 gm)的水溶液(100 ml)加至水(30 ml)中的辛酸(3.8 gm)的攪拌懸浮液,接著於RT下加入範例-1步驟(e)中製備的3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物(10 gm)之水溶液(100 ml)並攪拌2小時。分離的固體被過濾,以水清洗並乾燥,以生成固體標題化合物(5.0 gm)。
1
H NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz ppm):0.849-0.874 (3H,三重峰), 1.247-1.249 (9H,雙重峰), 1.462-1.497(2H,多重峰), 2.162-2.199(2H,多重峰), 2.895-2.922(1H,多重峰), 6.45-6.47 (1H,多重峰), 7.34-7.35 (1H,多重峰), 8.138-8.233 (2H,多重峰), 8.90 (1H,寬多重峰) IR (KBr):2924cm-1
, 1676.79cm-1
, 1334.4cm-1
, 1156.7cm-1
質量 (m/z):340(M+
)
藥學組成物
在另一具體實施例中本發明提供了藥學組成物,其包含治療有效量的一或更多結構式(I)之化合物。儘管有可能個別地或結合地直接給藥治療有效量的結構式(I)之化合物而無任何調劑,通常的做法是以藥學劑量形式給藥化合物,其包含藥學上可接受之賦形劑與至少一活性成分。這些劑量形式可以各種途徑給藥,包括口服、局部、經皮、皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內、腹膜內、鼻內、肺部給藥等,較佳為以口服途徑給藥。
口服組成物可以固體或液體劑型的形式。固體劑型可包含丸劑、囊、小袋或分離單位,如片劑、多顆粒單位、膠囊(軟與硬明膠)等。液體劑型可以酏劑、懸浮液、乳劑、溶液、糖漿的形式。可根據本領域已知組成物製造的任何方法製備欲供口服用途的組成物,此類藥學組成物除了活性成分外,可包含如Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients (sixth edition, 2009)
中所描述的賦形劑,例如稀釋劑、崩解劑、黏合劑、增溶劑、潤滑劑、助流劑、表面活性劑、懸浮劑、pH調整劑、乳化劑、螫合劑、穩定劑、調味劑、甜味劑、色素等。
可根據傳統藥學作法,將活性物質溶解或懸浮於媒液,例如注射用水中,以配製注射用無菌組成物。
劑型除了立即釋放的劑型外,可具有緩釋、延遲釋放或控制釋放活性成分。
為達到療效所需的活性成分量當然會受到特定化合物、給藥途徑、受治療病患與被治療的特定失調或疾病而影響。本發明之化合物可以每日0.0005至100 mg/kg,較佳為以每日0.0005至50 mg/kg,更佳為以每日0.001至 20 mg/kg,最佳為以每日0.1 至 50 mg/kg的劑量口服、吸入或腸內途徑給藥。成人的劑量範圍一般來說自每日100 mg至每日2000 mg,較佳為劑量範圍為每日150 mg至每日1500 mg 。
已發現本發明的化合物對於與AGE累積相關的疾病症狀治療是有效果的。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明提供了治療疾病症狀之方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將治療有效量之結構式(I)的化合物給藥予對其有需求的哺乳類動物。
本發明的另一具體實施例為結構式(I)的化合物對於藥劑製備的用途,該藥劑治療疾病症狀,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
本發明的另一具體實施例提供包含結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療劑的藥學組合,該治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
本發明的另一具體實施例為提供了治療疾病症狀之方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將治療有效量之結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療劑進行給藥,該一或更多治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
本發明的另一具體實施例提供了結構式(I)的化合物以及一或更多治療劑的用途,該一或更多治療劑選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑;f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物;i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類,以用於製備治療疾病症狀的藥劑,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
如本文所提到的抗高血壓藥包括但不限於血管緊縮素轉換酶(ACE)抑制劑、腎活素抑制劑、β腎上腺素受體阻斷劑、α腎上腺素受體阻斷劑、鈣離子通道阻斷劑、鉀離子通道活化劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑、中性肽鏈內切酶(NEP)抑制劑、雙血管緊縮素轉換酶/中性肽鏈內切酶(ACE/NEP) 抑制劑、內皮素受體拮抗劑、雙血管緊縮素與內皮素受體拮抗劑(DARA)、利尿劑或其藥學上可接受之鹽類;如本文所提到的降血脂藥或降脂劑包括但不限於MTP 抑制劑、HMG CoA 還原酶抑制劑、角鯊烯合成酶抑制劑、纖維酸衍生物、ACAT 抑制劑、脂肪加氧酶抑制劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、迴腸Na+/膽酸 共同轉運體抑制劑、LDL 受體活性向上調節劑、膽固醇酯轉移蛋白(CETP)抑制劑、膽酸螫合劑及/或菸鹼酸與衍生物或其藥學上可接受之鹽類;如本文所提到的抗糖尿病劑包括但不限於PPARγ 促效劑、雙胍類、蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶-1B (PTP-1B) 抑制劑、磺醯尿素、美格替耐(meglitinide)、α葡萄糖苷水解酶抑制劑、PPARα 促效劑、PPARδ 促效劑或拮抗劑、α澱粉酶抑制劑、脂肪酸氧化抑制劑、A2 拮抗劑、二肽基肽酶IV (DP4) 抑制劑、aP2 抑制劑、SGLT2 抑制劑、肝糖磷酸化酶抑制劑、高血糖素樣肽-1 (GLP-1)、胰島素或擬胰島素、PPAR.α./γ雙促效劑、11β-HSD 1 (11β-羥基-類固醇脫氫酶 1) 抑制劑、其他胰島素增感藥物、葡萄糖激酶活化劑、VPAC2 受體促效劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽類;如本文所提到的抗血小板劑包括但不限於環加氧酶抑制劑、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受體抑制劑、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、蛋白酶活化受體-1 (PAR-1) 拮抗劑、醣蛋白IIB/IIIA 抑制劑、腺苷再吸收抑制劑、凝血脂素抑制;如本文所提到的抗血栓劑包括但不限於美拉加群(melagatran)與克西美拉加群(ximelagatran)、香豆素與Xa因子抑制劑,例如利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、雷札沙班(razaxaban)或每一例子中其藥學上可接受的鹽類;本發明中對糖尿病血管併發症有用的藥劑包括但不限於醛醣還原酶抑制劑、AGE 抑制劑或AGE分解劑。適用於糖尿病併發症治療的醛醣還原酶抑制劑代表經由抑制醛醣還原酶以降低細胞內山梨糖醇,及係經由多元醇代謝過程的增強而過度累積(其係由發展糖尿病併發症的組織中出現的持續高血糖症所引發)的山梨糖醇;如本文所提到的減肥藥,其包括但不限於5HT(血清素)轉運體抑制劑、NE(正腎上腺素)轉運體抑制劑、CB-1(大麻素-1 受體) 拮抗劑/反向促效劑、飢餓肽抗體、飢餓肽拮抗劑、H3(組織胺 H3)拮抗劑/反向促效劑、NPY1(神經胜肽Y Y1)拮抗劑、NPY2(神經胜肽Y Y2)促效劑、NPY5(神經胜肽Y Y5)拮抗劑、瘦體素或其衍生物、類鴉片(opioid)拮抗劑、食慾激素拮抗劑、BRS3 (鈴蟾素受體亞型3) 促效劑、CCK-A(膽囊收縮素-A)促效劑、CNTF(睫狀神經營養因子)、CNTF衍生物、GHS(生長激素促分泌素受體)促效劑、5HT2c(血清素受體 2c)促效劑、Mc3r(黑皮質素3 受體)促效劑、Mc4r (黑皮質素 4 受體) 促效劑、單胺再吸收抑制劑、β3(β腎上腺素受體 3)促效劑、DGAT1(甘油二酯醯基轉移酶1)抑制劑、DGAT2(甘油二酯醯基轉移酶2)抑制劑、FAS(脂肪酸合成酶)抑制劑、PDE (磷酸二酯酶)抑制劑、甲狀腺激素β 促效劑、UCP-1(解偶聯蛋白1)、-2或-3活化劑、醯基雌激素、糖皮質素拮抗劑、SCD-1(硬脂醯-CoA 去飽和酶-1)抑制劑、脂酶抑制劑、脂肪酸轉運體抑制劑、二甲酸鹽轉運體抑制劑;減少心血管風險的藥劑,如本文所提到的,包括但不限於被引用於本文作為參考的WO2007100295中所揭露的化合物;或其藥學上可接受的鹽類。
較佳地,該額外的治療劑係選自二甲雙胍(metformin)、格列本脲(glyburide)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、脂解素(adiposine)、卡格列波糖(camiglibose)、乙格列酯(emiglitate)、米格列醇(miglitol)、伏格列波糖(voglibose)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)、達格列嗪(dapagliflozin)、艾帕列淨(empagliflozin)、那格列嗪(canagliflozin)、阿格列汀(alogliptin)、沙格列汀(saxagliptin)、利格列汀(linagliptin)、西他列汀(sitagliptin)、維格列汀(vildagliptin)、胺氯地平(amlodipine)、非洛地平(felodipine)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)、地爾硫卓(diltiazem)、樂卡地平(lercanidipine)、卡托普利(captopril)、貝那普利(benazepril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、依那普利(enalapril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)、阿利吉侖(aliskiren)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、羅舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin, cerivastatin)、非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、吉非貝齊(gemfibrozil)、氯貝丁酯(clofibrate)、苯紮貝特(bezafibrate)、環丙貝特(ciprofibrate)、克利貝特(clinofibrate)、丙丁酚(probucol)、也吉提麥伯(ezetimibe)、阿利克侖(aliskiren)、尼可地爾(nicorandil, 克羅匹多(clopidogrel)、普拉格雷(prasugrel)、阿司匹靈(aspirin)、噻氯匹啶(ticlopidine)、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、吲達帕胺(indapamide)、三氯甲基疊氮(trichlormethazide)、阿爾噻嗪(altizide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、呋塞米(furosemide)、毛地黃毒苷(digitoxin)、地高辛(digoxin)、歐得通(spironolectone)或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
本發明的所有方面或具體實施例,在適當情況下(即提及結構式(I)的化合物時)可同樣地適用在結構式(II)的化合物。
生物測試
運動神經傳導速度評估被進行,以作為AGE相關的糖尿病併發症的測量。
評估本發明化合物對神經傳導速度的效果之體內研究 方法:
糖尿病的誘發 選擇170-250 g,6-10週齡的健康雄性威斯達大鼠(Wistar rat)用於研究。將動物分成兩群組,即非糖尿病控制組(正常控制組大鼠)以及糖尿病組。以溶解於檸檬酸緩衝液(pH 4.5)中的鏈佐黴素(60 mg/kg體重)之單一腹腔內注射誘發糖尿病 (在糖尿病組動物中)( Biro et al; Brain Research Bulletin (1997) 44(3) : 259–263 )
。
動物的治療與觀察 於鏈佐黴素注射後一週,經由測量血漿葡萄糖量以確認糖尿病的誘發。在糖尿病持續12週後,將糖尿病組動物進一步細分成下列群組: I. 糖尿病控制組大鼠 II. 以1號化合物治療的糖尿病大鼠
將1號化合物以150 mg/kg給藥予糖尿病大鼠,以1號化合物的媒液治療糖尿病控制組大鼠。於整個實驗過程中針對水分攝取、食物攝取、體重變化、血液生化參數、尿液參數與死亡等方面監控大鼠。將8週治療對糖尿病動物的各種參數之療效與未受治療的糖尿病動物與非糖尿病(正常)控制組大鼠的結果相比較。
神經傳導速度(NCV)研究 在8週治療後,以Biro et al, (1997)
中描述的方法評估NCV。在短暫麻醉中,於坐骨切痕與踝關節處分別予坐骨神經與脛神經電子性刺激。使用刺激器經由針狀電極傳遞過大刺激(supramaximal stimulus)。使用數據採集系統(MacLab®, ADI儀器)將來自蹠肌的肌電圖(EMG)放大並記錄。每個EMG由兩部分組成:(1) 短潛時直接運動反應(M)與單突觸誘發長潛時感覺反應(H,霍夫曼反射)。測量M反應的潛時與持續期間並計算運動神經傳導速度(MNCV)。
研究所使用的記錄與刺激電極細節內容如下:記錄電極:
將後足蹠面的小肌肉覆以膠凍,然後以良好寬度的鬆緊帶繫在蹠面。將接地電極插於腳跟皮膚下。刺激電極:
受刺激神經,即(a) 坐骨的(近端)(b) 脛骨的(遠端)蹠肌出現於坐骨切痕與踝關節。將陰極置於靠近神經處。
將陽極置於接近陰極之處。於神經刺激時,從蹠表面記錄反應(EMG)。研究相較於控制組(非糖尿病)之受治療大鼠的NCV。計算: MNCV = 坐骨與脛部刺激點間的距離 M 坐骨 與 M 脛部 潛時 的差異
其中潛時 :
人為刺激開始至肌肉動作電位(muscle action potential)第一正向偏轉的波峰間的持續時間。距離:
充分伸展完成記錄的後肢。使用細線測量坐骨與腳踝插入陰極處兩點間的距離。
可如以下方式確定神經傳導速度的改善百分率% NCV 改善
= (受治療大鼠NCV- 糖尿病大鼠NCV) X 100/(正常大鼠NCV- 糖尿病大鼠NCV)。使用單尾t檢驗用於治療間的比較。
結果:
相較於非糖尿病控制組動物,糖尿病動物顯示出NCV障礙。相較於以媒液治療的糖尿病控制組大鼠,化合物1已顯示糖尿病動物的NCV改善,如第1圖所示(根據學生t檢驗,***
p<0.001 媒液vs於化合物1)。
第1圖:化合物1對於糖尿病鼠的神經傳導速度(NCV)之療效。
Claims (18)
- 一種結構式(I)之化合物: (I)與其同分異構物、立體異構物、阻轉異構物、構形異構物、互變異構物、多形體、水合物與溶劑化物;其中, Y- 為Y的陰離子; Y係選自硝酸、(C2 -C12 )烷基磺酸、(C3 -C12 )環烷基磺酸、初級膽酸、二級膽酸、共軛膽酸、CH3 -(CH2 )Z -COOH、分枝(C4 -C14 )烷羧酸、(C4 -C14 ) 烯羧酸、(C4 -C14 ) 炔羧酸與C3 -C12 環烷羧酸; Z係選自1至14; n係選自0至5; R1 係獨立地選自氫、(C1 -C8 )烷基、 (C1 -C8 ) 過鹵烷基、(C3 -C8 )環烷基、雜(C3 -C14 )環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1 -C8 )烷基、雜芳基、雜芳基(C1 -C8 )烷基、 (C1 -C8 )烷氧基、 甲醯胺基、-NHCO-(C1 -C8 )烷基、–NR5 R6 、醯基、醯氧基、(C1 -C8 )烷氧基羰基、磺醯胺基、鹵素、氰基與硝基; R2 係選自R4 、–C(O)R4 、–C(O)NHR4 、-SO2 R4 、-C(O)NR5 R6 或結構A(I);R3 係獨立地選自(C1 -C8 )烷基、 (C1 -C8 )過鹵烷基、(C3 -C8 )環烷基、雜(C3 -C14 )環烷基、芳基、芳基 (C1 -C8 )烷基、雜芳基、雜芳基(C1 -C8 )烷基、 (C1 -C8 )烷氧基、芳基氧基、胺基、-NR5 R6 、-NHR4 、醯氧基與磺胺; R4 係選自(C1 -C8 )烷基、(C1 -C8 ) 過鹵烷基、(C3 -C8 )環烷基、雜(C3 -C14 )環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1 -C8 )烷基與雜芳基; R5 與 R6 係獨立地選自氫、(C1 -C8 )烷基、 (C3 -C8 )環烷基、芳基、芳基(C1 -C8 )烷基與雜芳基,或R5 與 R6 可共同生成一4-8元飽和或不飽和單環或雙環之環狀物,可與可隨選地包含一至二個選自O、N與S的雜原子之苯融合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物,其中; Y為CH3 -(CH2 )Z -COOH;R2 為-SO2 R4 ;R3 為雜芳基; Z係選自1 至14且R4 為(C1 -C8 )烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物,該化合物係選自由:與所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物為 (II),其中n為1至2,較佳為n為1。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含如前述申請專利範圍任一項所述的一或更多化合物之一治療有效量,其隨選地與一藥學上可接受之賦形劑、輔劑或載體混合。
- 一種藥學組合,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物以及一或更多治療劑,該一或更多治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑; h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物;以及 i) 心血管風險降低劑;或一其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
- 一種治療疾病症狀之方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物之一治療有效量給藥予對其有需求的一哺乳類動物。
- 一種治療疾病症狀之方法,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該方法係經由將如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物之一治療有效量以及一或更多治療劑給藥予對其有需求的一哺乳類動物,該一或更多治療劑係選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或一其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物之用途,該用途用於一藥劑的製備,該藥劑用於治療疾病症狀,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物以及選自以下一或更多者的用途:a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 糖尿病血管併發症藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之一鹽類的治療劑,以用於一藥劑的製備,該藥劑用於治療疾病症狀,該疾病症狀選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,其包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥樣硬化、視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1項所述結構式(I)之化合物的方法,該結構式(I)如下: (I)該方法包含, a. 將結構式(3)之化合物或 b. 將結構式(3b)之化合物與 Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下反應;其中R1 、R2 、R3 、Y與Y- 為如申請專利範圍第1項所定義;且 A- 為選自烷基磺酸鹽、芳基磺酸鹽、雜芳基磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫過氯酸鹽、草酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、乙酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、己二酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甘醇酸鹽、乳酸鹽、丙酮酸鹽、栓酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、硝酸鹽、芳基羧酸酯、雜芳基羧酸酯、桂皮酸鹽、苯二甲酸鹽與杏仁酸鹽的相反離子;並且 X為鹵素。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1項所述結構式(I)之化合物之方法,該結構式(I)為: (I)該方法包含, 將如下之結構式(3a)之化合物與 Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類,隨選地在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下反應;其中R1 、R2 、R3 、Y與Y- 係如申請專利範圍第1項所定義。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項與第12項所述之方法,其中結構式3、(3a)或(3b)的化合物以及Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類的莫耳比率為6.0:0.5至 0.5:6.0。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之方法,其中結構式3、(3a)或(3b)的化合物以及Y或其藥學上可接受之鹽類的莫耳比率為1.0:1.0。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之方法,其中結構式3的化合物為3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之方法,其中結構式(3a)的化合物是3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子且Y為CH3 -(CH2 )8 -COOH。
- 一種製備如下化合物1的方法:該方法包含, 將3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物與CH3 -(CH2 )8 -COOH 或其鹼金屬鹽或鹼土金屬鹽,在溶劑的存在下與隨選地在鹼的存在下反應; 其中3-{[2-(甲磺醯基)聯胺基]羰基}-1-[2-側氧-2-(噻吩-2-基)乙基]吡啶陽離子氯化物對CH3 -(CH2 )8 -COOH或其鹼金屬鹽或鹼土金屬鹽的莫耳比率為6.0:0.5至 0.5:6.0。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1項所述結構式(I)之化合物的方法: (I)該方法包含, a. 將選自如下結構式(1d)、(1e)、(1f)、(1g)、(1h)或(1i)的化合物 與如下結構式(2a)的化合物b. 隨選地在溶劑或鹼或其混合物的存在下,將Y或其藥學上可接受的鹽類加至從步驟a)中所獲得之反應混合物中; 其中 R1 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 為如申請專利範圍第1項所定義,X為鹵素。
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