CN107432439A - 一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合夹心饼干的配方及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合夹心饼干的配方及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107432439A CN107432439A CN201710601786.6A CN201710601786A CN107432439A CN 107432439 A CN107432439 A CN 107432439A CN 201710601786 A CN201710601786 A CN 201710601786A CN 107432439 A CN107432439 A CN 107432439A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，可用于航天员抵抗空间应激环境的日常饮食，也可用于经常处于应激环境下人群的日常营养保健食品。所述含片由树莓粉、松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物、酪蛋白、赖氨酸、牛磺酸、木糖醇、麦芽糊精、β‑环状糊精、玉米淀粉等原料加工而成。本发明首先采用真空冻干结合常温湿法造粒技术得到均一的固体颗粒，然后进行压片制成片剂。不仅可有效避免原料中活性成分的破坏，最大程度地保留其风味，且方便保存和食用。外观设计为三层夹心，色泽搭配明亮，给人以视觉享受。本产品既可用于航天员抵抗空间应激环境的日常饮食，也可用于经常处于应激环境下人群的日常营养保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，属于特殊用途食品领域。
背景技术
应激反应指机体受到应激原刺激时出现的以交感神经系统兴奋和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺系统分泌肾上腺皮质激素增多为主要表现的一系列神经内分泌反应，以及机体各组织器官功能和代谢改变。空间环境由于其特殊性可使航天员产生更为严重的应激反应。微重力、噪声、辐射、狭小孤立环境和高任务负荷等因素是载人航天中影响航天员身心健康的应激原。中长期在轨驻留期间可使航天员反应能力降低、工作能力下降等神经精神系统功能紊乱，直接影响航天员健康和工作任务的完成。因此，急需开发研究一系列航天员专用抗空间不良环境应激的功能性食品。太空环境的特殊性对航天食品的形式要求很高，也就增加了相关产品开发的难度系数，此外，目前有关抗应激功能食品的功能因子也较单一。
为解决上述问题，本发明以树莓粉、松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物、酪蛋白、赖氨酸、牛磺酸为主要原料，然后再以木糖醇、麦芽糊精、β-环状糊精和玉米淀粉为辅料进行造粒，得到粒度均一的颗粒后，经压片机压片后得到一种具有抗应激功能的夹层饼干。
树莓，树莓是蔷薇科悬钩子属的多年生落叶性灌木型果树，中草药称其为覆盆子。尤其是红树莓，富含 21种人体必需氨基酸和多种维生素，其中含有八种必需氨基酸，富含人体所必需的植物SOD，天然抗癌物质鞣化酸，天然阿斯匹林水杨酸，大量天然减肥物质树莓酮以及维生素E。研究表明，树莓中的活性成分树莓酮具有显著的抗应激活性。
松茸提取物中活性成分主要为多糖，研究表明，松茸多糖对非特异性免疫和特异性免疫都有显著的增强作用，同时还具有抗应激作用。松茸的辐射防护机制与其促进自由基清除、抑制或阻断自由基引发的脂质过氧化反应有关。
山药为薯蓣科多年生宿根蔓生植物薯蓣的块茎，具有益肾气，健脾胃，止泻痢，化痰涎以及润皮的功效。山药的主要功效成分是山药多糖，研究表明，山药多糖可改善应激环境下小鼠的行为，并显著抑制小鼠长时间运动后血清尿素氮、肝糖原以及血乳酸含量的升高。
太子参为常用补益中药，具有益气健脾、生津润肺之功效。太子参含皂甙、多糖、挥发油、黄酮、环肽、脂肪酸、油脂、甾醇、磷脂、氨基酸、微量元素等化学成分；太子参总提取物具有免疫促进、延长寿命等药理作用。实验结果表明，太子参多糖对小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧、耐低温有明显的作用；能增加小鼠免疫器官的重量，对小鼠网状内皮系统(RES)吞噬功能有一定的激活作用，并能提高小鼠免疫后血清中溶血素的含量。
酵母培养物是指活酵母细胞接种于特制培养基充分发酵后，产生的含有活酵母细胞R代谢产物及培养物的一种复合产品，具有增强机体免疫力和抗应激等活性。
葡萄籽中含有丰富的白藜芦醇和原花青素，其提取物经研究表明具有显著的抗氧化应激作用。
绿茶提取物中的茶氨酸、儿茶素等均具有抗应激活性。
黄芪是常用的补益中药，具有促进免疫功能、延缓衰老、抗感染等作用。黄芪可显著改善小鼠对负重游泳、缺氧、高温及低温等应激环境的适应能力。
酪蛋白是乳中含量最高的蛋白质，具有防治骨质疏松与佝偻病，促进动物体外受精，调节血压，治疗缺铁性贫血、缺镁性神经炎等多种生理功效，尤其是其促进常量元素（Ca、Mg）与微量元素（Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Co、Mn、Se）高效吸收的功能特性使其具有“矿物质载体”的美誉，它可以和金属离子，特别是钙离子结合形成可溶性复合物，一方面有效避免了钙在小肠中性或微碱性环境中形成沉淀，另一方面还可在没有VD参与的条件下使钙被肠壁细胞吸收，所以CPPs是最有效的促钙吸收因子之一，它的发现为补钙制品的研发提供了一种新方法。此外，补充酪蛋白可增强机体对不良环境的适应能力。
研究表明，氨基酸类如赖氨酸等缓解应激环境对机体的损伤。常服用赖氨酸等抗应激剂可有助于机体抵抗不良应激环境的能力。
长期的慢性应激可导致大脑海马神经再生障碍，引发学习记忆能力减退，诱发抑郁症、阿尔海茨默症等神经退行性疾病。牛横酸在动物机体内分布广泛，对神经系统的结构和功能的维持具有重要的作用，可提高大脑的认知及记忆功能。牛横酸显著提高慢性应激大鼠的学习记忆能力，并改善其焦虑恐惧的状态。
本发明首次将树莓粉、松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物、酪蛋白、赖氨酸、牛磺酸复合，添加木糖醇、麦芽糊精木糖醇、麦芽糊精、β-环状糊精、玉米淀粉制粒后压片，得到复合抗应激夹层饼干，属于天然食品。本发明不仅可有效避免原料中活性成分的破坏，最大程度地保留其风味，且方便保存和食用。外观设计为三层夹心，色泽搭配明亮，给人以视觉享受。本产品既可用于航天员抵抗空间应激环境的日常饮食，也可用于经常处于应激环境下人群的日常营养保健食品。
本发明利用木糖醇与麦芽糊精为辅料造粒后压片不仅可以掩盖冲剂中活性物质产生的涩味，还可使产品便携易食。所得含片不仅营养丰富、具有天然植物的清香风味，还具有包装简易、运输方便、保存期长等优势。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的
一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述含片应由以下原料加工而成：树莓粉15g～25g、松茸多糖3g～10g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物10g～20g、葡萄籽提取物10g～20g、绿茶提取物3g～10g、黄芪提取物2g～9g、酪蛋白5g～15g、赖氨酸5g～15g、牛磺酸2g～8g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。
上述航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干按照以下加工步骤加工而成：
一、将采摘后的12h～24h内的红树莓清洗，后置于-25℃～-20℃低温冰箱中迅速冷冻0.5～1.5h，将冷冻后的树莓果转移至冻干机干燥仓内，于-20℃～-10℃条件下真空干燥1~3h得树莓冻干果，后经粉碎机粉碎过40目筛备用。
二、采用水提法对松茸中的活性多糖进行提取，提取条件为：料液比1:10，温度80℃，时间20min。
三、采用乙醇浸提法对太子参中活性成分进行萃取，乙醇浓度60%，料液比1:8，温度60℃，时间30min。
四、采用微波辅助萃取法对枸杞和山药中的活性成分进行提取，提取条件为：料液比1:30，微波功率500W，微波处理15s，间隔30s，总处理时间5min。
五、取离心过的酵母泥适量，加水2.0-3.0倍 ，在高压均浆泵中进行细胞破碎后，在0℃温度 下自溶12-24小时。再经碱破壁，调pH值至微酸性后，加入适量酶制剂，搅拌均匀后置予酵母水解试验器中进行水解1 6-18h后，在5000r/min下进行离心分离得到酵母提取物清液。
六、将葡萄籽粉碎，过20目筛，取过筛后的葡萄籽粉适量，60℃水浴，50%乙醇浸泡30min，过滤，重复提取3次，合并提取液，获得原花青素提取液。
七、采用超声波辅助溶剂萃取法对绿茶提取物中活性成分进行提取，提取条件为：超声功率400W，时间20min，料液比1：15。
八、采用水回流提取法对黄芪中进行提取，第一次加 10倍量溶剂提取2h，第二次加8倍量溶剂提取1.5h。
九、将酪蛋白粉、赖氨酸以及牛磺酸过40目筛后备用。
十、将二、三、四、五、六、七、八中的提取液分别进行浓缩后冻干，得到松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物冻干粉，过40目筛备用。
十一、将木糖醇和麦芽糊精过40目筛备用。
十二、将松茸多糖3g～10g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物10g～20g、葡萄籽提取物10g～20g、黄芪提取物2g～9g、酪蛋白5g～15g、赖氨酸5g～15g、牛磺酸2g～8g、木糖醇25g～45g、麦芽糊精10g～20g、β-环状糊精5g～12g、玉米淀粉5g～15g混合，置于三维混合罐中中充分混合30min。
十三、将绿茶提取物30g～35g、木糖醇10g～14g、麦芽糊精3g～4g、β-环状糊精1g～2g、玉米淀粉1g～3g混合，单独造粒。
十四、将树莓粉30g～35g、木糖醇10g～14g、麦芽糊精4g～5g、β-环状糊精3g～4g、玉米淀粉2g～3g混合，单独造粒。
十五、选用体积分数为85%的乙醇溶液作润湿剂，将步骤十二、十三和十四中已混合均匀的物料揉成软硬度适中的团，然后过40目筛子造粒，颗粒放入50 ℃鼓风干燥箱干燥1 h。
十六、经压片机压片，为了方便食用，选择直径为1.5cm的模具进行压片。压片时，首先将绿茶固体颗粒与植物提取物颗粒压片，制得下层与夹心层，然后再将上层树莓颗粒平铺于模板中，加大压力，将树莓层紧紧贴合夹心层，从而制得三层夹心饼干。
本发明的特点是以树莓粉、松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物、酪蛋白、赖氨酸、牛磺酸、木糖醇、麦芽糊精、β-环状糊精、玉米淀粉为主要原料加工而成，不添加任何添加剂，属于健康功能性保健食品。此外，采用真空冻干结合常温湿法造粒技术可有效避免原料中活性成分的破坏，且最大程度地保留其风味。制成片剂可方便食用，且有利于保存。外观设计为三层夹心，色泽搭配明亮，给人以视觉享受。本产品既可用于航天员抵抗空间应激环境的日常饮食，也可用于经常处于应激环境下人群的日常营养保健食品。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例一
一、将采摘后的12h～24h内的红树莓清洗，后置于-25℃～-20℃低温冰箱中迅速冷冻0.5～1.5h，将冷冻后的树莓果转移至冻干机干燥仓内，于-20℃～-10℃条件下真空干燥1~3h得树莓冻干果，后经粉碎机粉碎过40目筛备用。
二、采用水提法对松茸中的活性多糖进行提取，提取条件为：料液比1:10，温度80℃，时间20min。
三、采用乙醇浸提法对太子参中活性成分进行萃取，乙醇浓度60%，料液比1:8，温度60℃，时间30min。
四、采用微波辅助萃取法对枸杞和山药中的活性成分进行提取，提取条件为：料液比1:30，微波功率500W，微波处理15s，间隔30s，总处理时间5min。
五、取离心过的酵母泥适量，加水2.0-3.0倍 ，在高压均浆泵中进行细胞破碎后，在0℃温度 下自溶12-24小时。再经碱破壁，调pH值至微酸性后，加入适量酶制剂，搅拌均匀后置予酵母水解试验器中进行水解1 6-18h后，在5000r/min下进行离心分离得到酵母提取物清液。
六、将葡萄籽粉碎，过20目筛，取过筛后的葡萄籽粉适量，60℃水浴，50%乙醇浸泡30min，过滤，重复提取3次，合并提取液，获得原花青素提取液。
七、采用超声波辅助溶剂萃取法对绿茶提取物中活性成分进行提取，提取条件为：超声功率400W，时间20min，料液比1：15。
八、采用水回流提取法对黄芪中进行提取，第一次加 10倍量溶剂提取2h，第二次加8倍量溶剂提取1.5h。
九、将酪蛋白粉、赖氨酸以及牛磺酸过40目筛后备用。
十、将二、三、四、五、六、七、八中的提取液分别进行浓缩后冻干，得到松茸多糖、枸杞多糖、山药提取物、太子参提取物、酵母提取物、葡萄籽提取物、绿茶提取物、黄芪提取物冻干粉，过40目筛备用。
十一、将木糖醇和麦芽糊精过40目筛备用。
十二、将松茸多糖3g～10g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物10g～20g、葡萄籽提取物10g～20g、黄芪提取物3g～10g、酪蛋白2g～8g、赖氨酸5g～15g、牛磺酸5g～15g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。，置于三维混合罐中中充分混合30min。
十三、将绿茶提取物30g～32g、木糖醇10g～14g、麦芽糊精3g～4g、β-环状糊精1g～2g、玉米淀粉1g～3g混合，单独造粒。
十四、将树莓粉30g～33g、木糖醇10g～14g、麦芽糊精4g～5g、β-环状糊精3g～4g、玉米淀粉2g～3g混合，单独造粒。
十五、选用体积分数为85%的乙醇溶液作润湿剂，将步骤十二、十三和十四中已混合均匀的物料揉成软硬度适中的团，然后过40目筛子造粒，颗粒放入50 ℃鼓风干燥箱干燥1 h。
十六、经压片机压片，为了方便食用，选择直径为1.5cm的模具进行压片。压片时，首先将绿茶固体颗粒与植物提取物颗粒压片，制得下层与夹心层，然后再将上层树莓颗粒平铺于模板中，加大压力，将树莓层紧紧贴合夹心层，从而制得三层夹心饼干。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一不同的是将树莓粉15g～20g、松茸多糖2g～8g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物9g～16g、葡萄籽提取物3g～6g、绿茶提取物25g～28g、黄芪提取物2g～4g、酪蛋白5g～7g、赖氨酸5g～8g、牛磺酸2g～5g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g进行混合造粒。
实施例三
本实施例与实施例一不同的是将树莓粉20g～25g、松茸多糖3g～7g、枸杞多糖2g～7g、山药提取物2g～6g、太子参提取物2g～4g、酵母提取物6g～9g、葡萄籽提取物6g～8g、绿茶提取物20g～25g、黄芪提取物7g～9g、酪蛋白5g～8g、赖氨酸3g～6g、牛磺酸6g～8g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g进行混合造粒。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其进行限制；尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明，但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而对这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述产品
应由以下原料加工而成：树莓粉30g～35g、松茸多糖3g～10g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物10g～20g、葡萄籽提取物10g～20g、绿茶提取物30g～35g、黄芪提取物2g～9g、酪蛋白5g～15g、赖氨酸5g～15g、牛磺酸2g～8g、木糖醇25g～45g、麦芽糊精10g～20g、β-环状糊精5g～12g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述产品应由以下原料加工而成：树莓粉30g～33g、松茸多糖3g～10g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物10g～20g、葡萄籽提取物10g～20g、绿茶提取物30g～32g、黄芪提取物3g～10g、酪蛋白2g～8g、赖氨酸5g～15g、牛磺酸5g～15g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述产品应由以下原料加工而成：树莓粉15g～20g、松茸多糖2g～8g、枸杞多糖2g～9g、山药提取物2g～9g、太子参提取物2g～9g、酵母提取物9g～16g、葡萄籽提取物3g～6g、绿茶提取物25g～28g、黄芪提取物2g～4g、酪蛋白5g～7g、赖氨酸5g～8g、牛磺酸2g～5g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述产品应由以下原料加工而成：树莓粉20g～25g、松茸多糖3g～7g、枸杞多糖2g～7g、山药提取物2g～6g、太子参提取物2g～4g、酵母提取物6g～9g、葡萄籽提取物6g～8g、绿茶提取物20g～25g、黄芪提取物7g～9g、酪蛋白5g～8g、赖氨酸3g～6g、牛磺酸6g～8g、木糖醇15g～30g、麦芽糊精5g～15g、β-环状糊精2g～8g、玉米淀粉5g～15g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种航天员专用抗应激树莓复合压缩饼干的配方及其制作方法，其特征在于所述产品在设计制作夹心饼干的过程中，上层为粉色树莓提取物，中间为黄色植物提取物，最下层为绿色茶叶提取物。在压片过程中，上层与中下层粘合时使用压力为下层与中间层粘合时使用压力的1.5～3倍。
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