CN107432135B - 利用真菌促进锁阳种子萌发的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用真菌促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,具体地说是一种利用保藏编号为CGMCC No.13875的白刺内生真菌Fusarium redolens发酵液诱导锁阳种子快速萌发。当内生真菌发酵液浓缩到原体积的1/2时,萌发率最大,即为48.72%,萌发时间仅5天。该方法操作简单,成本低,无污染,是促进锁阳种子快速萌发的有效方法。
Description
技术领域
发明涉及中草药育种技术,具体属于一种利用白刺内生真菌发酵液促进锁阳种子萌发的方法。
背景技术
锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum)为锁阳科(Cynomoriaceae)锁阳属的单科单属单种植物,多寄生于蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceae)白刺属(Nityaria)植物的根部,为专一性全寄生种子植物,主要分布在甘肃、新疆、青海、内蒙古等省。锁阳性温,味甘,具补肾阳、益精血、润肠通便之功效。近年来有研究表明,锁阳在防癌、抗癌、免疫调节、延缓衰老、防治心血管疾病、治疗白细胞减少等方面也具有重要的医疗价值。锁阳在蒙药里也用来止泻健胃,治疗肠热、胃炎、消化不良、痢疾等病症,此外,锁阳富含鞣质,可提炼烤胶,并且淀粉含量高达32%,可用于酿酒及加工饲料;锁阳含多种化学成分及药用有效成分;还含有多种营养成分,人畜均可食用。
目前,锁阳药材来源仍然以野生为主,由于人们的无序与过度采挖,野生锁阳资源已趋于枯竭,而锁阳寄主专一,且种子与白刺根部接触机会很少,种子的萌发存在四大难点。(1)植物种子萌发的基本条件是水分、温度和空气,而锁阳种子因其种皮厚且木质化,水分和空气也很难渗透进去,是种子萌发的一大难点。(2)锁阳种子休眠率高,如何打破种子休眠,在生产实践中大规模推广成为了种子萌发的第二大难点。(3)种子中存在萌发抑制物,即为脱落酸ABA,阻碍抑制种子的萌发。(4)寄主植物诱导物的存在例如独角金内酯是影响种子萌发的第四大难点。
截止目前,已经有通过物理,化学和生物激素的方法来进行促进锁阳种子萌发的报告,相比于自然萌发,有效的提高了种子萌发效率,但是,还存在着锁阳种子萌发周期仍然过长,萌发方法中的试剂成本高、污染种子和环境、操作复杂、存在危险因素,可持续性差等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用真菌促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,即用该真菌发酵液诱导锁阳种子萌发,以缩短锁阳种子的萌发时间,提高萌发率,该方法应具有无污染,成本低,可持续性强等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种真菌菌株CSR1-9经鉴定为Fusarium redolens(芳香镰孢菌),这株真菌于2017年6月12日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号CGMCCNo.13875,保藏单位地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
CSR1-9菌株培养特性:在PDA培养基上培养,菌落中央隆起,呈雪白色,毛状边缘,气生菌丝发达,无明显可见分泌物,菌落背面为暗黑色。将直径为0.5-1.0cm的菌饼接种于PDA培养基上,生长5天的菌落直径为4.45cm。显微观察表明,该菌的分生孢子为镰刀状、直或弯,两端钝圆、长短在6-25μm之间,粗2-3μm;菌丝有隔,无分支现象,为亮色,粗、细菌丝并存,直径介于2-4μm之间。
一种利用真菌促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)将保藏编号CGMCC No.13875的真菌在PDA平板上活化,在28-30℃条件下恒温培养,菌落长至3~5cm的旺盛状态时,备用;
将PDA平板上生长的4-6块直径为0.5-1.0cm的CGMCC No.13875的真菌菌饼直接接种于PDA液体培养基中,所述的PDA液体培养基含20g/L葡萄糖,200g/L的土豆;在25℃-30℃,转速为180-210r/min条件下,暗培养4-10天,四层纱布过滤,将菌丝和发酵液分离,弃菌丝,得发酵液原液,并放于4℃保存,待用;
2)挑选饱满的野生锁阳种子,在1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡5小时,然后滤去溶液,得到去果皮锁阳种子;将去果皮的锁阳种子,浸没到80%的甲醇溶液中,在25℃搅拌24h,将甲醇溶液过滤掉,并用无菌水反复冲洗锁阳种子,洗净残留甲醇;
3)将步骤2)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养容器中,每天早、晚分别滴加步骤1)制得的发酵液原液,保持滤纸润湿,在温度20-30℃条件下暗培养4-8天,获得锁阳发芽种子,最高萌发率达48.72%。
所述发酵液原液可以用发酵液原液的浓缩液或发酵液原液的稀释液替代。
所述浓缩液为发酵液原液浓缩至原体积的0.1-0.9倍的浓缩液,优选浓缩至原体积0.5倍的浓缩液。
所述稀释液为发酵液原液用无菌水稀释0.3-1倍体积的稀释液。
与现有技术相比本发明的优点和效果:
本发明采用保藏编号为CGMCC No.13875的芳香链孢菌发酵液原液、浓缩液、稀释液诱导锁阳种子萌发,均具有促进锁阳种子萌发的效果,用发酵液原液浓缩至原体积的0.5倍的浓缩液诱导锁阳种子萌发,种子萌发率达到了48.72%,且萌发时间仅为5天。相比于原有方法,该方法操作简单,成本低,无污染,为提高种子萌发率,加快锁阳快速繁殖建立了新方法,为锁阳育种提供了新途径。
具体实施方式
实施例1:发酵液原液对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理
挑选饱满的野生锁阳种子,在1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡5小时,然后滤去溶液,得到去果皮锁阳种子;将去果皮的锁阳种子,浸没到80%的甲醇溶液中,在25℃搅拌24h,将甲醇溶液过滤掉,并用无菌水反复冲洗锁阳种子。
2)菌种及其发酵液原液制备
无菌条件下,在PDA平板上25-30℃培养CGMCC No.13875真菌5天,在菌落边缘打取4块0.5cm的菌块,然后分别接种于已盛有100毫升培养液的250mL锥形瓶中,保证菌块分散于培养液中,恒温25℃,摇床180r/min,暗培养5天,停止发酵后,4层灭菌纱布过滤液体培养物,得发酵液原液,并放于4℃保存,备用。
3)发酵液原液诱导锁阳种子萌发
将步骤1)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养皿中(n=3),每天早8:00、晚8:00滴加上述发酵液原液,保持滤纸润湿,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率。
经过6天,萌发率达到40.27%,见表1。
实施例2:发酵液原液浓缩液对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理,同实施例1;
2)按实施例1步骤2)制备菌种及其发酵液原液,并将所得发酵液原液浓缩至原体积的0.5倍(浓缩液);
3)将步骤1)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养皿中(n=3),每天早8:00、晚8:00滴加上述浓缩液,保持滤纸润湿,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率。
经过5天,萌发率达到48.72%,见表1。
实施例3:发酵液原液稀释液对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理,同实施例1;
2)按实施例1步骤2)制备菌种及其发酵液原液,并将所得发酵液原液用无菌水稀释0.5倍体积的稀释液。
3)将步骤1)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养皿中(n=3),每天早8:00、晚8:00滴加上述稀释液,保持滤纸润湿,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率
经过10天,萌发率达到35.7%,见表1。
实施例4:固体菌对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理,同实施例1。
2)按照步骤2)培养CGMCC No.13875菌种得到固体菌(菌丝),将经过表面处理的锁阳种子均匀置于该固体菌表面,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率。
经过8天,萌发率达到32.73%,见表1。
以下实施例为对比例:
实施例5:无菌水对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理,同实施例1。
2)将步骤1)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养皿中(n=3),每天早8:00、晚8:00滴加无菌水,保持滤纸润湿,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率。
经过31天,萌发率达到15.38%,见表1。
实施例6:赤霉素对锁阳种子萌发的影响
1)锁阳种子的表面处理,同实施例1。
2)将步骤1)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养皿中(n=3),每天早8:00、晚8:00滴加100ug/ml的外源赤霉素(GA3)溶液诱导锁阳种子萌发,保持滤纸润湿,在温度28℃条件下暗培养,定期观察、记录和计算锁阳种子的萌发时间与萌发率。
经过18天,萌发率达到20%,见表1
表1.生物及化学因素促进锁阳种子萌发的时间及萌发率
Claims (6)
1.一种能促进锁阳种子萌发的真菌菌株,特征在于它是保藏编号为CGMCC No.13875的芳香链孢菌。
2.一种利用真菌促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)将保藏编号CGMCC No.13875的真菌在PDA平板上活化,在28-30℃条件下恒温培养,菌落长至3~5cm的旺盛状态时,备用;
将PDA平板上生长的4-6块直径为0.5-1.0cm的CGMCC No.13875的真菌菌饼直接接种于PDA液体培养基中;在25℃-30℃,转速为180-210r/min条件下,暗培养4-10天,四层纱布过滤,将菌丝和发酵液分离,弃菌丝,得发酵液原液,并放于4℃保存,待用;
2)挑选饱满的野生锁阳种子,在1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡5小时,然后滤去溶液,得到去果皮锁阳种子;将去果皮的锁阳种子,浸没到80%的甲醇溶液中,在25℃搅拌24h,将甲醇溶液过滤掉,并用无菌水反复冲洗锁阳种子;
3)将步骤2)处理的锁阳种子均匀置于铺有两层无菌滤纸的培养容器中,每天早、晚分别滴加步骤1)制得的发酵液原液,保持滤纸润湿,在温度20-30℃条件下暗培养4-8天,获得锁阳发芽种子。
3.如权利要求2所述的促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵液原液用发酵液原液的浓缩液或稀释液替代。
4.如权利要求3所述的促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,所述浓缩液为发酵液原液浓缩至原体积的0.1-0.9倍的浓缩液。
5.如权利要求4所述的促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,所述浓缩液为发酵液原液浓缩至原体积的0.5倍的浓缩液。
6.如权利要求3所述的促进锁阳种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,所述稀释液为发酵液原液用无菌水稀释0.3-1倍体积的稀释液。
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