CN107428148B - 制造层压纺织品的方法、用于该方法的主背衬和制造该主背衬的方法 - Google Patents

制造层压纺织品的方法、用于该方法的主背衬和制造该主背衬的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107428148B
CN107428148B CN201680009134.7A CN201680009134A CN107428148B CN 107428148 B CN107428148 B CN 107428148B CN 201680009134 A CN201680009134 A CN 201680009134A CN 107428148 B CN107428148 B CN 107428148B
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porous layer
sheet
yarns
layer
intermediate product
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CN107428148A (zh
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克里斯·里特林格斯伯格
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Kostron Netherlands Co ltd
Covestro Netherlands BV
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DSM IP Assets BV
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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  • Carpets (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及制造纺织品的方法,其包括提供具有前表面和后表面的第一片材,用孔隙率为50%至99%的多孔层覆盖所述片材的后表面,所述层包含热塑性材料,通过将一根或多根纱线缝合穿过第一片材来在第一片材的前表面上形成绒头,所述一根或多根纱线具有形成所述绒头的自由端和延伸到多孔层中的锁定端,从而形成中间产品,通过沿着具有加热表面的物体进料该产品来处理中间产品,所述多孔层被压贴在所述加热表面以使热塑性材料的至少一部分熔融,使热塑性材料的熔融部分冷却,从而使所述一根或多根纱线的锁定端与第一片材连接,并且任选地使用施加在中间产品的经处理的表面和第二片材之间的粘合剂,将第二片材与经处理的中间产品连接。本发明还涉及用于该方法的主背衬以及制造该主背衬的方法。

Description

制造层压纺织品的方法、用于该方法的主背衬和制造该主背 衬的方法
发明的一般领域
本发明涉及制造纺织品的方法,其包括:提供具有前表面和后表面的第一片材,该第一片材通常被称为主背衬,通过将一根或多根纱线缝合穿过第一片材来在该片材的前表面上形成绒头,所述一根或多根纱线具有形成所述绒头的自由端和被缝合到主背衬中的锁定端,从而形成中间产品,通过沿着具有加热表面的物体进料该产品来处理中间产品,该产品的背部与所述加热表面接触(例如压贴),以使所述一根或多根纱线的锁定端至少部分地熔融,从而在锁定端的熔融部分凝固后提供与第一片材的连接,并且任选地使用施加在中间产品的经处理的表面和第二片材之间的粘合剂,将所述第二片材与经处理的中间产品连接。本发明还涉及用于该方法的主背衬以及制造该主背衬的方法。
发明背景
上文中所描述的方法从EP 1598476(归属于Klieverik)中是已知的。该专利描述了一种将纱线连接到主背衬的方法,其中没有使用胶乳来锚定纱线。背衬包含片材,其中多根热塑性纱线被缝合穿过片材的厚度,在后表面处形成环,并从其上表面突出以在其上形成绒头。这个过程叫做簇绒(tufting)。在一个替代性实施方式中,可以采用织造,这意味着实际上可以仅使用一根纱线来缝合产品的整个长度(或甚至整个产品)。在以这种方式形成的中间产品中,纱线还不能耐久地与主背衬连接:可以通过对纱线施加轻的拉力而容易地将它们移除。为了使纱线耐久地与主背衬连接,中间产品沿着加热的辊表面进料(绒头向上),并且其下侧被压贴辊子,使得纱线将至少部分地熔融。在EP 1598476中指出,在冷却和凝固后,纱线被牢固地锚定于彼此和背衬,而不需要胶乳聚合物,以提供纱线的足够的机械锚定。一个实施方式教导了可以额外地施加作为粉末的热塑性粘合剂(例如热熔粘合剂)于背衬的下侧,因此加热表面使纱线和粘合剂一起熔融,以在绒头、粘合剂和背衬之间产生良好的粘合。在另一个实施方式中,可以在加热后在垂直于背衬表面的方向上(即从下方)向背衬和绒头施加压力(例如通过加压辊),以使塑化的纱线一起涂沫以增强它们的相互粘附,从而允许加热辊保持在较低的温度下,低于仅通过加热时纱线会融合的温度。该方法提供了如下优点:中间背衬可以容易地被再循环,因为纱线和背衬材料可以由相同的聚合物制成。没有不相容的胶乳渗入纱线绒头中。与现有技术方法相比,还节约了能源和原料成本。然而,这种方法仍然有一些缺点。如果不使用额外的粘合剂,纱线仍然不能足够牢固地锚固到背衬以用于高负载应用中,例如用作汽车、火车、飞机、办公室、商店等内部的地毯。因此,在实践中为了从EP 1598476中描述的中间背衬制造纺织产品,仍然需要将额外的粘合剂或胶乳施加到背衬的下侧,以大量浸渍绒头和背衬以提供足够的机械锚定。
WO 2012/076348(归属于Niaga)描述了另一种制备纺织品的方法,其中使用加热和压力来使纱线在第一片材的背部处至少部分地熔融,并使熔融的材料铺展,以提供良好的机械锚定。尽管在理论上通过使用这种方法,可能不再需要额外的次级支撑层(第二片材),但该文献确实指出,这种支撑层可能仍然是有用的,特别是当使用反应性粘合剂来将第二片材连接到第一片材时。这种反应性粘合剂依赖于存在于第一片材和第二片材之间的界面处的反应性分子之间的热可逆反应。反应性粘合剂提供的粘合比通常由其他类型的粘合剂(例如热熔粘合剂(HMA))实现的粘合强得多。然而,虽然反应性粘合剂的使用提供了强的粘合并且可以容易地被再循环(与胶乳不同),但其使用仍然导致不具有最佳机械性能的纺织品。使用化学反应性粘合剂的另一个缺点是待接合的各组分和粘合剂二者都必须携带共反应性基团。因此,用于制备主背衬和/或簇绒的聚合物可能需要在额外的步骤中进行化学改性,因为标准的商业聚合物可能不含有适合与反应性粘合剂一起使用的所需官能团。
WO96/29460公开了簇绒地毯,其包含绒头面纱、背衬织物和不含胶乳材料的可黏着的粘合剂。这种粘合剂包含热塑性织物,该热塑性织物熔融以将绒头固定于背衬。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种制造纺织品的改进方法,其中纱线被机械性耐久地粘合于主背衬。
发明概述
为了满足本发明的目的,已经设计出“发明的一般领域”部分中定义的方法,其中在采用熔融处理之前,片材的后表面被用孔隙率为50%至99%(即大于50但小于100%,具有50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98和99%之间的任意值)的多孔层覆盖,多孔层包含热塑性材料,使该热塑性材料的至少一部分熔融,并使热塑性材料的熔融部分冷却,从而使一根或多根纱线的锁定端与第一片材连接。
通过用这种多孔层覆盖第一片材的后表面(例如通过在后表面上铺设这样的多孔层的片材,或通过在后表面上原位构建这样的多孔层),发现可以在纱线和主背衬之间获得非常耐久的粘合。最可能的原因是,包含在多孔层(均匀地分布)中的热塑性材料在至少部分熔化和随后的冷却之后(以使熔融的材料再次硬化)形成额外的锁定方式,其以抓住纱线的端部周围的(半)连续层形式。实际上,尽管在WO 2012/076348中,主背衬的共熔融被描述为用于连接纱线的改进方法,但这被描述为(规则)主背衬的共熔融。这种规则的主背衬通常是非常致密的材料,因为它必须提供机械稳定性。典型的孔隙率为10-30%的这种致密材料不容易熔化到其熔融部分容易流动并与纱线混合的程度。多孔层具有空隙,使得热塑性材料以蓬松(非致密)的方式存在,因此容易通过与热体接触熔融。此外,由于层中空隙的含量高,熔融部分容易混合在纱线的端部周围。这表现出提供了纱线的锁定端与第一片材的高度耐用的连接。这相对于如EP 1598476所述的添加粉末状热熔粘合剂的优点在于,多孔层是(半)连续的,因此在层的长度和宽度方向上存在固有的机械强度。当如在EP 1598476中提出的那样使用粉末状热熔粘合剂时,热熔粘合剂的颗粒(固有不连续的)仅能够提供纱线的局部粘合。只有当粘合剂完全熔化并作为连续层铺展时,产品的长度和宽度方向上才有机械强度。在主背衬的不平坦表面上提供具有薄层粘合剂的这种连续层在实践中是不可能的。然而,本发明的方法以非常简单和有效的方式提供了这样的连续层。均匀分布(每平方厘米的量大约相同)在多孔层中的热塑性材料可以以1至100%(质量)的量存在,该量取决于例如其凝固后的强度和其熔融特性。然而,实际上具有高于10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或甚至高于90%的量。
应注意,根据本发明,在将纱线施加到第一片材之前,可以在该片材上提供多孔层,但是采用如下方法也可以是有利的:先将第一片材中的纱线缝合,然后施加多孔层。然而,第一实施方式具有以下优点:具有多孔层的主背衬可以作为层压板脱机(off-line)制造,并且更容易设计实际工艺,其中纱线的锁定端实际上延伸到多孔层中。
本发明还涉及用于生产层压纺织品的主背衬,其中背衬包括机械稳定的第一片材,和与该片材的表面连接的孔隙率为50%至99%的多孔层,该层包含热塑性材料。本发明还涉及制造用于生产层压纺织品的主背衬的方法,该方法包括提供机械稳定的片材,用孔隙率为50%至99%的多孔层覆盖片材的表面,该层包含热塑性材料,并使所述多孔层与所述片材连接。
定义
“层压品”是包括多个以机械方式彼此连接的堆叠层的结构。
“片材”是基本上二维的块团或者材料,即,宽且薄,通常但不一定是矩形形式。
“层”是片材,但与片材不同的是,层在拉伸应力下可具有低的固有机械稳定性(参见:棉绒的层是棉纤维的二维片材,但在拉伸应力下可被撕裂)。
“热塑性材料”是当加热时软化或熔化并在冷却时硬化的材料。通常,热塑性材料包括热塑性聚合物,热塑性聚合物由分子彼此不相连或几乎不相连的聚合物分子(即它们没有交联或几乎没有交联)组成。热塑性材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、丙烯酸类树脂、聚酰胺、聚氨酯和纤维物质。
“纤维状”指基本上由纤维组成。“基本上”是指基本的机械构造由纤维排布:然而,纤维可以使用非纤维状材料浸渍或者以其它方式处理或组合,以使最终的材料也包含除纤维外的其他构成部分。典型的纤维状片材是织造的或非织造的纺织品,或其组合。
“孔隙率”是材料中的空隙(即“空”)空间的量度,是空隙的体积占总体积的分数,在0和1之间,或者在0和100%之间的百分比。
“缝合”是通过缝合法或类缝合法(例如通过簇绒、针织、缝纫、织造等)来以机械方式制造物体的纱线部分的方法。
“毡层”是非织造的分离的纤维层,其中非织造的分离的纤维被使用机械冲击(任选地使用热和潮湿)缠结在一起。
“针毡”是一种毡化方法,其中使用(一个或多个)针来抓住绒头织物中的纤维的顶层,并通过使针进入绒头织物来使纤维的顶层与纤维的内层缠结。典型地,使用多根针的多个动作来产生最终的毡产品。虽然被错误地称为“带刺”的针,但是针实际上沿着抓住纤维的针的轴处具有凹口。由于这些凹口朝着针的末梢向下,所以当针离开绒头织物时,它们不会将纤维拉出。
热熔粘合剂是被设计为具有如下性质的热塑性粘合剂:被熔融(即被加热)以从固态转变成液体状态,从而在凝固后粘附材料。热熔粘合剂通常是非反应性的、结晶的,并且包含少量溶剂或不含溶剂,因此为了提供足够的粘附性,固化和干燥通常不是必需的。
发明的实施方式
在根据本发明的方法的第一实施方式中,纱线的锁定端至少部分地与热塑性材料共熔融。通过至少部分地与热塑性材料共熔融,能够在(最终)凝固化的热塑性材料和纱线之间产生较强的粘合,因此在第一片材和纱线之间产生较强的粘合。具体地,仅仅纱线的表面部分被熔融,这足以确保与热塑性材料的熔融部分的一定程度的混合,但不足以使纱线的锁定端完全熔融并因而“溶解”在多孔层中。在该实施方式中,多孔层中的热塑性材料和纱线材料的各自熔融温度之间的差异优选地为20℃或更低,例如19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1℃,或者二者相同。熔融温度差异小时,熔融方法更易于实施。
在根据本发明的方法的第二实施方式中,多孔层具有至少90%的孔隙率。看上去,至少90%的孔隙率提供了一种非常易于熔融的热塑性材料,同时在该层中(重要的是在该层的长度和宽度方向中)仍保持所要求的机械连接。实际上,层中的最终机械强度将取决于例如在层中存在的其他材料(如果有的话)、熔融的量(其可以是0至100%之间的任何值,典型地在10至90%之间)和热塑性材料的类型。取决于与根据本发明的多孔层的使用相关的所需要的额外粘合强度,通过常规实验可以发现适当量的熔融和材料类型。
在另一个实施方式中,一根或多根纱线的锁定端完全穿过多孔层延伸,任选地形成在整个多孔层上行进的一个或多个环。通过使锁定端完全穿过多孔层延伸,至少部分熔融的纱线与存在于多孔层中的至少部分熔融的材料将存在非常好的缠结。如所指出,锁定端任选地形成在整个多孔层上行进的环。在该实施方式中,需要在将纱线施加到第一片材之前已经在该第一片材上提供多孔层。因此这意味着多孔层实际上与主背衬整合,从而形成双层主背衬。这样,当纱线被缝合到该双层主背衬中时,纱线可能能够形成实际上在整个多孔层上行进的环。这看上去提供了甚至进一步改善的粘合强度。
在另一个实施方式中,多孔层是非织造层。非织造层的优点是它是均匀的,或者至少接近均匀的(与在不同方向上具有实质上不同性质的织造层相反)。在本发明中,这种均匀性是非常有利的,因为它提供了与最终纺织品的使用的方向几乎无关的额外粘合强度。
在另外一个实施方式中,多孔层是纤维状层。纤维状层(例如绒头织物状层)可以被容易地提供作为多孔层,其在任何方向上是均匀的,空隙非常高(高达99%)并且在其长度和宽度方向上仍然具有足够的机械强度。这是因为纤维可机械地缠结,因此,甚至当孔隙率高达99%时,仍然具有足够的机械强度。在另一实施方式中,多孔层是毡层,任选地针毡层。
在另外还有一个实施方式中,其中多孔层是纤维状层,多孔层本质上由长度短于10cm、典型地长于0.1cm、优选地1至7cm的纤维组成。发现当纤维长于10cm时,其不易于提供薄且均匀的多孔层。低于0.1cm时,纤维之间的缠结非常少或者没有,并且能够用于使纤维与主背衬交织的长度非常少。尽管可行,但使用长度小于1cm的纤维导致在层的长度和宽度方向上机械缠结较少。典型地,使用1至7cm的纤维,其中3至6cm(例如4至5cm)的纤维是优选的,因为它们更易于组装成绒头织物。
在还要进一步的一个实施方式中,多孔层包含重量为2至12dTex的纤维,即每10米长度下2至12mg的重量。对于纺织品(例如地毯)的绒头来说,典型地使用重量大于12dTex的纱线,例如20至40dTex。然而,对于目前的多孔层来说,发现有利地使用较之本领域中常见的纤维重量更低的纤维。其原因是这些非常细的纤维更容易熔融并且表现出形成更均匀的熔融材料的层,其用作纱线的额外粘结层,同时在不存在纱线的那些位置(例如,取决于在纱线的行列之间的纱线图案的类型)处形成用于任选的次级背衬的锚定层。这种额外的锚定效应的原因尚不清楚,但可能导致改进的层压性能。
在另一个实施方式中,多孔层还包含碳纤维,通常为0.1至1质量%。申请人认识到,当使用纤维状多孔层、特别是毡层时,容易在层中额外地加入碳纤维。这种纤维可以使得纺织品能够至少在一定程度上传导电流,从而可以防止或至少大大减弱纺织品的静电充电(这是许多纺织品经常遭遇到的实际问题)。
在另外一个实施方式中,多孔层包含选自聚亚烷基纤维、聚酯纤维和聚酰胺纤维组成的组的纤维。申请人认识到,如果多孔层由与纱线和/或第一片材相同类型的材料制成,最终产品的再循环将更容易。
在另一个实施方案中,多孔层的厚度为0.1至5mm。看上去采用0.1至5mm的厚度,可以在多孔层中提供足够的固体材料以获得本发明的优点。通常,层越厚,孔隙率越高,尽管这可能取决于:例如多孔层中的连续线(即实际材料,例如纤维)的厚度和材料的类型(熔融温度)。
在另一个实施方式中,第一片材是织造织物。织造织物相对于非织造织物具有多个优点,即它是坚固且相对便宜的。织造主背衬的一大缺点是当背衬被切割时,其侧面可能会磨损并变得磨破。这就是为什么对于许多高端应用诸如地毯块、酒店用地毯、飞机用地毯和其他非家用应用来说,主背衬是非织造材料,例如(可从Bonar,Arnhem,TheNetherlands获得)。然而,这种非织造主背衬相对昂贵,因此主要应用于高端产品中。然而,采用本发明,可以防止由于织造背衬的顶部上或与织造背衬相连的(部分)熔融的多孔层而引起的织造的主背衬的剥落。这种(部分)熔融层保持织造物完好无损的完整性,甚至当最终的纺织品被切割时也是如此。在另一个实施方式中,第一片材是由聚合物带织造的织物。这种织物制造成本非常便宜,并且与(部分)熔融多孔层组合时不会(或几乎不)遭受磨损的问题。
在另一个实施方式中,在中间产品的处理期间,中间产品相对于加热表面具有相对的速度(不为零)。在该实施方式中,通过在平行于第一片材的表面的方向上在熔融部分上赋予机械应力,使多孔层和纱线的熔融部分铺展在该方向上。这种机械应力可导致压延过程,在中间产品的背部处使纱线末端和多孔层实际上结合成一个连续且光滑的材料层。
在另一个实施方式中,用于将第二片材连接到经处理的中间产品的粘合剂是热熔粘合剂。由于其结晶特性,热熔粘合剂在冷时相对较脆。就其本身而言,所预料的是中间产品的局部变形将导致粘合剂的断裂并因此导致分层。这看上去并非如此。在另一个实施方案中,热熔粘合剂包含至少50重量%的下述聚合物,所述聚合物选自聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚(酯-酰胺)、它们的混合物和/或共聚物组成的组。这提供了例如选择与用于构成片材所使用的聚合物相同类型的聚合物的粘合剂作为一个选项。当回收纺织品时这是有利的。
应当注意,根据本发明的方法的实施方式的任何上述特征也可有利地应用于根据本发明的主背衬中,或制造用于生产层压纺织品的主背衬的方法中,只要它们涉及主背衬本身(因此任选地与多孔层整合的第一片材)即可。特别地,其中第一片材由聚合物带织造的主要背衬非常有利于用于制造纺织品,因为这种背衬易于生产、相对便宜,并且由于多孔层而不需要遭受磨损这一现有技术的缺点。
现在将使用以下非限制性实施例更详细地解释本发明。
实施例
图1示意性地示出了现有技术纺织品的横截面。
图2示意性地示出了图1的产品的细节。
图3示意性地示出了用于应用纤维结合工艺的配置。
图4示意性地示出了层压配置。
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明的纺织品的横截面。
实施例1提供了采用根据本发明的纺织品的测试结果。
图1
图1示意性地示出了现有技术纺织品的横截面,在该情况下是地毯块。该块包括第一片材2,所谓的主背衬,其是从Shaw Industries,Dalton USA得到的坚固的非织造密封尼龙。尼龙纱线5被簇绒到该主背衬中,其末端7延伸穿过该背衬并在整个其后表面4上形成环。这样,末端7被锁到主背衬中。纱线5的自由端6从片材的第一表面3延伸,以在其上形成绒头。采用参考图3中所描述的纤维粘结方式,通过使锁定端7密封到片材的第二表面4,使纱线5机械耐久地连接到主背衬。该第一片材的重量是每平方米670g。为了提供机械稳定性,块1包含第二片材8,在该情况下从TWE,Emsdetten,Germany作为Qualitex Nadelvlies获得的聚酯针毡背衬绒头织物的背衬。该第二片材的重量为约800g/m2。在第一片材和第二片材之间是弹性层10,在该情况下是重量为330g/m2的聚酯膨胀绒头织物,其从作为Abstandsvliesstof从TWE获得,Abstandsvliesstof是一种未被针刺的非织造织物。该层10的两侧由已经被机械地凝固化的100%PET的网构成。该中间层的厚度为约4mm。使用从DSM,Geleen,the Netherlands获得的聚酯热熔胶将三层(第一片材和第二片材和中间层)胶合在一起,以约1100g/m2的重量涂覆作为层11和12。因此,地毯块的总重量为约2.4kg/m2
图2
图2示意性地示出了在制造的各个阶段中的图1的产品的细节。图2示出了中间产品100,其由主背衬2和簇绒于其中的纱线5组成。如图所示,纱线5的锁定端7在主背衬的后表面4处形成环。自由端6从主背衬的前表面3延伸。纱线5可以容易地从该中间产品中去除,因为纱线被简单地缝合到该背衬中。通过用手施加轻的拉力,可以容易地从主背衬去除每根纱线。为了使纱线耐久地连接到主背衬,如WO 2012/076348所示,采用纤维粘结工艺,将参照图3进一步详细阐述。在该方法中,将中间产品100的背部沿着与其接触的加热体拖拽,以使纱线的环至少部分地熔融,并且还可能地在其后表面处使主背衬的一些材料熔融,并且同时通过迫使熔融材料在主背衬的后表面4上铺展少许,来使后表面光滑。这导致非常平坦和光滑的层,其中锁定端7的至少部分材料(只要原本存在于环中并且被熔融)或多或少地被铺展成在主背衬的后表面4上的平坦的构型。经处理的中间产品100′被描述于图2B中。已经发现,尽管熔融和铺展作用,但是当使用与在纺织品的正常高负荷使用期间施加的拉力相对应的拉力时,纱线仍然可以从经处理的产品中拉出(因而从最终的纺织品中拉出)。不受理论的束缚,据信这是由于在纱线从主背衬出来的位置51和52处产生高张力。高张力积聚可导致断裂,因此纱线的自由端不再固定于主背衬的背部。此外,由于难以控制主背衬与纱线的锁定端的共熔(主背衬的实质共熔可导致纱线材料的“过熔”或甚至可能燃烧,尤其是当使用高处理速度时),通常需要抑制主背衬共熔。由于纤维粘结过程,这使得纱线机械地连接到主背衬的强度变差。
图3
图3示意性地示出了应用纤维粘结过程的配置,在该情况下是从WO2012/076348已知的基本方法得到的方法。在图3中所示的配置中,为了对加热元件进行加热,存在第一加热块500和第二加热块,也被分别称为加热片或加热体505和506。这些加热元件分别具有工作表面515和516,其表面与待处理的中间产品100、典型地主背衬(纱线经由缝合工艺(例如簇绒)应用于主背衬)接触。工作表面二者具有18mm的工作宽度,中间距离为26mm。使产品的后表面与加热元件的工作表面接触。为了能够给待处理的产品施加合适的压力,存在Teflon支撑物520,其被用于对抗施加到加热元件的推力。在操作中,加热元件在指示的方向X上相对于产品移动。典型地,加热元件是固定的,并且强行使中间产品100产品在与用X表示的方向相反的方向上在工作表面和特氟隆支撑物之间行进。用上述配置处理的产品100由设置有被簇绒到片材中的聚合物纱线割绒的第一片材(主背衬)组成。纱线通常具有约260-280℃的熔融温度。使用200-220℃的第一加热元件的温度对该产品进行处理,以预热产品。第二加热元件保持在比纱线的熔融温度高约15℃的温度下。为了将温度保持在所要求的水平,加热块和加热元件分别设有绝缘材料510、511、512和513层。产品以12mm/秒(0.72米/分钟)或更高的速度供给,并且用加热元件施加的压力为约1.35牛顿/平方厘米。这导致具有压延的后表面的产品100′,即在缝合纱线从后表面延伸的位置处是光滑和有光泽的。
图4
图4示意性地示出了一种层压配置,其用于将第二片材(在这种情况下是尺寸稳定的次级背衬片材)施加到采用结合图3所述的方法制造的第一片材的背部。在该图中,描绘了第一辊子600,在该辊子上缠绕根据结合图3描述的方法制成的经处理的中间产品100′的2米宽网状物。从辊子600上退绕该产品,使其背面217与第二辊子601接触。提供这个辊子以便将一层热熔粘合剂(HMA)层219涂覆于背面217。为此,在辊子601与602之间存在大量HMA219并对其加热。这个层的厚度可以通过调整这两个辊子之间的间隙来调整。HMA的涂覆位点的下游是次级背衬215,该背衬从辊603退绕。将这个次级背衬压贴在灼热且胶粘的粘合剂上并在单元700中冷却。这个单元由两个带701和702组成,这些带一方面将次级背衬215压贴在主产品100′上,另一方面使粘合剂冷却到低于粘合剂的凝固温度。随后,将所产生的最终产品201缠绕在辊子604上。在一个替代性实施方式中,关于图3所描述的纤维粘结工艺和层压工艺有条理地(in line)进行。在那种情况下,图3中所示的纤维粘结设置可以放置在辊子600与辊子601之间。在这种情况下,中间产品100被缠绕在辊600上并沿其余的工艺步骤进料。
通常,主背衬材料本身被选择为具有远远高于纱线的熔融温度的材料,使得如果期望的话,背衬本身完全不受熔融过程的影响。这提供了如下优点:可以使用在用于纤维粘结的高处理温度下更加尺寸稳定的主背衬,但是缺点是纤维粘结工艺导致较不牢固地粘合的纱线。通过使用如参照图5说明的本发明来解决该问题。
图5
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明的纺织品的横截面。该图对应于图2。在图5A中,第一片材2被描绘为具有前表面3和后表面4。该片材由织造的聚合物带制成。以每10cm编织112根纱线来织造经纱,经纱由42Tex的1.0mm宽的聚酯带制成。以每10cm编织59根纱线来织造纬纱,纬纱由86Tex的2.0mm宽的聚酯带制成,每10厘米编织59根纱线。这导致机械强度高的片材,其具有约100g/m2的非常低的重量,并且制造成本低廉。如现有技术中所认识到的,由聚合物带织造的这种片材的缺点是片材易于磨损。该片材的后表面4被多孔层20覆盖,在该情况下被毡纤维状层覆盖。该层是通过如下制成的:用长度约50mm的5dTex纤维覆盖片材2的后表面,70%的纤维为聚酰胺(Tm约220℃)并且30%的纤维为低熔融聚酯(Tm约230℃)。纤维的用量约为45g/m2。该层被针毡至第一片材,从而形成新的双层主背衬2′。当达到约2mm的最终厚度(对于多孔层来说)时,针毡过程停止。在该层中所产生的孔隙率约为98%。使用不同的纤维混合物,不同的起始重量(通常在30至70g/m2之间)和不同的针毡过程(每平方米针数不同,毡化时间不同,等等),可以制造孔隙率在90和99之间%、通常高于95%的多孔层。
如图5A所示,纱线5(在该情况下聚酰胺)被簇绒到主背衬2′中,使得锁定端7形成在多孔层20的整个后表面4′上延伸的环(此时,其实际上是新的主背衬2′的后表面),从而形成中间产品110。该产品进行参照图3所述的纤维粘结过程。其结果示意性地示于图5B中。多孔层与纱线5的锁定端7的一部分一起被部分地熔融,并形成被部分熔融和压缩的绒头织物的薄层20′,其中纱线的端部牢固地锁定在其中。该层可以最好地与玻璃纤维增强树脂进行比较,其中玻璃纤维增强树脂是一种提供有缠结的纤维的或多或少的连续层,在其块中包含纱线的端部。这样,当与没有多孔层的粘合相比(参见图2)时,在经处理的中间产品110′中的纱线5看起来被更好地粘合于主背衬。这种构造的另一个优点是,当被切割时层20′防止主背衬的磨损。
实施例1
该实施例提供了将本发明的纺织品与不包含本发明的纺织品进行比较的试验结果。结合图5所述,这两种纺织品都是基于织造聚酯带的主背衬和在其中簇绒的尼龙纱线。如结合图5所述,根据本发明的纺织产品具有额外的多孔层。为了提供机械稳定性,两种纺织产品都配备有次级背衬,在该情况下为从TWE,Emsdetten,Germany作为QualitexNadelvlies获得的具有约500g/m2重量的聚酯针毡背衬绒头织物。使用从DSM,Geleen,theNetherlands获得的聚酯热熔胶将两层胶合在一起,重量约300g/m2
纺织品首先根据ASTM D1335-12(“用于绒头纱线地板覆盖物的簇绒粘合的标准试验方法”(Standard Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings))进行簇绒粘合试验。对于含有多孔层的纺织品,所得的簇绒粘合为24.9N,对于没有多孔层的纺织产品为17.9N。显然,由于根据本发明的多孔层的存在,纱线获得了更好的在主背衬中的锚定。
之后,根据ASTM D3969-05(“用于绒头纱线地板覆盖物的次级背衬的抗分层性的标准试验方法”(Standard Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of theSecondary backing of Pile Yam Floor Covering))对产品进行分层试验。看上去,根据本发明的包含多孔层的纺织品的分层强度为80-100N,峰值在124-138N之间。对于没有多孔层的纺织产品,这些数值大大降低,分别为20N和32-52N。尽管分层强度的改善的原因并不是100%清楚,但是可能是由于在主背衬中更好地锚定簇绒纱线引起的。

Claims (18)

1.制造纺织品的方法,其包括:
-提供具有前表面和后表面的第一片材,
-用孔隙率为50%至99%的多孔层覆盖所述片材的所述后表面,所述层包含热塑性材料,
-通过将一根或多根纱线缝合穿过所述第一片材来在第一片材的所述前表面上形成绒头,所述一根或多根纱线具有形成所述绒头的自由端和延伸到多孔层中的锁定端,从而形成中间产品,
-通过沿着具有加热表面的物体进料所述中间产品来处理该产品,所述多孔层与所述加热表面接触,以使所述热塑性材料的至少一部分熔融,
-使所述热塑性材料的熔融部分冷却,从而使所述一根或多根纱线的锁定端与所述第一片材连接,
-使用施加在所述中间产品的经处理的表面和第二片材之间的粘合剂,任选地将所述第二片材与经处理的中间产品连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述纱线的所述锁定端至少部分地与所述热塑性材料共同熔融。
3.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层的孔隙率为至少90%。
4.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述一根或多根纱线的所述锁定端完全穿过所述多孔层延伸,任选地形成在整个所述多孔层上行进的一个或多个环。
5.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层是非织造层。
6.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层是纤维状层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层是毡层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层是针毡层。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层本质上由长度1至7cm的纤维组成。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层包含重量为2至12dtex 的纤维。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层还包含碳纤维。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层包含选自聚亚烷基纤维、聚酯纤维和聚酰胺纤维组成的组的纤维。
13.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述多孔层的厚度为0.1至5mm。
14.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一片材是织造织物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一片材是由聚合物带织造的织物。
16.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于在所述中间产品的处理期间,所述中间产品相对于所述加热表面具有相对的速度。
17.根据前面权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述粘合剂是热熔粘合剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于所述热熔粘合剂包含至少50重量%的聚合物,所述聚合物选自聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚(酯-酰胺)、它们的混合物和/或共聚物组成的组。
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