CN112840075A - 包括形状配合连接的第一部分的载体材料 - Google Patents

包括形状配合连接的第一部分的载体材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112840075A
CN112840075A CN201980067715.XA CN201980067715A CN112840075A CN 112840075 A CN112840075 A CN 112840075A CN 201980067715 A CN201980067715 A CN 201980067715A CN 112840075 A CN112840075 A CN 112840075A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
carrier material
fiber layer
thermoplastic fiber
thermoplastic
fibers
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Pending
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CN201980067715.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
J·德琼格
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Freudenberg Performance Materials BV
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Bonar BV
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Publication of CN112840075A publication Critical patent/CN112840075A/zh
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    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/732Dimensional properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/04Tiles for floors or walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/06Roofs, roof membranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00Floor coverings
    • B32B2471/02Carpets
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/12Fibres being in the form of a tape, strip or ribbon
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2203/00Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
    • D06N2203/08Bituminous material, e.g. asphalt, tar, bitumen
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/06Building materials
    • D06N2211/066Floor coverings
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2213/00Others characteristics
    • D06N2213/06Characteristics of the backing in carpets, rugs, synthetic lawn

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

一种载体材料,其包括至少第一热塑性纤维层(A1)和第二热塑性纤维层(A2),其特征在于,在载体材料的至少一个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分被去除,以提供形状配合连接的第一部分。载体材料可用于沥青屋顶膜,屋顶衬垫板,过滤介质的载体,簇绒地毯的主背衬和(垫)乙烯基地板覆盖物。

Description

包括形状配合连接的第一部分的载体材料
本发明涉及一种载体材料以及制造这种载体材料的方法。
包含热塑性纤维层的载体材料在现有技术中是已知的。这样的材料可用于许多应用中,例如沥青屋顶膜,屋顶垫衬板,过滤介质的载体,簇绒地毯的主背衬和(垫)乙烯基地板覆盖物。
载体材料通常以卷材的形式出售,因此,对于每种载体材料和/或每种应用,每个卷的长度优选应相同。通过例如沥青屋顶,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物的制造方法,无需另外处理即可使用载体材料。
因此,被制造成例如屋顶膜的第一载体材料在纵向上具有终端。对于连续制造方法,例如在制造沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物时,必须通过连接到第一载体材料的终端来连接第二载体材料的开头。因此,尽可能少地干扰包含载体材料的最终产品的制造方法。
载体材料具有矩形形状(图10),因此,载体材料具有四个边界,两个边界在纵向(4a/b),两个边界在横向(5a/b)。此外,载体材料具有开头(4a),该开头(4a)必须理解为纵向上的边界以及(卷离)载体材料的开头。同时,载体材料具有终端(4b),该终端(4b)必须理解为开头(4a)的相对边界和(卷离)载体材料的终端。此外,载体材料在横向上具有两个边界,其中一个边界在载体材料(5a)的一侧上,一个边界在载体材料(5b)的另一侧上。
为了连接第一载体材料和第二载体材料,将载体材料的不同部分以对接方式或在彼此之上放置在一起(参见图1和2a/b),并彼此连接以形成连续的材料。载体材料的两个部分之间的这种连接形成了连接区域,该连接区域包括连接区域的第一部分和第二部分,该连接区域具有更高的材料厚度和/或具有不同于其余载体材料的密度的连接区域。此外,可以在两个部分之间添加粘合材料,即胶带或织物接缝(textile seam),这也引起不同的局部性质。对于许多应用,例如沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物,连接区域的厚度和其他性质的这种变化是不希望的。
由于考虑到其余载体材料,连接区域具有不同的性质,因此连接区域将在最终产品中引起不同的性质,必须从最终产品例如沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物中切除这些性质。这导致了额外的废物,必须将其回收或专业处置,这也将导致额外的成本。
此外,具有不同性质的连接区域会中断使用载体材料的生产过程。
WO 82/02412A1公开了一种接缝非织造织物,其由至少两个热塑性非织造织物条组成,其中条的边缘被热收缩并且随后被压在一起。由于没有去除熔融收缩的材料,因此增加了接缝处各边缘部分的材料密度。另外,通过熔融装置并熔融和收缩的边缘部分必须立即彼此接触被压紧以进行接缝。
US 2005/0013961 A1公开了一种柔性织物结构,其包括多个柔性织物部分,所述多个柔性织物部分包括多个交替的纤维取向的层。每个织物部分的层彼此偏移。每个层的纤维在每个层中仅具有一个取向,使得如果将力施加到织物部分或层上,则每个层的稳定性有限。
本发明的目的是提供一种载体材料,其可以克服或至少减少现有技术的缺点。
本发明的目的通过提供一种载体材料来解决,该载体材料包括至少第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层,其中第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层是非织造热塑性纤维层,其特征在于在载体材料的至少一个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分被去除,以提供形状配合连接(form-fit connection)的第一部分。
在本发明的范围内,术语“热塑性纤维层”必须被理解为纤维层,其中纤维包括热塑性聚合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,纤维包括至少50重量%,优选至少60重量%,更优选至少70重量%,甚至更优选至少80重量%,甚至更优选至少90重量%,甚至更优选至少95重量%,最优选至少97重量%的热塑性聚合物,考虑到热塑性纤维层中所有纤维的重量。
此外,术语“非织造布”必须按照欧洲一次性和非织造布协会(EDANA)的定义进行理解:“非织造布是指任何性质或来源的纤维,连续长丝或短切纱线的薄片,除织造或编织外,其可用任何方法制成网,并用任何方法粘结在一起。通过湿磨获得的毡不是非织造布。”因此,众所周知,非织造布中的纤维,连续长丝或短切纱线是无规铺设的,并且不遵循任何特定的取向。
不受理论的束缚,据信通过使用根据EDANA定义的非织造布,非织造布可以提高抵抗沿任何方向施加在非织造布上的外力的稳定性。
载体材料具有长度,宽度和厚度。该长度沿纵向定向,并且是载体材料的最大尺寸。宽度沿横向定向,并且是载体材料的第二大尺寸。最后,载体材料具有垂直于长度和宽度的厚度,并且厚度是载体材料的第三大尺寸。
通过具有长度,宽度和厚度,载体材料还具有第一主表面和第二主表面。主表面在长度和宽度的平面中定向,并且主表面彼此平行并且彼此间通过载体材料的厚度隔开。
载体材料包括第一和第二热塑性纤维层。然而,在第一实施方案中,载体材料的第一和第二热塑性纤维层由单个(起始)热塑性纤维层形成。
通过在载体材料的至少一个边界处去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,形成形状配合连接的第一部分。形状配合连接的该第一部分可以连接到在第二载体材料中形成的形状配合连接的第二部分,像拼图部分。由于这种形状配合连接,可以减小厚度变化(由于避免在连接区域中双第一和/或第二纤维层),并且产生了一种压配合。由于这种压配合,第一载体材料和第二载体材料(例如)通过如压延,机械针刺,水力缠结,超声粘合,热粘合(优选通过热空气)或其任何组合等固结技术进行永久连接更容易(固结期间不同层不会打滑)和/或获得更牢固的连接。
为了形成形状配合连接的该第一部分,可以采用两种方法:第一种方法是在载体材料的至少一个边界处通过研磨,像使用磨料或类似研磨机的技术如刮削的方法,去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分。第二种方法将包括通过在平面上切割进入载体材料的分离步骤,从而将一部分载体材料分离成上部和下部。随后,切掉上部或下部以去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,从而形成形状配合连接的第一部分。通过形成形状配合连接的第一部分的这些方法,载体材料在其至少一个边界处减小了厚度。优选地,厚度减小到原始厚度的大约一半。
由此,通过在载体材料的至少一个边界处去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,第一热塑性纤维层的一部分和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分从载体材料中去除,使得保持第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的其余部分的密度,即不增加密度。这样的效果是,即使在形状配合连接的第一部分的区域中,载体材料也保持被任何合适的材料例如沥青或增塑溶胶均匀地浸渍的能力。
载体材料的另一个优点是,通过在载体材料的至少一个边界处去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,可以运输或长时间储存本发明的载体材料,而不会丢失任何物理性质,例如强度或附着到具有形状配合连接的第二部分的第二载体材料的能力,以及被任何合适的材料(例如沥青或增塑溶胶)浸渍的能力。
在第二实施方案中,载体材料包括独立的第一和第二热塑性纤维层。这意味着将第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层平行地平面放置在一起以形成载体材料。
同样在该实施方案中,存在两种方法来去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分。第一种方法包括分离步骤,以将载体材料的一部分在其至少一个边界处分离为上部和下部,然后切下载体材料的上部或下部以去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,以获得形状配合连接的第一部分。因此,不必在最初独立的第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层之间进行分离。第二种方法包括研磨,像使用磨料或类似研磨机的技术如刮削的方法,以去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分以获得形状配合连接的第一部分。
在本发明的范围内,术语“连接”(connecting)或“连接”(connection)必须被理解为在两种载体材料之间建立连接的连接或过程,其中使用至少一种粘合技术。这种粘合技术可以是化学粘合,例如通过液体粘合剂或粘合带(也是紫外线可活化的粘合带)的胶粘,通过加热(例如通过热空气、微波辐射或压延)的熔融粘合,以及机械粘合例如针刺或缝合或水力缠结。
在一个优选的实施方案中,在载体材料的至少两个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。这使得载体材料具有形状配合连接的两个第一部分,因此,该载体材料可以连接到第二载体材料和第三载体材料,使得形成连接区域,与其余载体材料相比,其厚度和/或密度没有变化或至少较小变化。该概念对于载体材料也是正确的,其中在载体材料的两个以上边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。
优选地,去除载体材料的相对边界的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分。因此,载体材料包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分。
在载体材料的相对边界上包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分的效果是,载体材料能够在第一边界处连接到第二载体材料,并且在第二边界处能够连接到第三载体材料。因此,形成的连接区域与其余载体材料相比在厚度和/或密度上没有变化或至少较小变化。第二和第三载体材料也可以包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分。这也使得第二和第三载体材料能够连接至其他载体材料,与其余载体材料相比,其厚度和/或密度没有变化,或者至少较小变化。因此,例如沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物的连续制造过程可以无休止地运行。
甚至更优选地,去除载体材料的开头和终端的边界的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分。因此,载体材料包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分,一个在载体材料的开头处,一个在载体材料的终端处。
包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分,一个在载体材料的开头处,一个在载体材料的终端处,其效果是,载体材料能够在载体材料的开头处连接到第二载体材料并且在载体材料的终端处连接到第三载体材料,使得形成的连接区域与其余载体材料相比在厚度和/或密度上没有变化,或者至少较小变化。第二和第三载体材料也可以在其开头和终端处包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分。这也使得第二和第三载体材料能够连接至其他载体材料,与其余载体材料相比,其厚度和/或密度没有变化,或者至少较小变化。因此,例如沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物的连续制造过程会使这些连接的载体材料无休止地运行(见图11)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,去除在载体材料的横向上的边界的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分。因此,载体材料包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分,一个在载体材料的横向的一侧上,一个在载体材料的横向的另一侧上。
包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分,一个在载体材料的横向的一侧上,一个在载体材料的横向的另一侧上,其效果是载体材料能够在载体材料的横向的一侧上连接到第二载体材料并且在载体材料的横向的另一侧上连接到第三载体材料,使得形成的连接区域与其余载体材料相比在厚度和/或密度上没有变化或者至少较小变化。第二载体材料和第三载体材料还可在横向上的其一侧和另一侧处包括形状配合连接的两个第一部分。这也使得第二和第三载体材料能够连接至其他载体材料,与其余载体材料相比,其厚度和/或密度没有变化或至少较小变化。因此,例如沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物的连续制造过程会使这些连接的载体材料无休止地运行(见图12),或者可以形成更宽的载体材料。
优选地,为了通过研磨方法去除第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分厚度,使用刮削装置。
在一个优选的实施方案中,第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层包括相同类型的热塑性纤维。
在本发明的范围内,应理解,术语纤维是指短纤维和长丝。短纤维是具有在2至200mm范围内的规定较短长度的纤维。长丝是长度大于200mm,优选大于500mm,更优选大于1000mm的纤维。长丝甚至可能实际上是无尽的,例如当通过将长丝通过喷丝头中的纺丝孔连续挤出和纺丝而形成时。
纤维可以具有任何横截面形状,包括圆形,三叶形,多叶形或矩形,后者表现出宽度和高度,其中宽度可以明显大于高度,因此该实施方案中的纤维为带。此外,所述纤维可以是单组分,双组分或甚至多组分的纤维。
在一个优选的实施方案中,连接区域的第一部分的厚度为其余载体材料的厚度的0%至90%,优选为20%至80%,更优选为35%至70%,最优选为50%至60%,其中第一热塑性纤维层和/第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。
与其余载体材料相比,在连接区域的第一部分中具有减小的厚度导致在连接区域中的厚度和/或密度没有变化,或者至少较小变化。为了实现几乎完美的结果,在连接区域的第一部分的至少一个边界处的形状配合连接包括减小的厚度,该减小的厚度为载体材料的厚度的约50%。
现有技术的缺点之一是,当两种载体材料在顶部放置/连接在一起时(例如,参见图1和2a/b),载体材料在连接区域中的厚度增加。
优选地,第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的长度和/或宽度相差至少0.5cm,优选至少1.0cm,更优选至少2.0cm。
相对于例如通过将两个载体材料对接铺设/连接的现有技术,通过第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的长度和/或宽度的差异,增加了连接区域的接触面积。接触面积是第一载体材料和第二载体材料在连接区域中接触的面积。由于连接区域的增加的接触面积,与第二载体材料的可能的形状配合连接使得能够建立具有增加的连接强度的连接。
在一个优选的实施方案中,载体材料的至少一个边界包括至少两个区域,其中所述区域包括连接区域的第一部分的不同厚度和/或第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的不同的宽度和/或长度。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,在载体材料中包括具有经线和/或纬线的稀松布(scrim)。
优选地,稀松布是编织的稀松布或铺成稀松布(laid scrim)。稀松布能够提高拉伸强度,从而改善尺寸稳定性,即通过减小施加在载体材料上的特定载荷下的伸长率,和/或改善载体材料的撕裂强度。关于使用稀松布的优点,申请人进一步参考WO 2015/055619A1。
因此,稀松布可以位于第一和第二热塑性纤维层之间或在第一或第二热塑性纤维层中,例如在载体材料的厚度的50%处。
如果稀松布位于第一和第二热塑性纤维层之间,则稀松布可以具有将第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层的纤维保持在其原始热塑性纤维层中的能力,使得第一热塑性纤维层的纤维不与第二热塑性纤维层的纤维缠结,反之亦然。
为了获得厚度可与其余载体材料相当的连接区域,有利的是,去除第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,其占在连接区域中的载体材料的厚度的约50%。因此,为了不损坏包含在载体材料中的稀松布,有利的是,稀松布不位于载体材料的厚度的50%处,优选稀松布位于载体材料厚度的20%,更优选30%,甚至更优选40%,最优选45%处。
如果稀松布位于载体材料的厚度的50%附近(例如40%或45%),则如果将第二载体材料在连接区域中连接到该载体材料上,稀松布将紧邻第二载体材料的稀松布。当使用粘合剂将具有形状配合连接的第一部分的载体材料与具有形状配合连接的相应部分的第二载体材料连接时,由于该载体材料与第二载体材料的稀松布在连接区域中相互靠近,因此需要少量的粘合剂以确保稀松布之间的粘合。通过使用较少的粘合剂,载体材料的浸渍,例如在制造沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物时,得到了改善,并且将防止或至少减少产品(例如,沥青屋顶膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物)的报废。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,稀松布的经线和/或纬线包括高模量纤维,其拉伸模量为至少5GPa,优选至少10GPa,更优选至少15GPa,甚至更优选至少20GPa,甚至更优选至少25GPa,甚至更优选至少40GPa,甚至更优选至少50GPa,最优选至少75GPa。
在一个实施方案中,在载体材料的纵向上延伸的稀松布的经线包括高模量纱线,例如聚酯纱线,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纱线,聚酰胺纱线,例如聚酰胺6(PA6))纱线,玻璃纱线,芳纶纱线或碳纱线和/或其他高模量纱线或其任何组合。
在另一个实施方案中,稀松布由玻璃经线和/或纬线制成。
在一个优选的实施方案中,使用具有以下规格的玻璃稀松布:
·每25cm 33条经线,每25cm 21条纬线
经线包括:
·34tex的纤度
·110-130N/5cm的强度
·2.8-3.7%的断裂伸长率
纬线包括:
·34tex的纤度
·68-80N/5cm的强度
·2.5-3.0%的断裂伸长率
布置在第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层中或之间的稀松布可以已经布置在载体材料的厚度的中心线处。通过使连接区域的第一部分的厚度大于其余载体材料的50%,并且优选地占其余载体材料的至多85%,优选地至多75%,甚至更优选地至多60%,减少了稀松布损坏的风险,从而改善了载体材料的尺寸稳定性。此外,由于该载体材料中的稀松布和第二载体材料中的稀松布之间的短距离,它们通过形状配合连接而连接在一起,从而能够改善在连接区域中的载荷传递。
现有技术的载体材料可包括位于载体材料的厚度的中心线处的稀松布。当通过将第一载体材料放置在第二载体材料的顶部上来进行第一载体材料和第二载体材料之间的连接时(参见图1和2a/b),包含在第一载体材料中的稀松布与包含在第二载体材料中的稀松布之间的距离等于第一载体材料或第二载体材料的总厚度。这种现有技术的载体材料的第一载体材料和第二载体材料可以通过在第一载体材料和第二载体材料之间的连接区域处施加胶带并且通过在连接区域处施加热和/或压力以允许粘合剂流入载体材料的纤维和稀松布之间的空隙来彼此连接。然而,为了在这种现有技术的载体材料中获得足够的尺寸稳定性,必须施加相对大量的粘合剂以在两个稀松布之间建立足够牢固的连接,该粘合剂在施加热量和/或压力之后在连接区域的整个厚度上分布。结果,连接区域不能被例如沥青或PVC增塑溶胶所浸渍,这在例如沥青膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物的制造过程中导致丢弃的材料,因为连接区域在沥青膜,簇绒地毯和/或乙烯基地板覆盖物中将可见。
在一个优选的实施方案中,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层包括至少一种类型的单组分纤维或双组分纤维。
在一个实施方案中,载体材料的第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层包括至少两种单组分纤维。在一个实施方案中,使用不同类型的单组分纤维,其中至少两种不同类型的单组分纤维优选由具有不同熔点的不同化学结构的聚合物组成。优选至少两种不同聚合物的熔点相差至少10℃,优选至少20℃,更优选熔点相差至少50℃。通过使连接区域中的载体材料的纤维经受具有较低熔点的聚合物的熔点范围内的温度,可以优选地通过热空气使这种产物热粘合。通过热粘合,不需要用于将该载体材料连接至第二载体材料的附加粘合剂,因此,载体材料的连接区域的性质与其余载体材料的性质相同或至少相似。
在一个实施方案中,至少两个热塑性纤维层包括由两种具有不同熔点的化学结构不同的聚合物组成的双组分纤维。
双组分纤维优选是由具有不同化学结构的两种聚合物组成的纤维。在三种类型的双组分纤维之间有一个基本的区别:并列型,芯鞘型和海岛型双组分纤维。在一个实施方案中,构成双组分纤维的两种聚合物的熔点相差至少10℃,优选至少20℃,更优选至少50℃。这种包含双组分纤维的载体材料,特别是当由并排型,海岛型和/或芯鞘型双组分纤维组成时,可以热粘合,优选通过热空气粘合,通过使连接区域中的载体材料的纤维经受具有较低熔点的聚合物的熔点范围内的温度。通过热粘合,不需要用于将该载体材料连接至第二载体材料的附加粘合剂,因此,载体材料的连接区域的性质与其余载体材料的性质相同或至少相似。
在一个优选的实施方案中,载体材料在第一和第二热塑性纤维层中主要由芯鞘型双组分纤维制成,优选地长丝。主要理解为是指包含在热塑性纤维层中的纤维的至少50%是芯鞘型双组分纤维,优选至少75%,更优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少95%,最优选100%。
优选地,芯/鞘双组分纤维中的芯/鞘比在95/5体积%至5/95体积%之间。更优选地,芯/鞘比在50/50体积%至95/5体积%之间。
在一个实施方案中,双组分纤维的鞘包括一组聚合物中的聚合物,该组聚合物包括聚酰胺,聚烯烃,卤化聚烯烃,聚酯,聚醚,聚酰亚胺,聚硫化物以及它们的共聚物或混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,双组分纤维的芯包含一组聚合物中的聚合物,该组聚合物包括聚烯烃,卤化聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚酯,聚醚,聚酰亚胺,聚硫化物以及它们的共聚物或混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,例如对于沥青膜,簇绒地毯或乙烯基地板,芯/鞘双组分纤维的鞘主要由聚酰胺,优选聚酰胺6(PA6)组成,并且芯主要由聚酯,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组成。
在另一个实施方案中,例如对于簇绒地毯或过滤介质,芯/鞘双组分纤维的鞘主要由聚烯烃,优选聚丙烯组成,并且芯主要由聚酯,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组成。
在另一个实施方案中,例如对于沥青膜,簇绒地毯,乙烯基地板或过滤介质,芯/鞘双组分纤维的鞘主要由聚酯,优选共聚酯(co-PET)组成,并且芯主要由聚酯,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组成。
在一个优选的实施方案中,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层是纤维的非织造布层和/或挤出缠结长丝的三维垫。
载体材料可以包括任何类型的非织造布,例如通过众所周知的方法例如梳理法,湿法成网法或气流成网法或其任意组合生产的短纤维非织造布。载体材料还可以包括由通过众所周知的纺粘工艺生产的长丝组成的非织造布,其中将长丝从喷丝头挤出,然后以长丝网的形式铺在传送带上,然后将网粘合以形成纤维的非织造布层,或采用两步法,其中将长丝纺成并缠绕在筒管上,最好是复丝形式,然后是展开复丝的步骤,将长丝以长丝网的形式铺在输送带上,并粘合该网形成纤维的非织造载体材料。
优选地,载体材料的至少第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层中的纤维是长丝,以便为载体材料和/或最终(浸渍的)产品提供更高的拉伸强度和/或更高的撕裂强度,例如沥青屋顶膜,屋顶衬垫板,过滤介质的载体,簇绒地毯或(垫)乙烯基地板覆盖物。
载体材料的至少第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层可以由热塑性纤维构成,其占载体材料中纤维总重量的至少50重量%,优选至少75重量%,更优选至少90重量%,甚至优选至少95重量%。在至少第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层中增加热塑性纤维的量提高了拉伸强度和/或抗撕裂性,并降低了载体材料和/或最终(浸渍的)产品的柔韧性。
在一个实施方案中,载体材料的至少第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层由载体材料的总重量的100重量%的热塑性纤维组成。
可以由热塑性聚合物制成的在至少第一和/或第二热塑性纤维层中的热塑性纤维可以由任何类型的能够承受升高的温度的热塑性聚合物组成,所述升高的温度例如为在沥青屋顶膜,屋顶衬垫板,过滤介质的载体,簇绒地毯和(垫)乙烯基地板覆盖物的制造过程中遇到的温度。热塑性纤维可以包括聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP),卤化聚烯烃,例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF),聚酯,例如对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)(基于DMT或PTA),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和/或聚乳酸(PLA),聚酰胺(例如聚酰胺6(PA6),聚酰胺-6,6(PA6,6)和/或聚酰胺6,10(PA6,10),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚硫化物(PS),例如聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和/或聚甲醛(POM)和/或其任何共聚物或共混物。
在一个实施方案中,可通过提供长丝并通过允许长丝弯曲并彼此接触,优选地处于熔融状态而将长丝收集到三维结构中来提供挤出的缠结长丝的三维垫。
长丝的弯曲例如可以通过将长丝收集到水浴中来引发。US 5,639,543 A公开了这种缠结的挤出长丝的三维无序毡的例子。长丝的弯曲是随机的,并且不会导致形成特定形状的阵列。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,挤出缠结长丝的三维垫的长丝在它们的交叉点处热粘合,从而形成三维形状的挤出长丝的缠结结构。最优选地,当挤出缠绕长丝的三维垫的长丝收集在成型表面上时,它们仍处于熔融状态,以在它们的交叉点处形成部分互穿的熔体结合。通过使互穿的长丝在成型表面上固结,形成挤出缠结长丝的三维垫,该垫被固结,因此具有高空隙体积。
优选地,收集长丝的表面被成形,使得长丝的三维结构垫成形为三维形式,该三维形式包括丘陵和山谷,半球,正和/或负尖头,杯和/或华夫饼,金字塔形,U形槽,V形槽,圆锥和/或被半球封盖的圆柱体。
挤出缠结长丝的三维垫的空隙体积可以为至少50体积%,优选至少75体积%,更优选至少85体积%,甚至更优选至少90体积%,最优选至少95体积%。
优选地,根据ISO 9864:2014确定的挤出缠结长丝的三维结构垫的厚度在5至100mm的范围内,优选地在5至50mm的范围内。
挤压缠结长丝的三维结构垫中的挤压缠结长丝的直径可以广泛地变化。优选地,挤出缠结长丝的三维结构垫中的挤出缠结长丝具有在100μm至2000μm的范围内,更优选在200μm至1500μm的范围内,甚至更优选300μm至1100μm的范围内,最优选在500μm至900μm的范围内的平均直径,用Mitutoyo测微计测得,圆形接触表面的直径为6.35mm,施加的载荷为5N。
至少第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的挤出缠结长丝的三维垫的挤出缠结长丝可以由任何合适的热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的混合物构成。挤出缠结长丝可以包括聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP),卤化聚烯烃,例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF),聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)(基于DMT或PTA),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和/或聚乳酸(PLA),聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺6(PA6),聚酰胺-6,6(PA6,6)和/或聚酰胺-6,10(PA6,10),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚硫化物(PS),例如聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)(polyethyleneimide),聚甲醛(POM),热塑性弹性体(TPE),例如热塑性聚氨酯(TPU),和/或它们的任何共聚物或任何混合物。
优选地,根据制造方法制造的载体材料还可以包括上述实施方案的性质。
本发明的目的还通过一种制造载体材料的方法来解决,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.提供包括至少第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的载体材料,
b.去除在载体材料的至少一个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,以及
c.任选地,将载体材料卷起来。
在该方法的一个优选实施方案中,步骤b的去除是通过刮削或分裂和切割来进行的。第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分的去除可以用Fortuna GmbH的削片机进行。
在该方法的另一优选实施方案中,执行第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分的去除,使得连接的第一部分的厚度为其余载体材料的厚度的0%至90%,优选为20%至80%,更优选为35%至70%,最优选为50%至60%。
优选地,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的长度和/或宽度相差至少0.5cm,优选地至少1.0cm,更优选地至少2.0cm。
在该方法的一个优选实施方案中,载体材料包括稀松布,该稀松布优选地位于第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层之间。
在该方法的另一优选实施方案中,稀松布包括经线和/或纬线,其中稀松布优选是编织的稀松布或铺成稀松布。
在该方法的另一个优选实施方案中,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层是纤维的非织造布层和/或挤出缠结长丝的三维垫。
载体材料及其上述实施方案可以以其有利的性质用于不同的应用中。优选地,载体材料用于沥青屋顶膜,屋顶衬垫板,过滤介质的载体,簇绒地毯的主背衬和(垫)乙烯基地板覆盖物。
通过附图进一步描述本发明。
附图简要说明:
图1和图2(a+b)示意性地示出了现有技术的载体材料的两个部分的组合。
图3示意性地示出了载体材料的侧视图。
图4至图8示意性地示出了载体材料的不同实施方案的侧视图。
图9示意性地示出了第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的分裂步骤。
图10示出了载体材料的俯视图。
图11/12示出了连接到第二和第三载体材料的载体材料的示意图的透视图。
图13示出了载体材料的侧视图。
在图1中,示意性地示出了所连接的载体材料1的第一部分A和所连接的载体材料1的第二部分B的连接(现有技术)。第一部分A具有第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2。第二部分B也具有第一热塑性纤维层B1和第二热塑性纤维层B2。为了在连接区域3中连接第一部分A和第二部分B,将第一部分A放置在第二部分B的顶部。在连接区域3中布置了四个热塑性纤维层。因此,所连接的载体材料1的厚度和重量在连接区域3中增加。
在图2A和2B中,示出了现有技术的替代实施方案。载体材料1包括具有单个热塑性纤维层的第一部分A和具有单个热塑性纤维层的第二部分B。将部分A放置在部分B的顶部,然后将部分A,B永久固结在一起,例如通过使用热线或超声粘合/切割步骤将部分A和部分B同时切割并固结在一起。此后,部分A和部分B被折叠打开,从而它们在连接区域3中被连接。同样,在该实施方案中,载体材料1的厚度(和重量)在连接区域3中增加。此外,连接区域的载体材料的强度比其余部分的载体材料要低。
图3示出了包括第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2的载体材料1的侧视图。第一部分A的第一热塑性纤维层A1的长度与第二热塑性纤维层A2不同。由此,载体材料1形成形状配合连接的第一部分。
图4示出了在载体材料1中具有多于两个热塑性纤维层的本公开的实施方案。载体材料1包括第一热塑性纤维层A1,第二热塑性纤维层A2和第三热塑性纤维层A3。第一热塑性纤维层A1的长度不同于第二和第三热塑性纤维层A2,A3的长度。载体材料1也形成形状配合连接的第一部分,因此,本发明也适用于在一个部分中包括多于两个热塑性纤维层的载体材料。应当理解,层A1,A2,A3中的一层或多层可以由纤维以外的其他材料(例如箔)制成。
图5示出了具有角β的倾斜层边界的载体材料的侧视图。具有倾斜层边界的载体材料1也形成形状配合连接的第一部分。
图6示出了包括四个热塑性纤维层(A1-A4)的载体材料1的侧视图。第一热塑性纤维层A1具有与第二热塑性纤维层A2不同的长度。随后,第二热塑性纤维层A2具有与第三热塑性纤维层A3不同的长度以及第三热塑性纤维层A3具有与第四热塑性纤维层A4不同的长度。热塑性纤维层之间的长度差是交替的,从而获得拉链状的形式。因此,偶数编号的层A2和A4和/或非偶数编号的热塑性纤维层A1和A3不需要一定相同的长度。因此,载体材料1也形成形状配合连接的第一部分。
图7示出了具有三个热塑性纤维层(A1-A3)的载体材料的侧视图。第一热塑性纤维层A1具有与第二热塑性纤维层A2不同的长度。随后,第二热塑性纤维层A2具有与第三热塑性纤维层A3不同的长度。热塑性纤维层之间的长度差是交替的,从而获得拉链状的形式。因此,非偶数编号的层A1和A3不需要一定相同的长度。因此,载体材料1也形成形状配合连接的第一部分。
图8示出了具有两个热塑性纤维层(A1,A2)的载体材料的示意性透视图。在区域X1中,第一热塑性纤维层A1的长度不同于第二热塑性纤维层的长度,其中在X1,2区域中,第一热塑性纤维层A1的长度等于第二热塑性纤维层A2的长度。因此,在区域X1和X1,2中的第一热塑性纤维层的长度等于在区域X1,2中的第二热塑性纤维层的长度,并且与在区域X1中的第二热塑性纤维层的长度不同。载体材料的该实施方案也形成形状配合连接的第一部分。区域X1中的第二热塑性纤维层可比区域X1和X1,2中的第一热塑性纤维层以及区域X1,2中的第二热塑性纤维层长(如图所示),但也可设想相反的情况(类似于形状配合连接的第一部分的负(negative)形式,未显示)。
图9示意性地示出了分裂过程。载体材料1包括第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2。分裂装置5将第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2部分地彼此分开,以形成源自第一热塑性纤维层A1的上部和源自第二热塑性纤维层A2的下部,并且优选通过切割去除上部或下部。在未示出的实施方案中,上部可以仅包括原始第一热塑性纤维层A1的一部分,或者上部层包括第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的一部分,因此下部可以仅包括原始第二热塑性纤维层A1的一部分或下部包括第二热塑性纤维层和第一热塑性纤维层的一部分。由此,载体材料1的第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2形成形状配合连接的第一部分(如图4至图7)。分裂装置5是分裂机的一部分。例如,Fortuna GmbH公司出售这种分裂机。然后包括分裂和切割的其他方法,以实现形配合连接的所述第一部分(如拼图部分)。
图10示出了具有四个边界(4a/b,5a/b)的载体材料1的俯视图。载体材料1的第一边界是载体材料1在纵向MD上的开头4a。载体材料1的第二边界是载体材料1在纵向MD上的终端4b。此外,载体材料包括在载体材料1的横向CMD的一侧上的第三边界5a和在载体材料1的横向CMD的另一侧上的第四边界5b。
图11示出了载体材料1,其在其开头4a处沿纵向MD连接到第二载体材料1a。在连接区域6a建立连接。此外,载体材料1还在其终端4b处沿纵向MD连接到第三载体材料1b,其中在连接区域6b中建立了连接。
图12示出了载体材料1,该载体材料1在其一侧5a上沿横向MD连接到第二载体材料1a。在连接区域7a建立连接。此外,载体材料1还在其另一侧5b上沿横向CMD连接到第三载体材料1b,其中在连接区域7b中建立了连接。
图13示出了包括第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2的复合材料1的侧视图,其中稀松布8布置在第一热塑性纤维层A1和第二热塑性纤维层A2之间。

Claims (15)

1.一种载体材料,其包括至少第一热塑性纤维层(A1)和第二热塑性纤维层(A2),其中第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层是非织造热塑性纤维层,其特征在于,在载体材料的至少一个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分被去除,以提供形状配合连接的第一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的载体材料,其特征在于,在载体材料的至少两个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的载体材料,其特征在于,在载体材料的相对边界的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的载体材料,其特征在于,连接区域的第一部分的厚度为其余载体材料的厚度的0%至90%,优选20%至80%,更优选35%至70%,最优选50%至60%,其中第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的一部分被去除。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的载体材料,其特征在于,第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的长度和/或宽度相差至少0.5cm,优选至少1.0cm,优选至少2.0cm。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的载体材料,其特征在于,在所述载体材料中包括具有经线和/或纬线的稀松布。
7.根据权利要求6所述的载体材料,其特征在于,稀松布的经线和/或纬线包括高模量纤维,所述高模量纤维具有至少5GPa,优选至少10GPa,更优选至少15GPa,甚至更优选至少20GPa,甚至更优选至少25GPa,甚至更优选至少40GPa,甚至更优选至少50GPa,最优选至少75GPa的拉伸模量。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的载体材料,其特征在于,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层包括至少一种类型的单组分纤维或双组分纤维。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的载体材料,其特征在于,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层是纤维的非织造布层和/或挤出缠结长丝的三维垫。
10.一种制造载体材料的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a.提供包括至少第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的载体材料,
b.去除在载体材料的至少一个边界处的第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分,和
c.任选地,将载体材料卷起来。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,通过刮削或通过分裂和切割来进行步骤b的去除。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于,执行第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层的至少一部分的去除,以使连接的第一部分的厚度为其余载体材料的厚度的0%至90%,优选20%至80%,更优选35%至70%,最优选50%至60%。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,第一热塑性纤维层和第二热塑性纤维层的长度和/或宽度相差至少0.5cm,优选至少1.0cm,更优选至少2.0cm。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述载体材料包括稀松布,其中所述稀松布优选地位于第一热塑性纤维层与第二热塑性纤维层之间。
15.根据权利要求10至14中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,第一热塑性纤维层和/或第二热塑性纤维层是纤维的非织造布层和/或挤出缠结长丝的三维垫。
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