CN107406616A - 可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物和硅橡胶海绵 - Google Patents
可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物和硅橡胶海绵 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107406616A CN107406616A CN201680008462.5A CN201680008462A CN107406616A CN 107406616 A CN107406616 A CN 107406616A CN 201680008462 A CN201680008462 A CN 201680008462A CN 107406616 A CN107406616 A CN 107406616A
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Abstract
本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物包含(A)每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团的聚有机硅氧烷,(B)每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的聚有机硅氧烷,(C)水,(D)增稠剂,(E)乳化剂,(F)碱金属的含卤素离子导体,以及(G)硅氢加成反应催化剂。可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物可形成具有均匀和细小的气泡并且具有小的由于二次硫化后的收缩引起的畸变的硅橡胶海绵。
Description
本发明涉及可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物以及通过硅氢加成反应使该组合物交联得到的硅橡胶海绵。
背景技术
由于具有优异的耐热性和耐候性、重量轻且导热性低,所以硅橡胶海绵用于各种密封材料诸如填料、垫圈和O型环;诸如复印机和打印机的图像形成装置的辊和带;以及机动车部件诸如罩子缓冲垫和发动机防振材料。
已经提出的用于形成此类硅橡胶海绵的硅橡胶组合物包括:用于硅橡胶的乳液组合物,其包含每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团的聚二有机硅氧烷、每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的聚有机硅氧烷、含水绿土粘土、乳化剂和铂系催化剂(参见专利文献1);可形成硅橡胶海绵的组合物,其包含每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团的液体聚有机硅氧烷、每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的液体聚有机氢硅氧烷、表面活性剂、加成反应催化剂、增强二氧化硅细粉和水(参见专利文献2);以及可形成海绵的液体硅橡胶组合物,其包含分子两端均用烯基基团封端的并且在侧分子链中不含烯基基团的聚二有机硅氧烷、在侧分子链中具有至少两个烯基基团的聚二有机硅氧烷、每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的聚有机硅氧烷、水和无机增稠剂的混合物、乳化剂、硅氢加成反应催化剂和固化缓凝剂(参见专利文献3)。可通过使均匀乳化状态的此类硅橡胶组合物固化并然后从所获得的硅橡胶中除去水来形成硅橡胶海绵。
然而,以这种方式获得的硅橡胶海绵具有海绵气泡的细度和均匀性不足以及由于用于除去水的二次硫化之后的不均匀收缩而导致的畸变大的问题。
另一方面,混合锂盐是用于赋予硅橡胶抗静电能力的已知方法(参见专利文献4和5)。
然而,锂盐用于赋予抗静电能力但不降低橡胶性能和压缩永久变形,并且不是用于改善硅橡胶的压缩永久变形。具体地讲,减少由于在硅橡胶海绵的二次硫化后的收缩引起的畸变不是已知的。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2004-346248A
专利文献2:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2005-062534A
专利文献3:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2008-214625A
专利文献4:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2006-265340A
专利文献5:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2011-201951A
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种形成具有均匀和细小的气泡,并且具有小的由于二次硫化后的收缩引起的畸变的硅橡胶海绵的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,以及此类硅橡胶海绵。
问题的解决方案
本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物包含:
(A)100质量份的每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团的聚有机硅氧烷;
(B)每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的聚有机硅氧烷,所述聚有机硅氧烷的量使得以组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基基团计,组分(B)中硅键合的氢原子为0.4至20摩尔;
(C)20至500质量份的水;
(D)增稠剂,所述增稠剂的量以每100质量份组分(C)计为0.01至15质量份。
(E)0.1至15质量份的乳化剂;
(F)0.00001至2.0质量份碱金属的含卤离子导体;以及
(G)硅氢加成反应催化剂,所述硅氢加成反应催化剂的量加速所述组合物的硅氢加成反应。
本发明的硅橡胶海绵通过硅氢加成反应使组合物交联并然后从所获得的硅橡胶中除去水,或者在通过硅氢加成反应使所述组合物交联的同时除去水而获得。
发明效果
本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物形成具有均匀且细小的气泡并且具有小的由于二次硫化后的收缩引起的畸变的硅橡胶海绵。此外,本发明的硅橡胶海绵具有均匀且细小的气泡,并且具有小的由于二次硫化后的收缩引起的畸变。
具体实施方式
首先,将详细描述本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物。
组分(A)的聚有机硅氧烷是本发明组合物的基础化合物,并且每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团。组分(A)中的烯基基团的示例包括具有2至8个碳的烯基基团,诸如乙烯基基团、烯丙基基团、异丙烯基基团、丁烯基基团、异丁烯基基团、戊烯基基团、己烯基基团、庚烯基基团、和辛烯基基团,其中乙烯基是优选的。烯基基团的键合位置可以是分子链末端的硅原子和/或分子链中的硅原子,但不限于此。分子链末端的硅原子是优选的。此外,组分(A)中除了烯基基团以外的硅键合的有机基团的示例包括:具有1至8个碳的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基和辛基;具有5至8个碳的环烷基,如环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基;具有6至12个碳的芳基,如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基和萘基;具有7至12个碳的芳烷基,诸如苄基和苯乙基;以及一价烃基,其中在这些一价烃基中的一部分或全部氢原子被卤素原子如氟或氯取代。优选地是甲基或苯基。
组分(A)的分子结构的示例包括直链、部分支化的直链、支链、环状或树脂状,但不限于此。直链或部分支化的直链是优选的。组分(A)优选为分子两端均用三有机甲硅烷氧基封端的直链聚有机硅氧烷,其中主链由重复的二有机硅氧烷单元组成,其分子结构也可以是部分支链或环状的。
此类组分(A)的示例包括:分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷,分子两端均用二苯基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷,分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基苯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-二苯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二苯基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基苯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基苯基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-二苯基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基乙烯基聚硅氧烷,分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基乙烯基硅氧烷-甲基苯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基乙烯基硅氧烷-二苯基硅氧烷共聚物,以及分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物。具有上述分子结构的两种或更多种聚有机硅氧烷的组合也可用作组分(A)。
组分(A)的粘度没有限制,但是25℃下的粘度优选不小于50mPa·s或不小于100mPa·s且不大于100,000mPa·s。这是因为,如果组分(A)的粘度不小于上述下限并且不大于上述上限,则所得的硅橡胶组合物的乳液稳定,容易得到具有均匀气泡的硅橡胶海绵。注意,该聚有机硅氧烷的25℃下的粘度可通过例如符合JIS K7117-1的B型粘度计来测定。
组分(B)的聚有机硅氧烷是本发明组合物的交联剂,并且每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子。组分(B)中的硅键合的氢原子可键合到分子链末端的硅原子和/或分子链中的硅原子。组分(B)的分子结构的示例包括直链、部分支化的直链、支链、环状或树脂状,但不限于此。直链或部分支化的直链是优选的。作为组分(B),优选直链聚有机硅氧烷。
此类组分(B)的示例包括:分子两端均用二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷,分子两端均用二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基苯基硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基氢硅氧烷共聚物,分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基氢硅氧烷共聚物,由H(CH3)2SiO1/2单元和SiO4/2单元组成的有机聚硅氧烷和由H(CH3)2SiO1/2单元、(CH3)3SiO1/2单元和SiO4/2单元组成的有机聚硅氧烷。
组分(B)的粘度没有限制,但是25℃下的动力粘度优选不小于1mm2/s且不大于1000mm2/s。注意,该聚有机硅氧烷的25℃下的动力粘度可通过例如符合JIS Z8803的Ubbelohde粘度计来测定。
组分(B)的含量为这样的量,该量使得以组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基基团计该组分中的硅键合的氢原子的量为0.4摩尔至20摩尔。优选地,其下限为使得1.0摩尔的量,使得1.5摩尔的量或使得1.8摩尔的量,同时其上限为使得10摩尔的量或使得5.0摩尔的量。这是因为,如果组分(B)的含量在上述范围内,则所得的硅橡胶海绵的压缩永久变形将得到改善。
组分(C)的水用于通过在本发明组合物交联后从硅橡胶中除去而制造多孔的硅橡胶。组分(C)的含量以每100质量份组分(A)计在20至500质量份的范围内。优选地,其下限以每100质量份组分(A)计为30质量份,40质量份或50质量份,而其上限以每100质量份组分(A)计为400质量份,300质量份或200质量份。这是因为当组分(C)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,所得的硅橡胶海绵倾向于是多孔的并且具有均匀的气泡,同时当其不大于上述范围的上限,易于获得硅橡胶海绵。
用于组分(C)的水没有特别限制,但可使用自来水、井水、离子交换水、蒸馏水等。从组分(A)的分散稳定的观点出发,特别优选组分(C)为离子交换水。
用于组分(D)的增稠剂用于使组分(C)的水增稠,使得组分(C)易于分散在组分(A)中,稳定组分(C)在组分(A)中的分散状态,并且使得到的硅橡胶均匀地多孔。此类组分(D)优选为选自无机增稠剂、纤维素纤维、水溶性聚合物、吸水性聚合物、由上述无机增稠剂和上述水溶性聚合物组成的亲水性复合物,以及由上述无机增稠剂和上述吸水性聚合物组成的亲水性复合物中的至少一种类型。
用于组分(D)的无机增稠剂是天然的或合成的无机增稠剂,其示例包括天然和合成绿土粘土,诸如膨润土,其包含粘土矿物的主要成分如膨润土(蒙脱石)、锂蒙脱石、滑石粉、锌蒙脱石、贝得石和绿脱石非石榴。此类绿土粘土可作为水热合成产品Smecton(Kunimine Industries Co.,Ltd.的注册商标)和Lucentite(Co-Op Chemical Co.,Ltd.的注册商标)和天然纯化产物Kunipia(Kunimine Industries Co.,Ltd.的注册商标),Bengel(Hojun Co.,Ltd.的注册商标),Bentone(Elementis PLC的商标)和VEEGUM(VanderbiltMinerals,LLC的商标)获得。这种无机增稠剂优选为膨润土(蒙脱石)、锂蒙脱石或滑石粉,这是因为当分散在水中时粘度大大增加并且乳化剂(E)的含量可降低的事实。从保持硅橡胶海绵的耐热性的观点出发,这些绿土粘土的pH优选在5.0至9.0的范围内。此外,还可使用由此类绿土粘土和吸水性聚合物或水溶性聚合物如聚丙烯酸组成的亲水性复合物等。
用于组分(D)的纤维素纤维是通过化学或物理处理天然或合成纤维素纤维而制成纳米纤维的那些纤维素纤维。从分散性、增稠性等的观点出发,此类纤维素纤维的数均纤维直径优选在2至150nm的范围内,2至100nm的范围内,或2至10nm的范围内。这是因为当其在上述范围内时,纤维素纤维当分散在水中时不容易沉降并且在保持流动性的同时可增稠。
用于组分(D)的纤维素纤维可作为由Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co.,Ltd.制造的纤维素纳米纤维的含水分散体获得(商品名:Rheocrysta C-2SP)。
用于组分(D)的水溶性聚合物的示例包括藻酸、藻酸钠、羧酸钠盐、羧基纤维素钠盐、甲基纤维素、纤维素醚、羟乙基纤维素、改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酸钠盐。
此外,用于组分(D)的吸水性聚合物的示例包括聚丙烯酸盐交联产物和聚氧化烯基吸水性树脂。
组分(D)的含量以每100质量份组分(C)计在0.01至15质量份的范围内,并且优选地,其下限为0.05质量份或0.1质量份,而其上限为10质量份或5质量份。这是因为当组分(D)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,可使组分(C)的水充分增稠,并且当不大于上述范围的上限时,可稳定硅橡胶组合物的乳化。
用于组分(E)的乳化剂用于均匀乳化硅橡胶组合物中的水,并且使所得的硅橡胶均匀地多孔。组分(E)的示例包括阴离子、阳离子、两性和非离子乳化剂,特别是非离子表面活性剂如甘油脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚和聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺;由聚有机硅氧烷组成的非离子表面活性剂,诸如聚硅氧烷-聚氧乙烯接枝共聚物;阳离子表面活性剂,诸如脂族胺盐、季铵盐和烷基吡啶鎓盐;阴离子表面活性剂,诸如高级脂肪酸盐、高级醇硫酸酯盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐和聚乙二醇硫酸酯盐;以及两性表面活性剂诸如羧基甜菜碱类和甘氨酸类表面活性剂。非离子乳化剂是特别优选的,因为它们对通过本发明组合物的硅氢加成反应进行的交联几乎没有影响。
这些乳化剂可作为单一类型或两种或更多种类型的组合使用。乳化剂的HLB值(组合使用两种或更多种类型乳化剂的组合时,其重均HLB值)优选不小于1且不大于10,不小于1.5且小于6,或者不小于3.5且小于6。
组分(E)的含量以每100质量份组分(A)计在0.1至15质量份的范围内,并且优选地,其下限为0.2质量份,而其上限为10重量份,5质量份或3质量份。这是因为,当组分(E)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,组分(C)可均匀地分散在组分(A)中,而另一方面,当其不大于上述范围的上限时,对所得的硅橡胶海绵的机械特性或电特性没有影响。
用于组分(F)的碱金属的含卤离子导体用于减小由于通过使本发明组合物交联获得的硅橡胶海绵进行二次硫化后收缩而引起的畸变。此类组分(F)优选为锂或钠的含卤离子导体,其具体示例包括MBF4、MClO4、MPF6、MAsF6、MSbF6、MSO3CF3、MN(SO2CF3)2、MSO3C4F9、MC(SO2CF3)3、MB(C6H5)4,以及它们的两种或更多种的混合物。注意,在该式中,M是锂(Li)或钠(Na)。
组分(F)的含量以每100质量份组分(A)计在0.00001至1.0质量份的范围内,并且优选地,其下限为0.0001质量份,而其上限为0.5质量份。这是因为当组分(F)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,可减少二次硫化后的畸变,而当不超过上述范围的上限时,可形成具有均匀和细小气泡的硅橡胶海绵,而不会对组分(C)在组分(A)中的分散性产生不利影响。
组分(G)的硅氢加成反应催化剂是用于本发明组合物的硅氢加成反应的催化剂。示例包括铂基催化剂如氯铂酸、酒精改性的氯铂酸、氯铂酸与烯烃的配位化合物、乙烯基硅氧烷和乙炔化合物,以及它们分散在热塑性树脂中的粉末铂基催化剂;钯基催化剂,如四(三苯基膦)钯;以及铑基催化剂如氯三(三苯基膦)铑。优选铂基催化剂。
组分(G)的含量是加速本发明组合物的硅氢加成反应的量,优选为使得组分(G)中的催化金属以组分(A)和(B)的总量计在0.01至500ppm范围内或在0.1至100ppm的范围内的量。
为了调节本发明组合物的交联速度和留釜时间,本发明的组合物还可含有硅氢加成反应抑制剂(H)。组分(H)的示例包括:炔烃醇,诸如3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇、3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇、和1-乙炔基-1-环己醇;烯-炔化合物,诸如3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-炔和3,5-二甲基-3-己烯-1-炔;含有烯基基团的低分子量硅氧烷,诸如四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷和四甲基四己烯基环四硅氧烷;以及含炔烃的硅烷,诸如甲基-三(1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔氧基)硅烷和乙烯基-三(1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔氧基)硅烷。
本发明组合物中组分(H)的含量根据本发明组合物的使用方法和模制方法适当选择而没有限制,但优选相对于100质量份组分(A)在0.001至5质量份的范围内,因为可充分调节本发明组合物的交联速度和留釜时间。
为了提高所得硅橡胶海绵的机械强度,本发明的组合物还可含有增强二氧化硅细粉(I)。组分(I)的示例包括热解法二氧化硅和沉淀二氧化硅。此外,这些二氧化硅细粉末也可用直链聚有机硅氧烷、环状聚有机硅氧烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、各种有机硅烷等进行表面处理。此外,组分(I)的比表面积根据BET吸附法优选为50至350m2/g或80至250m2/g。
组分(I)的含量优选以每100质量份组分(A)计不大于30质量份,不大于20质量份,不大于15质量份或不大于10质量份。这是因为,当组分(I)的含量不大于上述范围的上限时,可提高机械强度,而不会损失所得硅橡胶海绵的均匀性和细度。
为了赋予所得的硅橡胶海绵导电性的目的,本发明的组合物还可含有导电填料。导电填料的示例包括碳基导电剂如碳黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管和石墨;金属粉末如金、银和镍等;导电氧化锌、导电氧化钛和导电氧化铝;通过用导电涂层处理各种填料的表面诸如金属电镀处理而获得的导电填料;以及它们中两种或更多种类型的混合物。这种导电填料优选为炭黑,因为通过加入少量即可获得良好的导电性。具体示例包括乙炔黑、导电炉黑(CF)、超导炉黑(SCF)、导热炉黑(XCF)、导电槽黑(CC)、以及在约1500℃的高温下进行热处理的炉黑或槽黑。该导电性填料的含量没有限制,但由于可获得良好的海绵,因此优选以每100质量份组分(A)计不大于100质量份,或不大于70质量份。
作为其它任选的组分,本发明的组合物还可含有二氧化硅以外的增强填料,诸如热解法氧化钛;非增强填料如石英粉、硅藻土、硅铝酸盐、氧化铁、氧化锌、碳酸钙、氧化铝、氧化钸、云母、粘土和碳酸锌;通过用有机硅化合物如有机硅烷和聚有机硅氧烷对这些填料进行表面处理而得到的填料;以及防腐剂、缓蚀剂、颜料、耐热剂、阻燃剂、内释水剂、增塑剂、酸受体和非官能性硅油,只要不失去本发明的目的。
本发明的组合物可通过根据需要混合组分(A)至(G)和其它任选的组分来制备。为了制备本发明的组合物,可使用均匀混合器、桨式混合机、均匀分散机、胶体磨或真空捏和混合机等已知的捏合装置。用于制备本发明组合物的方法的示例包括将组分(A)、组分(B)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)和组分(F)加入混合器中,搅拌混合规定时间,并且例如使用诸如静态混合器或动态混合器等混合装置在即将使用前将组分(G)混合的方法;将组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)、组分(F)和组分(G)加入混合器中,搅拌混合规定时间,并且例如使用诸如静态混合器或动态混合器等混合装置在即将使用前将组分(B)混合的方法;以及将组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)和组分(F)加入混合器中,搅拌混合规定时间,并且例如使用诸如静态混合器或动态混合器等混合装置在即将使用前将组分(B)和组分(G)混合的方法。
此外,从保存稳定性的观点出发,在制备本发明组合物时,优选将其作为由以下部分组成的三部分可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物存储:
部分A:由组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)、组分(F)和组分(G)组成并且不含组分(B)的组合物;
部分B:由组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)和组分(E)组成并且不含组分(B)和组分(G)的组合物;
部分C:由组分(B)组成并且不含组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)、组分(F)和组分(G)的组合物;或
由以下部分组成的三部分可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物:
部分A’:由组分(A)、组分(G)和必要时组分(E)组成并且不含组分(B)、组分(C)和组分(D)的组合物;
部分B’:由组分(B)和必要时组分(E)组成并且不含组分(C)、组分(D)和组分(G)的组合物;
部分C’:由组分(C)、组分(D)和必要时组分(F)组成并且不含组分(A)、组分(B)和组分(G)的组合物;
并且例如使用诸如静态混合器或动态混合器的混合装置将三部分混合,然后立即进行模制。此外,优选将其作为由以下部分组成的双组分可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物储存:
部分A”:由组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)、组分(F)和组分(G)组成并且不含组分(B)的组合物;
部分B”:由组分(B)组成并且不含组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)、组分(F)和组分(G)的组合物;
并且在例如使用诸如静态混合器或动态混合器的混合装置将两部分混合,然后立即进行模制。
硅橡胶海绵可通过各种方法由本发明的组合物形成。具体地讲,将本发明的组合物均匀地乳化后,将其注入到模具的腔体中用于模制,以及将硅橡胶模制体在含水状态下在压力下在保持低于100℃、优选处于50至90℃的温度时进行模制。然后将其从模具中取出,并且在含水状态下在120至250℃下进行二次硫化以从硅橡胶模制体中去除水分,从而得到具有细小且均匀的气泡的硅橡胶海绵。此外,线丝状硅橡胶海绵可如下产生:将本发明的组合物从喷嘴排放成杆状,并且通过将其引入到例如80至100℃温度的热水中对其进行固化,然后用热空气对经固化产物进行干燥。另外,硅橡胶海绵片材可如下形成:用本发明的组合物涂覆可释放基底诸如树脂膜,并通过加热至例如50至120℃的温度对其进行固化,并通过用热空气干燥除去水,或者通过加热在除去水的同时固化,然后移除可释放基底。作为另外一种选择,硅橡胶海绵涂覆的纺织物可如下形成:用本发明的组合物涂覆合成纤维纺织物或玻璃布,通过加热至例如50至120℃的温度对其进行固化,并通过用热空气干燥除去水,或者通过加热在除去水的同时固化。
现在详细描述本发明的硅橡胶海绵。
本发明的硅橡胶海绵通过硅氢加成反应使上述可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物交联并然后从所获得的硅橡胶中除去水,或者在通过硅氢加成反应使组合物交联的同时除去水而获得。
本发明的硅橡胶海绵作为图像形成装置的固定构件的弹性材料是有用的。在定影辊的情况下,在芯上存在硅橡胶海绵层,但是在这种情况下,可根据辊的类型适当地选择芯的材料和尺寸等。在定影带的情况下,在环形带上存在硅橡胶海绵层,但是在这种情况下,可根据带的类型适当选择环形带的材料和尺寸等。
此外,还可在硅橡胶海绵层的外周上设置氟树脂层或氟橡胶层。在这种情况下,氟树脂层由氟树脂涂层材料或氟树脂管形成,并且涂覆硅橡胶海绵层。氟树脂涂层材料的示例包括聚四氟乙烯树脂(PTFE)胶乳和DAI-EL胶乳(Daikin Industries,Ltd.制造的氟基胶乳)。氟树脂管的示例包括聚四氟乙烯树脂(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物树脂(PFA)、氟乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物树脂(FEP)、聚偏二氟乙烯树脂(PVDF)和聚氟乙烯树脂。
硅橡胶海绵层的厚度不受限制,但是优选在0.05至80mm的范围内或0.1至50mm的范围内,因为有效利用了橡胶弹性。形成在其顶部上的氟树脂或氟橡胶层的厚度优选在5至200μm的范围或10至100μm的范围内。
实施例
将通过实施例更详细地描述本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物和硅橡胶海绵。应注意,在实施例中的粘度是在25℃下的值。此外,实施例中的硅橡胶海绵的特性是如下测量的值。
<粘度>
聚有机硅氧烷的在25℃下的粘度(mPa·s)是由符合JIS K7117-1的B型粘度计测定的值,动力粘度(mm2/s)是由符合JIS Z8803的Ubbelohde粘度计测定的值。
<密度>
密度按照JIS K6268进行测定。
<硬度>
使用JIS K7312中示出的C型试验机(Asker C硬度计),使用符合测试方法的6mm厚的测试件测定硬度。
<拉伸强度,伸长率>
根据JIS K6251测定拉伸强度和伸长率。
<压缩永久变形>
根据JIS K6262,在180℃下25%压缩22小时后测定压缩永久变形。
<收缩率>
测量用于压缩永久变形测量的测试件的中心部分的厚度和端部的厚度,该测试件使用具有29mm的直径和12.8mm的厚度的腔体的模具进行模制,并且将其代入如下公式确定收缩率。
[Math.1]
<制备例1>
二氧化硅母料的制备
将100质量份具有40,000mPa·s的粘度的分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷,50质量份具有400m2/g的BET比表面积的热解法二氧化硅,10质量份六甲基二硅氮烷,0.36质量份四甲基二乙烯基硅氮烷,2质量份水,以及0.26质量份具有20mPa·s的粘度的分子两端均用二甲基羟基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物(乙烯基含量为约10.9质量%)装载在Ross混合器中,在室温下混合至均匀后,在减压下在200℃加热2小时进行捏合,以制备流体二氧化硅母料。
<制备例2>
(利用无机增稠剂增稠的含水分散体的制备)
将0.85质量份绿土粘土(由Hojun Co.,Ltd.制造的有机聚合物复合亲水性纯化膨润土;pH 6.5)和99.15质量份的离子交换水装载到均质混合器中并且在室温下混合直到均匀,以制备用无机增稠剂增稠的含水分散体(c-1)。
<制备例3>
(利用纤维素纳米纤维增稠的含水分散体的制备)
将10质量份纤维素纳米纤维的2%含水分散体(数均纤维直径4nm)(由Dai-ichiKogyo Seiyaku Co.,Ltd.制造的产品名称Rheocrysta C-2SP)和20质量份离子交换水装载在均质混合器中并且在室温下混合直到均匀,以制备用纤维素纳米纤维增稠的含水分散体(c-2)。
<工作例1至10和比较例1至3>
将二氧化硅母料、组分(A)、组分(C)、组分(D)、组分(E)和组分(F)装载到表1至3中所列出的组合物(质量份)中的均质混合器(由Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co.,Ltd.制造),在25℃下混合至均匀。然后,将组分(B)、组分(G)和组分(H)混合到表1至3中列出的组合物(质量份)中的所得混合物中,并且脱气以制备可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物。应注意,在表1至3中,SiH/V表示在硅橡胶组合物中,相对于聚有机硅氧烷(相当于组分(A))中的1摩尔的乙烯基基团,聚有机硅氧烷(相当于组分(B))中硅键合的氢原子的摩尔数。
以这种方式制备的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物使用压缩模制机在90℃下交联10分钟,以在含水状态下制备各种测试件。接下来,将这些测试件在开放体系中在200℃下放置4小时以除去测试件中的水,以制造硅橡胶海绵测试件。使用这些硅橡胶海绵测试件,测量密度、硬度、拉伸强度、伸长率、压缩永久变形和收缩率。结果示于表1至表3中。
二氧化硅MB:制备例1中制备的二氧化硅母料(热解法二氧化硅含量为约31质量%)
(a-1):分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物(粘度为10,000mPa·s;乙烯基基团含量为0.13质量%)
(a-2):分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基乙烯基硅氧烷共聚物(粘度为350mPa·s,乙烯基基团含量为约1.17质量%)
(b-1):分子两端均用三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷-甲基氢硅氧烷共聚物(动力粘度为43.5mm2/s;硅键合的氢原子含量为约0.69质量%)。
(c-1):用制备例2中制备的无机增稠剂增稠的含水分散体(绿土粘土含量为0.85质量%)
(c-2):用制备例3中制备的纤维素纳米纤维增稠的含水分散体(纤维素纳米纤维含量为0.67质量%)
(d-1):非离子表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,由Kao Corp.制造的商品名:Rheodol SP-O10V;HLB值4.3)
(d-2):非离子表面活性剂(脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,由Kao Corp.制造的商品名:Rheodol SP-O30V;HLB值1.8)
(e-1):LiN(SO2CF3)2
(e-2):NaN(SO2CF3)2
(e-3):LiPF6
(f-1):铂的1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷复合物的1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷溶液(铂金属含量为约4000ppm)
(g-1):2质量份的乙炔基环己醇和98质量份的分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(粘度为10,000mPa·s)的混合物
颜料MB40质量份的Bengara(Bayer AG制造的商品名Bayferrox)和60质量份的分子两端均用二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(粘度为10,000mPa·s)的混合物
表1
表2
表3
工业适用性
由于本发明的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物具有优异的模制性能,并且可形成具有模制后的低收缩率和二次硫化后的畸变小的硅橡胶海绵,因此有利地用于诸如电子照相复印机、激光打印机、按需打印机和传真机的图像形成装置中使用的辊和带的弹性材料,以及在高温下使用的例如隔热材料、吸声材料、缓冲器、填料、垫圈和垫的海绵应用。
Claims (8)
1.一种可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其包含:
(A)100质量份的每分子具有至少两个硅键合的烯基基团的聚有机硅氧烷;
(B)每分子具有至少两个硅键合的氢原子的聚有机硅氧烷,所述聚有机硅氧烷的量使得以组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基基团计,组分(B)中硅键合的氢原子的量为0.4至20摩尔;
(C)20至500质量份的水;
(D)增稠剂,所述增稠剂的量以每100质量份的组分(C)计为0.01至15质量份;
(E)0.1至15质量份的乳化剂;
(F)0.00001至2.0质量份的碱金属的含卤离子导体;以及
(G)硅氢加成反应催化剂,所述硅氢加成反应催化剂的量加速所述组合物的硅氢加成反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其中组分(D)为选自无机增稠剂、纤维素纤维、水溶性聚合物、吸水性聚合物、由所述无机增稠剂和所述水溶性聚合物组成的亲水性复合材料、以及由所述无机增稠剂和所述吸水性聚合物组成的亲水性复合材料的至少一种类型的增稠剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其中组分(D)的所述无机增稠剂为绿土粘土。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其中所述组分(F)为选自MBF4、MClO4、MPF6、MAsF6、MSbF6、MSO3CF3、MN(SO2CF3)2、MSO3C4F9、MC(SO2CF3)3、以及MB(C6H5)4的至少一种类型的离子导体,其中式中的M为锂或钠。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其还包含(H)硅氢加成反应抑制剂,所述硅氢加成反应抑制剂的量以每100质量份的组分(A)计为0.001至5质量份。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物,其还包含(I)增强二氧化硅细粉末,所述增强二氧化硅细粉末的量以每100质量份的组分(A)计不大于30质量份。
7.一种硅橡胶海绵,其通过硅氢加成反应使根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的可形成海绵的硅橡胶组合物交联并然后从所获得的硅橡胶中除去水,或者在通过硅氢加成反应使所述组合物交联的同时除去水而获得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的硅橡胶海绵,其中所述海绵是用于图像形成装置的固定构件的硅橡胶海绵。
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JP6688803B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
US20180057652A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
KR20170118090A (ko) | 2017-10-24 |
EP3259307A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
CN107406616B (zh) | 2020-12-22 |
EP3259307B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
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