CN107383327A - 硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物及硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法 - Google Patents

硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物及硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107383327A
CN107383327A CN201710212121.6A CN201710212121A CN107383327A CN 107383327 A CN107383327 A CN 107383327A CN 201710212121 A CN201710212121 A CN 201710212121A CN 107383327 A CN107383327 A CN 107383327A
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吉川悠人翔
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Seif Vichy Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明提供即使是含有金属催化剂且使用HFO‑1233zd作为发泡剂的情况下原液保存稳定性也良好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物。一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其是至少含有多元醇化合物、发泡剂及金属催化剂、且与包含聚异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯成分混合并使其发泡固化而形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,上述发泡剂含有1‑氯‑3,3,3‑三氟丙烯,上述多元醇组合物含有辛酸钙。

Description

硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物及硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及作为发泡剂成分含有作为必须成分的1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(以下,也记载为HFO-1233zd)的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物及硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法、更具体而言喷雾发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物及喷雾发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫为作为绝热材料、轻量结构材料等公知的材料。所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫通过将含有多元醇化合物、发泡剂作为必须成分的多元醇组合物与异氰酸酯成分混合并使其发泡、固化而形成。作为硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法之一,有喷雾发泡法(例如专利文献1及2)。
作为上述发泡剂,以往使用CFC-11等氟利昂化合物,但该CFC-11由于会引起臭氧层的破坏所以被禁止使用,替换成HCFC-141b,进而从2004年开始进行向臭氧层破坏系数为零的HFC-245fa或HFC-365mfc的替换,但该HFC-245fa或HFC-365mfc具有GWP(地球温暖化系数)大的问题。因此,正在进行臭氧层破坏系数和地球温暖化系数低且没有可燃性的HFO-1233zd的作为发泡剂的开发。
例如,含有HFO-1233zd的多元醇组合物由于原液保存稳定性差,所以正在进行改善含有HFO-1233zd的多元醇组合物的原液保存稳定性的尝试(例如专利文献3~6)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-328172号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-114288号公报
专利文献3:日本特表2011-500891号公报
专利文献4:日本特表2011-500892号公报
专利文献5:日本特表2011-500893号公报
专利文献6:日本特表2013-501844号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在利用喷雾发泡法的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造中,由于要求聚异氰酸酯化合物与多元醇化合物的迅速的反应,所以为了提高聚异氰酸酯化合物与多元醇化合物的反应速度,有时使用活性高的金属催化剂。
但是,获知含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd的多元醇组合物的原液保存稳定性差,有时在保存中作为喷雾发泡用所期望的金属催化剂的活性消失。由于若作为喷雾发泡用所期望的金属催化剂的活性消失,则聚异氰酸酯化合物与多元醇化合物的反应速度降低,所以有时利用喷雾发泡法的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造变得困难。
本发明提供即使含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd,原液保存稳定性也良好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物是至少含有多元醇化合物、发泡剂及金属催化剂、且与包含聚异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯成分混合并使其发泡固化而形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,上述发泡剂含有HFO-1233zd,上述多元醇组合物含有辛酸钙。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供即使含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd,原液保存稳定性也良好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物。
具体实施方式
<硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物>
本实施方式的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物(以下,也简称为多元醇组合物)是至少含有多元醇化合物、发泡剂及金属催化剂、且与包含聚异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯成分混合并使其发泡固化而形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,上述发泡剂含有HFO-1233zd,上述多元醇组合物含有辛酸钙。
根据本实施方式的多元醇组合物,能够提供即使含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd,原液保存稳定性也良好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物。本实施方式的多元醇组合物发挥这样的效果的理由并不确定,但如下考虑。
认为金属催化剂与原液保存中的HFO-1233zd来源的氟反应而变成氟化金属物,将催化性能失活,但由于辛酸钙与氟的反应性高,氟与金属催化剂相比优先与辛酸钙来源的钙反应,能够防止保存中的金属催化剂的失活,所以能够提供即使含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd,原液保存稳定性也良好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物。
〔多元醇化合物〕
作为多元醇化合物,可以没有限定地使用公知的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇化合物。作为所述多元醇化合物,可例示出含叔氨基的多元醇化合物、脂肪族多元醇化合物、芳香族多元醇化合物等。
含叔氨基的多元醇化合物是以伯胺或仲胺作为引发剂使环氧烷烃、具体而言环氧丙烷(PO)、环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧苯乙烷(SO)、四氢呋喃等1种以上进行开环加聚而得到的多官能性的多元醇化合物。
作为含叔氨基的多元醇化合物的引发剂即伯胺或仲胺引发剂,可例示出氨、甲基胺、乙基胺等脂肪族伯或仲单胺类、乙二胺、六亚甲基二胺、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺等脂肪族伯或仲多胺类、苯胺、二苯基胺、甲苯二胺、二苯基甲烷二胺、N-甲基苯胺等芳香族伯或仲的单或多胺类、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺等链烷醇胺类。含叔氨基的多元醇化合物的含量在多元醇化合物中,优选为10~60重量%,更优选为20~50重量%。含叔氨基的多元醇化合物对于反应性的上升、物性的体现是有效的,若少于10重量%则经常见不到反应性的上升,若超过60重量%则由于反应性变得过高,有时成为泡沫的烧伤、裂纹的产生原因。
脂肪族多元醇化合物是在作为多元醇引发剂的脂肪族或脂环族多官能性活泼氢化合物上开环加聚环氧烷烃、具体而言环氧丙烷(PO)、环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧苯乙烷(SO)、四氢呋喃等环状醚的1种以上、优选PO或PO和EO而得到的多官能性的低聚物。
作为脂肪族多元醇化合物的多元醇引发剂,可例示出乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇等二醇类、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油等三元醇类、季戊四醇等4官能醇类、山梨糖醇、蔗糖等多官能醇类、水等。
芳香族多元醇化合物可例示出通过在分子内具有芳香环的多官能性的活泼氢化合物上加成上述的环氧烷烃的方法而得到的多元醇化合物、芳香族聚羧酸与多官能醇的酯多元醇化合物等。
作为在多官能性的活泼氢化合物上加成上述的环氧烷烃而得到的多元醇化合物,具体地可例示出在氢醌、双酚A、曼尼希等上开环加成PO、EO、SO中的至少1种、优选PO或PO和EO而得到的化合物。
作为芳香族聚羧酸与多官能醇的酯多元醇化合物,具体地可例示出使对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸等与乙二醇、二乙二醇等的羟基末端醇反应而得到的酯多元醇化合物。
上述多元醇化合物优选羟值为50~1500mgKOH/g。这些多元醇化合物中,若使用含叔氨基的多元醇化合物、脂肪族多元醇化合物,则可以得到使多元醇组合物的粘度下降的效果。
上述多元醇化合物也可以包含乙二醇(EG)、三乙二醇、二乙二醇(DEG)、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇(1,6-HD)、新戊二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇(DPG)等二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷等三元醇等。
〔发泡剂〕
上述发泡剂含有臭氧层破坏系数和地球温暖化系数低且没有可燃性的HFO-1233zd。
上述发泡剂优选进一步含有水。通过水的添加,能够使多元醇组合物的蒸气压下降。水的含量相对于多元醇化合物的总计100重量份优选为0.5~5重量份。
上述发泡剂也可以进一步含有硬质聚氨酯泡沫用的公知的发泡剂。
上述发泡剂的含量相对于多元醇化合物总计100重量份优选为5~50重量份,更优选为10~40重量份。
〔金属催化剂〕
作为上述金属催化剂,可以没有特别限定地使用促进氨基甲酸酯化及脲化反应的公知的金属催化剂。作为上述金属催化剂中包含的金属,可例示出锡、钛、铅、铋、钴、钾等。
作为金属催化剂的更具体的例子,可列举出二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二辛基锡、辛酸锡、二丁基氧化锡等锡化合物、钛酸四丁酯等钛化合物、环烷酸铅、辛酸铅等铅化合物、新癸酸铋、辛酸铋等铋化合物、环烷酸钴、辛酸钴等钴化合物、辛酸钾、乙酸钾、甲酸钾等钾化合物等。这些金属催化剂可以单独或混合使用。
关于上述多元醇组合物中的金属催化剂的量,从得到喷雾发泡法中所期望的反应速度的观点出发,相对于多元醇化合物100重量份以有效成分(除稀释成分以外的金属盐成分)计优选为0.05重量%以上,更优选为0.1重量%以上。但是,由于若反应速度过高,则有时因混合装置堵塞等而损害操作性,所以上述多元醇组合物中的金属催化剂的量相对于多元醇化合物100重量份优选为10重量%以下,更优选为5重量%以下,进一步优选为4重量%以下。
〔辛酸钙〕
关于上述多元醇组合物中的辛酸钙的量,从原液保存稳定性的观点出发,相对于多元醇化合物100重量份以有效成分(除稀释成分以外的辛酸钙成分)计优选为0.05重量份以上,更优选为0.1重量份以上,进一步优选为0.2重量份以上。但是,由于若在上述多元醇组合物中包含大量辛酸钙,则有时其他金属催化剂的活性降低,所以上述多元醇组合物中的辛酸钙的量相对于多元醇化合物100重量份以有效成分(除稀释成分以外的辛酸钙成分)计优选为2重量份以下,更优选为1重量份以下。
〔其他成分〕
上述多元醇组合物也可以含有硬质聚氨酯泡沫用的除上述金属催化剂以外的公知的催化剂、整泡剂、阻燃剂、相容剂、增塑剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂等。
作为除上述金属催化剂以外的公知的催化剂,可例示出N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基六亚甲基二胺(Kao.No.1)、N,N,N’,N’,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(Kao.No.3)等N-烷基聚亚烷基多胺类、1-异丁基-2-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑等、二氮杂二环十一碳烯(DBU)、N,N-二甲基环己基胺(Polycat-8)、三乙二胺、N-甲基吗啉、双(2-二甲基-氨乙基)醚(NIAX-A-1)等叔胺类作为氨基甲酸酯化反应催化剂。
作为上述整泡剂,可以没有限定地使用硬质聚氨酯泡沫用的公知的整泡剂。作为整泡剂,通常使用聚二甲基硅氧烷以及聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚环氧烷烃的接枝共聚物或嵌段共聚物。作为聚环氧烷烃,使用平均分子量为5000~8000的聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的无规共聚物或嵌段共聚物。
作为上述阻燃剂,可例示出含卤素的化合物、有机磷酸酯类、三氧化锑、氢氧化铝等金属化合物。关于这些阻燃剂,例如若过量地添加有机磷酸酯,则有时所得到的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的物性下降,此外若过量地添加三氧化锑等金属化合物粉末,则有时会产生对泡沫的发泡行为显出影响等问题,其添加量被限制为不产生所述问题的范围。
作为上述增塑剂,可列举出磷酸的卤代烷基酯、烷基磷酸酯或芳基磷酸酯、膦酸酯等,具体而言可例示出三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(CLP、大八化学社制)、三(β-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TMCPP、大八化学社制)、三丁氧基乙基磷酸酯(TBEP、Rhodia公司制)、磷酸三丁基酯、磷酸三乙基酯、磷酸甲苯基苯基酯、膦酸二甲基甲基酯等,可以使用它们中的1种以上。增塑剂的添加量相对于多元醇组合物100重量份优选为5~40重量份。若超过该范围,则无法充分得到增塑效果,有时产生泡沫的物性下降等问题。
<硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法>
本实施方式的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法为将上述多元醇组合物与聚异氰酸酯化合物通过喷雾装置混合并使其反应而制成硬质聚氨酯泡沫的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法。
在本实施方式的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法中,由于使用即使含有金属催化剂及HFO-1233zd原液保存稳定性也良好的上述多元醇组合物,所以即使是保存后的多元醇组合物也能够通过喷雾发泡法来制造硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
作为上述异氰酸酯成分,从处理的容易性、反应的速度、所得到的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的物性优异、低成本等出发,使用液状MDI。作为液状MDI,使用未加工(粗制)MDI(c-MDI)(44V-10,44V-20L等(Sumika Covestro Urethane Co.,Ltd.制))、含脲酮亚胺的MDI(Millionate MTL;Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co.,Ltd.制)等。这些聚异氰酸酯化合物中,从所形成的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的机械强度等物性优异、并且为低价格的方面考虑,特别优选使用未加工(粗制)MDI。
除了液状MDI以外,也可以并用其他的异氰酸酯成分。在聚氨酯的技术领域中公知的二异氰酸酯化合物或聚异氰酸酯化合物可以没有限定地使用。
在上述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法中,上述多元醇组合物与异氰酸酯成分的混合中的异氰酸酯基/活泼氢基当量比(NCO指数)优选为1.0~2.2,更优选为1.1~2.1,进一步优选为1.2~2.0。
在本实施方式的制造方法中,适当使用一般公知的聚氨酯用喷雾发泡·成形装置,成形为与用途相应的形状。
[实施例]
以下,对具体地表示本发明的构成和效果的实施例等进行说明。
<评价方法>
〔初期凝胶时间〕
将温度调整为15℃的多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯成分用搅拌叶片以3000转/分钟旋转的搅拌机搅拌混合4秒钟,测定已发泡形成的聚氨酯泡沫的凝胶时间。凝胶时间设定为在发泡中的泡沫顶端部中插入玻璃棒时泡沫开始拔丝的时间。
〔在40℃下保管30天后凝胶时间〕
将多元醇组合物以密闭在塑料容器内的状态在设定为40℃的烘箱内培养30天后,将温度调整为15℃的培养后的多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯成分用搅拌叶片以3000转/分钟旋转的搅拌机搅拌混合4秒钟,测定已发泡形成的聚氨酯泡沫的凝胶时间。
〔凝胶时间延迟〕
由上述在40℃下保管30天后凝胶时间的值减去上述初期凝胶时间的值而求出凝胶时间延迟的时间(凝胶时间延迟)。凝胶时间延迟越少,意味着保存稳定性越好。
<实施例1~8、比较例1~3>
使用表1中记载的原料,以表2及表3中记载的组成制备多元醇组合物,将该多元醇组合物和表1中记载的聚异氰酸酯按照成为表2及表3中记载的重量比的方式投入发泡用容器中,通过上述方法求出初期凝胶时间、在40℃下保管30天后凝胶时间及凝胶时间延迟。将测定结果示于表2及表3中。
[表1]
[表2]
※凝胶时间延迟秒数越短,保存稳定性越好。
[表3]
※凝胶时间延迟秒数越短,保存稳定性越好。
如由上述表2及表3判断的那样,在多元醇组合物中含有辛酸钙的组合物由于凝胶时间延迟少,所以判断多元醇组合物的保存稳定性提高。另一方面,辛酸锌没有效果。

Claims (6)

1.一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其是至少含有多元醇化合物、发泡剂及金属催化剂、且与包含聚异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯成分混合并使其发泡固化而形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其中,
所述发泡剂含有HFO-1233zd,
所述多元醇组合物含有辛酸钙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其中,
所述金属催化剂为选自由二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二辛基锡、辛酸锡、二丁基氧化锡、钛酸四丁酯、环烷酸铅、辛酸铅、新癸酸铋、辛酸铋、环烷酸钴、辛酸钴、乙酰丙酮铁、新癸酸铋、辛酸钾、乙酸钾及甲酸钾组成的组中的1种以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其中,
所述多元醇组合物中的所述金属催化剂的量相对于所述多元醇化合物100重量份为0.05重量%以上且10重量%以下。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其中,
所述多元醇组合物中的所述辛酸钙的量相对于多元醇化合物100重量份为0.05重量份以上且2重量份以下。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物,其用于利用喷雾发泡法的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造。
6.一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造方法,其将权利要求1~5中任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用多元醇组合物与聚异氰酸酯化合物通过喷雾装置混合并使其反应而制成硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
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