CN107372790B - 一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，所述方法为挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌10‑15min，然后浸入陈皮提取液，35‑50s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，风干，装入包装袋密封后于2‑6℃保存。与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：能有效改善暗褐网柄牛肝菌贮藏期间的虫蛀、腐烂和病变等情况；降低水分散失，维持较好的外观、风味；对人体无害且营养价值高；保证季节性生产的野生暗褐网柄牛肝菌全部收购，为建立鲜暗褐网柄牛肝菌工厂化的贮藏和保鲜技术奠定基础，满足市场需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食用菌保鲜技术领域，具体涉及一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法。
背景技术
暗褐网柄牛肝菌Phlebopusportentosus(Berk.&Broome)Boedijn，隶属于担子菌门Basidiomycota、伞菌纲Agaricomycetes、牛肝菌目Boletales、小牛肝菌科Boletinellaceae、脉柄牛肝菌属Phlebopus。每年雨季为云南景洪农贸市场上常见的食用菌，主要采自野生状态，富含蛋白质和钾、钙、镁、铁、锌等多种人体所需的矿质元素，味道鲜美，深受产地消费者喜爱的美味食用菌。然而其贮藏寿命极短，室温下放置1d，菌的色泽风味骤变，而目前集中收购的鲜野生暗褐网柄牛肝菌却只能以速冻、干制和罐头等方式进行初级加工，丧失了暗褐网柄牛肝菌特有的风味，造成大量鲜野生暗褐网柄牛肝菌的损耗和浪费，影响了其价值和市场需求量，造成极大的损失。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，以期保持鲜牛肝菌特有的风味，保证季节性生产的野生暗褐网柄牛肝菌全部收购，为建立鲜暗褐网柄牛肝菌工厂化的贮藏和保鲜技术奠定基础，满足市场需求。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，所述方法为挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌10-15min，然后浸入陈皮提取液，35-50s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，风干，装入包装袋密封后于2-6℃保存。
在其中一个实施例，所述陈皮提取液中还可添加35-40％的紫球藻多糖溶液。
在其中一个实施例，所述紫球藻多糖溶液是将紫球藻多糖溶于0.1-0.3％柠檬酸溶液，然后调节pH至5.3-5.7而得。
在其中一个实施例，所述陈皮提取液制备方法：取陈皮生药材，加入10-14倍70-90％乙醇回流2-3h，3-5次，过滤，合并滤液即得。
在其中一个实施例，所述方法的风干方法为40-50℃热风干燥。
在其中一个实施例，所述方法的包装袋材料为聚乙烯薄膜袋。
在其中一个实施例，所述方法的包装袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为70-80％。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘(Citrus reticulate Blanco)的干燥成熟果皮，气香，味辛，微苦，性温。含挥发油1.9％-3.5％，橙皮甙，川皮酮，肌醇，VB1、VC等，此外还有醛，其挥发油的主要成分为右旋柠檬烯，具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗紫外线辐射、杀虫等作用。
紫球藻(Porphyridium sp.)是属于红藻门，原红藻纲，紫球藻目，紫球藻科，紫球藻属的一种单细胞红藻，是多种天然产物的来源，特别是紫球藻多糖，对各种病毒有抑制作用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：利用陈皮提取液的杀菌、杀虫、抗氧化的作用，能有效改善暗褐网柄牛肝菌贮藏期间的虫蛀、腐烂和病变等情况；降低水分散失，维持较好的外观、风味；另外，紫球藻多糖不仅能够抑制病毒，而且具有很好的成膜性能，其添加于陈皮提取液中因其本身的生物粘合特性，可在暗褐网柄牛肝菌表面形成一层无色透明薄膜，进一步增强保鲜效果；陈皮提取液、紫球藻多糖对人体无害且营养价值高；保证季节性生产的野生暗褐网柄牛肝菌全部收购，为建立鲜暗褐网柄牛肝菌工厂化的贮藏和保鲜技术奠定基础，满足市场需求。
具体实施方式
为使本技术领域的技术人员能更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细说明。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌10min，然后浸入陈皮提取液，35s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，40℃热风风干，装入聚乙烯薄膜袋密封后于2℃保存，其中聚乙烯薄膜袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为70％。
实施例2
挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌12.5min，然后浸入陈皮提取液，42.5s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，45℃热风风干，装入聚乙烯薄膜袋密封后于4℃保存，其中聚乙烯薄膜袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为75％。
实施例3
挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌15min，然后浸入添加有35％紫球藻多糖溶液的陈皮提取液，50s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，50℃热风风干，装入聚乙烯薄膜袋密封后于6℃保存，其中聚乙烯薄膜袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为80％。
实施例4
挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌12min，然后浸入添加有37.5％紫球藻多糖溶液的陈皮提取液，40s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，42℃热风风干，装入聚乙烯薄膜袋密封后于3℃保存，其中聚乙烯薄膜袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为72％。
实施例5
挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌14min，然后浸入添加有40％紫球藻多糖溶液的陈皮提取液，48s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，48℃热风风干，装入聚乙烯薄膜袋密封后于5℃保存，其中聚乙烯薄膜袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为78％。
实施例1-5陈皮提取液可通过以下方法制备所得：取陈皮生药材，加入10-14倍70-90％乙醇回流2-3h，3-5次，过滤，合并滤液即得。
实施例3-5紫球藻多糖溶液可通过以下方法制备所得：将紫球藻多糖溶于0.1-0.3％柠檬酸溶液，然后调节pH至5.3-5.7而得。
对比例1
除不经陈皮提取液处理外，其它贮藏条件同实施例2。
1.失重率
计算贮藏5d后实施例1-5和对比例1暗褐网柄牛肝菌的失重率，采用标重法，结果见表1，计算公式为:
表1贮藏5d后实施例1-5和对比例1暗褐网柄牛肝菌的失重率
| 样品 | 失重率/％ |
| 实施例1 | 5.1 |
| 实施例2 | 5.2 |
| 实施例3 | 3.8 |
| 实施例4 | 3.7 |
| 实施例5 | 3.8 |
| 对比例1 | 30.3 |
从表1可知贮藏5d后，实施例1-2暗褐网柄牛肝菌的失重率不超过5.2％，对比例1则接近30.3％，可见陈皮提取液的处理可以降低暗褐网柄牛肝菌在贮藏期间的失重率；对比实施例1-2与实施例3-5暗褐网柄牛肝菌的失重率可知紫球藻多糖溶液的添加可进一步降低失重率。
2.腐烂率
按照表2的分级标准选出贮藏10d、15d、20d、25d、30d后实施例1-5和对比例1中色泽水渍色，形态失形，水浸状，质地软，有异味的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，称其质量，计算腐烂率，结果见表3，公式为：
表2美味牛肝菌鲜品感官品质分级标准
表3贮藏10d、15d、20d、25d、30d后实施例1-5和对比例1暗褐网柄牛肝菌的腐烂率
从表3可知对比例1的腐烂率远高于实施例1-2暗褐网柄牛肝菌的腐烂率，可见陈皮提取液的处理可以降低暗褐网柄牛肝菌在贮藏期间的腐烂率；对比实施例1-2与实施例3-5暗褐网柄牛肝菌的失重率可知紫球藻多糖溶液的添加可进一步降低腐烂率。
显然，上述实施例仅是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明的启示，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述方法为挑选菇体完整、无病虫害和机械伤、大小基本一致的暗褐网柄牛肝菌，洗净沥干后紫外灭菌10-15min，然后浸入陈皮提取液，35-50s后，取出暗褐网柄牛肝菌，风干，装入包装袋密封后于2-6℃保存；
所述陈皮提取液中添加35-40％的紫球藻多糖溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，其特征在于：所述紫球藻多糖溶液是将紫球藻多糖溶于0.1-0.3％柠檬酸溶液，然后调节pH至5.3-5.7而得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，其特征在于：所述陈皮提取液制备方法：取陈皮生药材，加入10-14倍70-90％乙醇回流2-3h，3-5次，过滤，合并滤液即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，其特征在于：所述风干方法为40-50℃热风干燥。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种暗褐网柄牛肝菌的保鲜方法，其特征在于：所述包装袋中暗褐网柄牛肝菌占据的空间为70-80％。
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