CN107371950A - The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree - Google Patents
The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371950A CN107371950A CN201710627032.8A CN201710627032A CN107371950A CN 107371950 A CN107371950 A CN 107371950A CN 201710627032 A CN201710627032 A CN 201710627032A CN 107371950 A CN107371950 A CN 107371950A
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- kumquat
- tree
- fertilizer
- fruit
- kumquat tree
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the plantation breeding method of kumquat tree, is related to proportion of crop planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of kumquat tree.Comprise the following steps：(1) in the planting area of kumquat tree, after kumquat harvests, soil sample is gathered annual mid-October, micro- effective content in phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, iron in testing soil etc.；(2) according to the age of tree of kumquat tree, kumquat tree is applied fertilizer；(3) kumquat tree is applied fertilizer respectively in annual April, July and October.By the growth characteristic and regulation of fertilizer requirement of studying silver-colored kumquat tree, it is multi-faceted to have carried out the various fertilizer tests of kumquat tree, a series of kumquat fertilizing constants are obtained, have courageously carried out the reform of kumquat fertilizer practice, change end of the year single fertilization repeatedly to be applied fertilizer by kumquat breeding time；According to the size of kumquat tree, yield height quantitative fertilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of kumquat tree.
Background technology
Kumquat tree is famous fruit effect plant, and the growth period of kumquat is usually that the later stage, artificial graft entered basin in the wild.Kumquat
Rutaceae is set, belongs to golden mandarin orange.Also known as golden jujube, golden mandarin orange.Evergreen shrubs.It is high 3 meters, do not have thorn, sprig green, nutritional sufficiency time-division typically
Branch is more；Leaf lanceolar is to oblong, 5-9 centimeter lengths, full edge, petiole slightly wing；Spend small, white, fragrance, 1-3 axillary, flower
Valve 5, stamen 20-25, the Room of ovary 5；Fruit ellipse or obovate, it is long 2.5-3.5 centimetres, it is golden yellow；The spherical category Japan of fruit
Kumquat.Kumquat likes sunlight and the environment of warm moistening, can not resist cold, slightly shade tolerant, drought-enduring, it is desirable to well-drained fertile, loose
Subacidity sand loam.Kumquat is preferably directly to chew food after wash clean, and vitamin c, more than 54 degree of temperature meeting are contained in kumquat
Vitamin c is destroyed, and the nutriment of kumquat skin is more than kumquat meat, so preferably pericarp and pulp are eaten together, also may be used
Squeeze the juice and drink, but plant cellulose can be lost.
Kumquat Cultivating techniques：
First, rational pruning
After the beginning of spring, the temperature rises, and kumquat growth is very fast, it is necessary to is trimmed.The needs of branch are stayed by globular model tree crown, are selected
Select that 3-5 major branch is straggly to be stayed on trunk, other unnecessary trunks are neat and base portion is cut off.Then according to stayed trunk power
Situation, cutting back, strong branch can stay 4-5 buds to cut respectively；Weaker branch can stay 2-3 buds to cut.So, branch growing way can be adjusted,
Promote the multiple healthy and strong spring tip of each major branch, material base is laid to bloom.By bimestrial growth, young sprout is substantially sent out together.For
Its excessively prosperous length is controlled, second of trimming must also be carried out.But pruning rate can reduce, based on top clipping.Later young sprout often has 8 one lO
During piece leaf will pinching once, the purpose is to induce a large amount of summer shoots, to yield positive results more.The last time pinching time, be with
Given birth to summer shoot can form bud to determine.
2nd, the rational application of fertilizer and " button water "
Kumquat is suitable to be born in fertile loose, acid sand loam.Potted plant appropriate to the occasion 4 parts of leaf mould, 5 parts of sand, cake fertilizer 1
Part, the compost of mixed preparing.First time trim after, to apply once decomposed organic fertilizer (such as night soil, green manure, soya-bean cake,
Fish guano etc.), add again once within every 10 days thereafter.At this moment proper temperature, rich water is sufficient, is advantageous to the multiple spring tip.When young sprout hair is neat,
After pinching, to compel to apply quick-acting phosphate fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate), flower_bud formation is promoted with this.Can bud form, and close
The nutriment that key is to store kumquat is not expended on excessive shoot and leaf growth, and concentrates on the reproductive development of bud differentiation
Aspect." button water ", can also promote bud differentiation.As the saying goes：" the wet fruit of dried flower ", that is to be poured less in right amount in flower bud differentiation period
Water, here it is " button water ".The method that button water is commonly used in flower culture, suppresses plant strain growth, promotes bud differentiation.Specifically
Say, kumquat more than ten day before the Limit of Heat, to gradually decrease irrigation amount, to control summer shoot over growth, beneficial to forming bud.To the Limit of Heat
5 days or so before section, to stop watering.By burning sun exposure in 3-4 days, kumquat top tender leaf was sagging in slight wilt, and basin soil is dry
Dry is in canescence.But in order to prevent the yesterday piece slightly wilted will not excessive dehydration, a small amount of water should be sprayed to blade face in early daily, evening, in
Noon can slightly pour a water into basin；When kumquat main bud and preparation bud all expand, by green turn it is white when, that is, show that bud differentiation is complete
Into.Now to recover irrigation amount in time, and apply thin fertilizer, just can bloom in succession soon.
3rd, flower, fruit retention are protected and is promoted yellow
Potted plant kumquat can often produce fruit drop phenomenon.As the florescence is rainy, moisture too controls, or rich water when taking out hair young sprout
Supply falls short of demand and high temperature etc., all easily causes fruit drop.Therefore, fruiting period management control work should be carried out.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, except
, should also be at morning, at dusk to blade face spray cooling outside correct rich water quality management.Such as find that pumping young sprout will be extractd in time.Bloom
When answer appropriate flower thinning, save nutrient.Xie Huahou can spray O.3% one 0.4% urea or 0.3% composite fertilizer, and add the 2,4- of 15ppm
D, so, there is significant effect to the fruit retention of potted plant kumquat.After raw young fruit, when young fruit grows to 1 centimetre of size, also to carry out
Fruit thinning, general every is stayed 2-3 fruit to be advisable.In same axil, sometimes raw 2-3 young fruit, one can only be selected and remain, and make complete stool
Fruit is evenly distributed.To wipe out autumn growth in time later, not make second fruiting, good with sharp fruit development -- fruit shape size, maturation
Degree is consistent, improves ornamental value.
In kumquat growth course, various nutrient disparities between supply and demand are cured day protrusion in earth, the few phenomenon of fruit yield also day
Become aggravation, therefore, how to improve fertilizer nutrient, improves kumquat fertilising material skill content, preferably coordinates kumquat nutrition, it has also become steady
Surely the task of top priority of kumquat production is developed.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of plantation breeding method of kumquat tree, by studying silver-colored kumquat tree
Growth characteristic and regulation of fertilizer requirement, it is multi-faceted to have carried out the various fertilizer tests of kumquat tree, a series of kumquat fertilizing constants are obtained, greatly
Courage has carried out the reform of kumquat fertilizer practice, changes end of the year single fertilization repeatedly to be applied fertilizer by kumquat breeding time；Change and abut trunk
Base portion fertilising is to be applied fertilizer near the most strong crown mapping circle of Root Absorption ability；It is organic and inorganic to change single fertilizer variety
With reference to a great number of elements combines with middle trace element；It is because lacking qualitative fertilising of filling a vacancy, root according to soil nutrient status to change blindly fertilising
According to the size of kumquat tree, yield height quantitative fertilization.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of plantation breeding method of kumquat tree, comprises the following steps：
(1) in the planting area of kumquat tree, after kumquat harvests, annual mid-October gathers soil sample, testing soil
In phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, effective content micro- in iron etc.；
(2) according to the age of tree of kumquat tree, kumquat tree is applied fertilizer, fertilizer uses total nutrient content (pure N+P2O5+K2O)
>=40% compound fertilizer.For childhood tree and picking leaves tree, impose that nitrogenous fertilizer is more to it, appropriate potash fertilizer of arranging in pairs or groups and a small amount of phosphorus
Fertilizer；For the kumquat tree for youth of just bearing fruit, with the increase of yield, increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer year by year；When kumquat rime fruit for many years
Afterwards, fertilising reaches the ratio that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are laid equal stress on；
(3) kumquat tree is applied fertilizer respectively in annual April, July and October, dose according to the diameter of tree crown and
It is fixed：Y=1/10 π r2(wherein, Y represents dose, unit for kilogram, r represents the radius of tree crown, and unit is rice).
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, during fertilising, the head of yellow plate paper pipe fills fertilizer to play shape structure
Enter in the yellow plate paper pipe, the aperture of 1 millimeter is stayed in the afterbody of the yellow plate paper pipe, top sets end cap and sealed, will
Yellow plate paper pipe is inserted into the rhizosphere soil of kumquat tree, and fertilizer is acted on by diffusion and mass flow, is gradually absorbed by kumquat tree.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer is powdered fertilizer, wherein, total nutrient (N+P2O5+
K2O) >=40%, moisture≤2%, middle trace element (Zn+Mn+Cu+Mo+Fe etc.) >=1%, pH value is between 6-8.
Beneficial effect：The present invention is on the basis of common composite fertilizer, by Reasonable adjustment a great number of elements, middle trace element
Ratio, for production fruit type and picking leaves type kumquat tree to the different demands of various nutrients, with reference to kumquat tree regulation of fertilizer requirement and kumquat
Regional soil nutrient situation is set, is developed after lot of experiments demonstration, there is formula rationally, good water solubility, efficiency slow release, administration
Simply, reduce cost, the features such as improving utilization rate of fertilizer and orchard worker's benefit, be soil fertilizer technology materialization achievement, be worth
Popularization and application in large area.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with optimal embodiment below.
Embodiment one
It comprises the following steps：First in kumquat planting area, with continuous quinquenniad, in annual mid-October,
After kumquat harvests, topsoil soil sample is gathered extensively and carries out assay, is found out micro- in phosphorus in kumquat producing region, potassium, zinc, boron, silicon etc.
The nutrient situation of secondary element, so as to grasp first hand soil nutrient data, provided to carry out kumquat fertilization compositions based on earth measurement
Scientific basis.According to the type of kumquat tree, kumquat tree is divided into two kinds of production fruit type and picking leaves type, with regard to tri- kinds of nutrients of N, P, K
For, kumquat tree is not quite similar to the demand of its nutrient in different growth periods.From the overall growth tendency of kumquat tree and
Speech, is divided, (1) spring according to season, right because the shoot and leaf growth amount of kumquat tree is big therefore higher to the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer
Nitrogenous fertilizer demand accounts for more than the 60% of annual aggregate demand；(2) summer, on the occasion of the long fruit of kumquat, long kind of shell, the vigorous growth being in the milk
It is phase, larger to potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer demand；(3) autumn, kumquat tree aerial growth amount is few or stops growing, and under ground portion
Root growth enters two summit of growth phases an of annual control, while is basic phase and the kumquat tree body increase nutrient of flower_bud formation again
Storage, increase the preparatory stage of cold hardiness, thus it is higher to the demand of phosphorus, all one's life is accounted for always with phosphorus amount 50%.In addition, kumquat tree
Whether tree crown size, bear fruit, and the length in age of bearing fruit, also different to the demand of nutrient, it is however generally that, childhood tree and picking leaves
Type tree is because based on nutrient growth, therefore, when being applied fertilizer to kumquat tree, the nitrogenous fertilizer content in nutrient should be higher, is secondly
Potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer only need a little；And for the young kumquat tree that just bears fruit, with the increase of yield, can use year by year increasing the p application rate,
Potash fertilizer, after kumquat tree, which reaches, bears fruit 3-5, then the fertilizing method laid equal stress on using nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.In order to right in 1 year
The demand of nutrition nutrient is controlled, and the present invention is imposed vernalization to kumquat tree and promoted flower respectively using annual April, July and October
Fertile, long fruit fertilizer and Xie Guofei, the vernalization promote the content that the content that the pure N content in fertilizers for potted flowers is 25%, P2O5 is 5%, K2O and are
10%；The content that the content that pure N content in the long fruit fertilizer is 20%, P2O5 is 5%, K2O is 15%；It is described thank fruit fertilizer
The content that the content that pure N content is 15%, P2O5 is 15%, K2O is 10%, the dose of every kind of fertilizer according to tree crown radius
Differentiated, according to formula：Y=1/10 π r2, Y represents dose, unit for kilogram, r represents the radius of tree crown, and unit is rice.
According to measure, under normal soil moisture, every fertilizer in yellow plate paper pipe can be in 30-45 days dissolving knots
Beam, effectively the meltage control of chemical fertilizer day in safe range, per day meltage only has the 1/30-1/ that root is directly applied fertilizer
35, so as to efficiently control the rate of release of nutrient, the fertilising safety of kumquat tree is ensure that, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio again.
Nutrient in the present invention is higher, can meet that the growth of kumquat tree to nutrient content needs, efficiently solves current large area production
In upper kumquat yield " biennial bearing problem ", and the bullet-nose rod fertilizer that it is developed, different types of kumquat tree can be adapted to need nutrient
Ask, and there is certain promotional value.
Embodiment 2
Remaining is same as Example 1, and institute's difference is, described fertilizer is floury structure, wherein, total nutrient (N
+ P2O5+K2O) >=40%, moisture≤2%, it is middle trace element (Zn+Mn+Cu+Mo+Fe etc.) >=1%, pH value 6-8 it
Between, fertilizer is fitted into bag, is embedded to the root of kumquat tree, by with contact with moisture, gradually dissolving, so as to by the root of kumquat tree
Portion fully absorbs.
Finally it should be noted that：Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and simultaneously
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also do on the basis of the above description
Go out other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus drawn
Among the obvious changes or variations that Shen goes out is still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the plantation breeding method of kumquat tree, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) in the planting area of kumquat tree, after kumquat harvests, soil sample is gathered annual mid-October, in testing soil
Micro- effective content in phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, iron etc.；
(2) according to the age of tree of kumquat tree, kumquat tree is applied fertilizer, fertilizer using total nutrient content (pure N+P2O5+K2O) >=
40% compound fertilizer.For childhood tree and picking leaves tree, impose that nitrogenous fertilizer is more to it, appropriate potash fertilizer of arranging in pairs or groups and a small amount of phosphorus
Fertilizer；For the kumquat tree for youth of just bearing fruit, with the increase of yield, increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer year by year；When kumquat rime fruit for many years
Afterwards, fertilising reaches the ratio that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are laid equal stress on；
(3) kumquat tree is applied fertilizer respectively in annual April, July and October, dose is depending on the diameter of tree crown：Y=
1/10πr2(wherein, Y represents dose, unit for kilogram, r represents the radius of tree crown, and unit is rice).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710627032.8A CN107371950A (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710627032.8A CN107371950A (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree |
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| CN107371950A true CN107371950A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
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| CN201710627032.8A Withdrawn CN107371950A (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110692421A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-17 | 万月宁 | Method for solving problems of old and young oranges |
-
2017
- 2017-07-28 CN CN201710627032.8A patent/CN107371950A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110692421A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-17 | 万月宁 | Method for solving problems of old and young oranges |
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Application publication date: 20171124 |
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