CN110692421A - Method for solving problems of old and young oranges - Google Patents
Method for solving problems of old and young oranges Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692421A CN110692421A CN201911063668.XA CN201911063668A CN110692421A CN 110692421 A CN110692421 A CN 110692421A CN 201911063668 A CN201911063668 A CN 201911063668A CN 110692421 A CN110692421 A CN 110692421A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for solving the problem of the old and the young of oranges, which comprises the following steps: (1) flower thinning: thinning abnormal flowers and dense leafless flowers in the flower bud differentiation period of the citrus, and spraying a thinning agent at the same time; (2) thinning fruits: the vegetables and fruits are carried out twice, the first time is carried out in the last ten days of May to remove dense abnormal fruits with poor development, the second time is carried out in the last ten days of July to remove dense young fruits, insect-infected fruits and mechanically damaged fruits, and the fruits are uniformly distributed; (3) trimming: selecting relatively strong branches for soft shearing, and shearing shading branches and insect-infected branches to balance tree vigor; (4) fertilizing: spraying the tree and the citrus leaf surface, and applying organic fertilizer again in the deep ploughing and fertilizing process. The invention provides a method for solving the problem of the large and small years of oranges by adopting a mode of managing the oranges in each period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for solving the problem of the growth and the growth of citrus.
Background
The purpose of culturing the citrus is to obtain high-yield, stable-yield and high-quality fruits, and the phenomenon of fruit bearing of the citrus in large and small years commonly exists in each production area, so that the yield is greatly fluctuated, the quality of the fruits is reduced, the uniformity of the fruits is poor, the fruits are small, sour, coarse in oil cells, the fruit peels are thickened, deformed fruits are increased and the like, and the economic income of fruit growers is directly influenced.
The main reasons for the citrus fruits in the year of the year are as follows:
1. variety of species: generally, sweet oranges, grapefruits, lemons and the like have lighter alternate bearing, wide-peel oranges have the most common alternate bearing, and different varieties in the same category have different alternate bearing degrees, for example, navel oranges in oranges have higher alternate bearing frequency than golden oranges;
2. climate factors: according to field observation, the low-temperature period is long in winter, the next year is large in flower quantity, multiple abnormal flowers are generated, the proportion of leafless flowers is increased, the flower and fruit dropping is serious, the flower and fruit dropping is more in rainy days in winter and spring, the soil water content is high, the flower quantity is relatively small, the rainwater in the flowering period is excessive, the pollination and fertilization are poor, and the flower and fruit dropping is serious to form big and small year fruit bearing.
3. And (3) tree body nutrition: the tree vigor is strong, branches and leaves are luxuriant, the photosynthetic products are formed and accumulated more, the formed flower buds are more, the flower quality is good, and the fruit bearing in the next year is more; weak tree vigor, less shoot, insufficient effective photosynthetic area, less organic nutrient accumulation, poor flower bud differentiation and less fruiting;
4. endogenous hormones: researches show that the GA in the spring shoot nutrition branches and fruits of the perennial fruiting trees is higher than that in the young fruiting trees, the flower bud differentiation is inhibited, the flower buds of the young fruiting trees are formed more, and the fruits are hung more in the next year;
5. improper cultivation technical measures: if too much fertilizer is applied, especially N fertilizer is too much in the young, the branch tips are easy to grow excessively, the fertilizer is not enough, and the tree vigor is weak; improper pesticide application causes tree damage to affect growth of branches and fruits, aggravates damage of diseases and pests, has too large construction amount, and can affect flower bud differentiation of trees by measures such as late harvesting to form fruiting in the year and the year.
In the prior art, the phenomena of the large and small years of citrus are mainly regulated by methods of mechanically thinning flowers and fruits or spraying a plant growth regulator and the like, so that mechanical damage and adverse effects on fruits, vegetables and the like are easily caused, or hormones in the plant growth regulator influence the growth of the fruits or the fruit.
Therefore, how to provide a method for reducing or overcoming the years of citrus is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for solving the problem of the old and the small years of citrus by managing the citrus at each period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for solving the problem of old and small years of citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) flower thinning: thinning abnormal flowers and dense leafless flowers in the flower bud differentiation period of the citrus, and spraying a thinning agent at the same time;
(2) thinning fruits: the vegetables and fruits are carried out twice, the first time is carried out in the last ten days of May to remove dense abnormal fruits with poor development, the second time is carried out in the last ten days of July to remove dense young fruits, insect-infected fruits and mechanically damaged fruits, and the fruits are uniformly distributed;
(3) trimming: selecting relatively strong branches for soft shearing, and shearing shading branches and insect-infected branches to balance tree vigor;
(4) fertilizing: spraying the tree and the citrus leaf surface, and applying organic fertilizer again in the deep ploughing and fertilizing process.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of the large and small years of the citrus, the flower thinning agent in the step (1) consists of a plant growth regulator and a plant nutrition regulator in a volume ratio of 1: 2-2.5.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the plant nutrient regulator is used for regulating the reasonable utilization of C, H, O in the air by the plants through leaves, controlling the N element, protecting the boron element and promoting the absorption of the element, thereby achieving the effects of controlling vigorous growth, promoting flowering, protecting fruits, preventing freezing, improving the sugar content of fruits and the like.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of citrus old and small years, the plant growth regulator is a mixed solution of 0.8mg/L IAA aqueous solution and 0.5mg/L NAA aqueous solution.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the combination mode of the plant growth regulator can better promote the growth of the citrus compared with a single IAA aqueous solution or a single NAA aqueous solution.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of the large and small years of citrus, the concentration of the plant nutrition regulator is 100-120mg/L, and the plant nutrition regulator is a flower and fruit full plant nutrition regulator of Shanxi Runking crop science, Inc.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the flower and fruit full plant nutrition regulator does not contain hormone, and the main components are prepared by scientifically matching pollen essence extracted from natural plants and a plurality of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, molybdenum and the like.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of the big and small years of citrus, in the step (2), for trees with weak tree vigor and serious fruit bearing every other year, branches with larger roots are selected to dredge all fruits, and the main branches and the auxiliary main branches are subjected to alternate fruit bearing; and performing conventional management on the trees with lighter fruiting every year.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the branches after thinning fruits are more in summer shoot emergence, and the growing rich summer shoots are also the mother branches bearing fruits in the next year, so that the accumulation of nutrition of the branches is facilitated, and the yield of fruits in the next year is increased.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problems of the large and small years of the citrus, in the step (3), for the fruit bearing trees of the large years, the trimming in winter mainly comprises light shearing, dry and dead branches, dense and weak branches, aged branches and insect-disease branches are cut off, and nutrient branches and flower and fruit dropping branches are reserved; for the fruiter trees of the young, heavy pruning is mainly used in winter, more dense and sparse branches are weak, partial branch groups are retracted, and the tree vigor is balanced by using the thinning and the interception simultaneously.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the pruning must be carried out on the basis of vegetables and fruits, and the pruning effect can be obvious, thereby achieving the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of citrus old and young, the tree is drenched by using urea in the step (4), and the leaf surface is sprayed by using polypeptide amino acid.
Preferably, in the method for solving the problem of the large and small years of citrus, nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in the step (4) when the citrus bearing fruits in the large years, and the using amount is 30% more than the conventional using amount; when bearing fruit in the young, the usage amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30 percent less than that of the conventional usage amount, and the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are additionally applied.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for solving the problem of annual growth of the citrus by the combination of flower thinning, fruit thinning, trimming and fertilization is provided, the annual yield of the citrus is effectively controlled, the citrus yield floating phenomenon caused by the annual growth phenomenon is reduced, and the income level of fruit growers is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for solving the problem of the old and the small years of oranges, which comprises the following steps:
(1) flower thinning: thinning abnormal flowers and dense leafless flowers in the flower bud differentiation period of the citrus, and spraying a thinning agent at the same time;
(2) thinning fruits: the vegetables and fruits are carried out twice, the first time is carried out in the last ten days of May to remove dense abnormal fruits with poor development, the second time is carried out in the last ten days of July to remove dense young fruits, insect-infected fruits and mechanically damaged fruits, and the fruits are uniformly distributed;
(3) trimming: selecting relatively strong branches for soft shearing, and shearing shading branches and insect-infected branches to balance tree vigor;
(4) fertilizing: spraying the tree and the citrus leaf surface, and applying organic fertilizer again in the deep ploughing and fertilizing process.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the flower thinning agent in the step (1) consists of a plant growth regulator and a plant nutrition regulator with the volume ratio of 1: 2-2.5.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the plant growth regulator is a mixed solution of 0.8mg/L IAA aqueous solution and 0.5mg/L NAA aqueous solution.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the concentration of the plant nutrient regulator is 100-120 mg/L.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step (2), for trees with weak tree vigor and serious fruit bearing every other year, branches with larger tree roots are selected to dredge all fruits, and alternate results are carried out on the main branches and the auxiliary main branches; and performing conventional management on the trees with lighter fruiting every year.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step (3), for the perennial fruit bearing trees, the winter pruning mainly comprises light pruning, dry and dead branches, dense and weak branches, aged branches and insect-disease branches are pruned, and nutrient branches and flower and fruit dropping branches are reserved; for the fruiter trees of the young, heavy pruning is mainly used in winter, more dense and sparse branches are weak, partial branch groups are retracted, and the tree vigor is balanced by using the thinning and the interception simultaneously.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, urea is used for tree spraying in the step (4), and polypeptide amino acid is used for foliar spraying.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step (4), nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in the process of fruiting for years, and the using amount is 30% more than the conventional using amount; when bearing fruit in the young, the usage amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30 percent less than that of the conventional usage amount, and the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are additionally applied.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for solving the problem of the old and the small years of citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) flower thinning: thinning abnormal flowers and dense leafless flowers in the flower bud differentiation period of the citrus, and spraying a thinning agent at the same time;
(2) thinning fruits: the vegetables and fruits are carried out twice, the first time is carried out in the last ten days of May to remove dense abnormal fruits with poor development, the second time is carried out in the last ten days of July to remove dense young fruits, insect-infected fruits and mechanically damaged fruits, and the fruits are uniformly distributed;
(3) trimming: selecting relatively strong branches for soft shearing, and shearing shading branches and insect-infected branches to balance tree vigor;
(4) fertilizing: spraying the tree and the citrus leaf surface, and applying organic fertilizer again in the deep ploughing and fertilizing process.
2. A method for solving the problem of citrus old and young according to claim 1, wherein the flower thinning agent in the step (1) is composed of a plant growth regulator and a plant nutrition regulator in a volume ratio of 1: 2-2.5.
3. A method of solving the problem of citrus growth according to claim 2, wherein the plant growth regulator is a mixed solution of 0.8mg/L IAA in water and 0.5mg/L NAA in water.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the concentration of the plant nutrient regulator is 100-120 mg/L.
5. The method for solving the problem of citrus fruit bearing years according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), for the trees with weak tree vigor and serious bearing years, branches with larger roots are selected to dredge all fruits, and the main branches and the auxiliary main branches are subjected to alternate bearing; and performing conventional management on the trees with lighter fruiting every year.
6. The method for solving the problems of the large and small years of citrus in the claim 1, wherein in the step (3), for the fruit bearing trees of the large years, the winter pruning is mainly light pruning, dry and dead branches, dense and weak branches, aged branches and insect-infected branches are pruned, and nutrition branches and flower and fruit dropping branches are reserved; for the fruiter trees of the young, heavy pruning is mainly used in winter, more dense and sparse branches are weak, partial branch groups are retracted, and the tree vigor is balanced by using the thinning and the interception simultaneously.
7. The method for solving the problem of citrus old and young as claimed in claim 1, wherein urea is used for tree spraying in the step (4), and polypeptide amino acid is used for foliar spraying.
8. The method for solving the problem of citrus dating according to claim 1, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in the step (4) when the citrus fruit bearing is carried out for a long time, and the using amount is 30% more than the conventional using amount; when bearing fruit in the young, the usage amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30 percent less than that of the conventional usage amount, and the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are additionally applied.
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| CN201911063668.XA CN110692421A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Method for solving problems of old and young oranges |
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| CN201911063668.XA CN110692421A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Method for solving problems of old and young oranges |
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Citations (5)
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| CN106348864A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 眉山市三峰农业技术服务有限公司 | Method for solving alternating bearing of citrus |
| CN106982661A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of flower and fruit thinning method of citrus |
| CN107371950A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 佛山市幻实科技有限公司 | The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree |
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- 2019-11-01 CN CN201911063668.XA patent/CN110692421A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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| CN106348864A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 眉山市三峰农业技术服务有限公司 | Method for solving alternating bearing of citrus |
| CN106982661A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of flower and fruit thinning method of citrus |
| CN107371950A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 佛山市幻实科技有限公司 | The plantation breeding method of kumquat tree |
| CN107683740A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-13 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of rush citrus puts the method for autumn slightly |
| CN108605635A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A method of overcoming persimmon biennial bearing |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |