CN107364338B - 车辆的后退速度限制装置 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明提供车辆的后退速度限制装置。在由于制动踏板的踩踏使车辆减速的状态下在坡道上后退而进行下坡时,即使开放制动踏板也不产生瞬间的加速。如果检测到变速杆设置于倒档,则根据实际车速与目标车速的差值计算目标减速度(S21),对该目标减速度进行一次延迟的滤波时间常数处理而计算最终目标减速度(S22),计算为了成为该最终目标减速度而使主制动器(26a)进行制动动作所需要的制动液压的设定液压(指示液压)(S23,S26,S27),将与该指示液压对应的驱动信号发送到制动驱动部(12),使主制动器(26a)进行制动动作。由于在踩踏制动踏板的状态下指示液压也不被取消,因此即使开放制动踏板也不会产生瞬间的加速。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在将变速杆设置于倒档时,以设定好的限速使车辆后退的车辆的后退速度限制装置。
背景技术
以往,已知一种搭载有后退速度限制装置的车辆,在停车场使所述车辆后退并停车时,驾驶员不踩踏加速踏板,而是该后退速度限制装置以预设的限速使车辆后退。另外,该后退速度限制装置也用作为防止在车辆后退行驶时驾驶员想要踩踏制动踏板但弄错了反而踩踏了加速踏板情况下的车辆急窜的功能。
例如,在专利文献1(日本特开2013-1296号公报)中公开了如下技术:驾驶员将变速杆设置于倒档(R)之后,将制动开关从ON(踩踏制动踏板)切换到了OFF(开放制动踏板)的情况下,将后退速度限制在设定速度(10[Km/h]左右)直到经过预定时间为止。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2013-1296号公报
发明内容
技术问题
后退速度限制装置中的后退速度的控制通过转矩控制和制动控制进行。即,在后退速度低于设定速度时,利用由发动机控制和变速控制进行的转矩控制来进行加速,另外,在后退速度高于设定速度时,利用制动控制进行减速而维持设定车速。
另外,驾驶员在感觉到以设定速度后退的车辆速度较快的情况下,踩踏制动踏板而进行减速。如上述文献所记载,如果驾驶员踩踏制动踏板,则后退速度限制暂时被解除,其后,如果驾驶员开放制动踏板,则再次执行后退速度限制。
但是,即使后退速度限制装置检查到制动踏板的开放,到后退速度限制实际上再次开始为止也存在一定的时间滞后。因此,例如在坡道上后退时,在驾驶员踩踏制动踏板而暂时减速之后,如果开放制动踏板,则在直到后退速度控制再次开始为止的时间滞后中,存在驾驶员瞬间感觉到加速感的问题。
本发明鉴于上述情况,目的在于提供一种车辆的后退速度限制装置,其在通过制动踏板的踩踏使车辆在减速了的状态下后退之后,即使开放制动踏板也能够立即限制后退速度,即使处于在坡道上后退且下坡的状态,也不会使驾驶员感觉到瞬间的加速感,能够获得稳定的控制性。
技术方案
本发明提供一种车辆的后退速度限制装置,具备:制动操作检测机构,其检测由驾驶员进行的制动操作;液压检测机构,其检测由于制动踏板的踩踏而产生的制动液压;选择位置检测机构,其检测变速杆的被设置的档位位置;车速检测机构,其检测本车辆的实际车速;制动驱动机构,其根据所设定的指示液压使主制动器进行制动动作;限速设定机构,其设定后退行驶时的限速;以及后退速度限制机构,在由上述选择位置检测机构检测到上述变速杆设置于倒档的状态的情况下,执行转矩控制和制动控制,以使得由上述车速检测机构检测到的实际车速维持在由上述限速设定机构设定的限速,在由上述车速检测机构检测到的实际车速高于由上述限速设定机构设定的限速的情况下,上述后退速度限制机构以使上述实际车速收敛于限速的方式调整对于上述制动驱动机构的上述指示液压,即使在由上述液压检测机构检测到的上述制动液压比上述指示液压高的情况下,也不取消上述指示液压。
发明效果
根据本发明,在后退行驶时,由于即使在驾驶员踩踏制动踏板而使车辆减速时,也不取消用于使车速收敛于限速的指示液压,所以在此后驾驶员开放了制动踏板时,能够立即限制后退速度。其结果,即使在坡道后退而进行下坡的状态下也不会使驾驶员感觉到瞬间的加速感,能够获得稳定的控制性。
附图说明
图1是搭载后退速度限制装置的车辆的示意图。
图2是后退速度限制装置的构成图。
图3是表示后退速度限制处理例程的流程图。
图4是表示目标转矩计算处理子例程的流程图。
图5是表示指示液压计算处理子例程的流程图。
图6是表示在后退行驶时设定的指示液压与由于制动踏板的踩踏而产生的制动液压之间的关系的时序图。
符号说明
1:本车辆
5:发动机
6:电子控制节流阀
7:自动变速器
8:变速控制部
11:后退速度限制部
12:制动驱动部
16:后退限速选择开关
17:选择位置传感器
18:车速传感器
19:前后G传感器
20:加速器开度传感器
21:制动开关
26:主制动致动器
26a:主制动器
22:制动液压传感器
23:实际转矩检测机构
θ:路面坡度
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图说明本发明的一个实施方式。图1的符号1是车辆(本车辆),在图中示出驱动左右前轮1a、左右后轮1b的四轮驱动车。另外,在搭载于本车辆1的发动机5的进气系统设有电子控制节流阀6,该电子控制节流阀6的节流阀阀门6a被形成得通过节流阀致动器6b自如开闭。另外,在该发动机5的输出侧连设有自动变速器7。该自动变速器7例如由转矩转换器和变速器(无级变速器、多级变速器等)构成,且其将发动机5的输出变速为预定输出并传递到驱动轮1a、1b。另外,设置于该自动变速器7的变速器根据来自变速控制部8的驱动信号进行变速动作。
此外,在本车辆1设有限制后退行驶时的速度的、作为后退速度限制机构的后退速度限制部11。该后退速度限制部11以具备CPU、ROM、RAM等的公知的微计算机为主体而构成,在ROM存储有用于实现预设的动作的控制程序和/或各种表等固定数据。
在该后退速度限制部11的输入侧连接有在控制本车辆1进行后退行驶时的限速时所必须的各种传感器/开关类,这些传感器/开关类包括:后退限速选择开关16,其作为限速设定机构,设置于未图示的驾驶员座位,允许驾驶员设定后退行驶时的限速;选择位置传感器17,其作为选择位置检测机构,检测驾驶员设置的变速杆的档位位置;车速传感器18,其作为车速检测机构,检测本车辆1的车速(实际车速);前后加速度传感器(前后G传感器)19,其根据本车辆1的前后方向的加速度G计测行驶路面的坡度(路面坡度)θ;加速器开度传感器20,其根据加速踏板的踩踏量检测加速器开度;制动开关21,其作为制动操作检测机构,检测制动踏板的踩踏而输出ON信号;制动液压传感器22,其作为液压检测机构,检测主缸的制动液压;实际转矩检测机构23,其检测发动机5的实际的转矩(实际发动机转矩),等等。
应予说明,后退限速选择开关16是驾驶员能够选择进行后退行驶时的限速(后退限速)的外部开关,例如具有低速、中速、高速、OFF(关闭)这4个级别,在选择了OFF时,不设定限速。另外,低速预设为10[Km/h],中速预设为15[Km/h],高速预设为20[Km/h]等。另外,在本实施方式中,实际转矩检测机构23基于发动机转速和表示吸入空气量等发动机负荷的参数,通过映射参照等求出实际发动机转矩。
另外,在后退速度限制部11的输出侧连接有节流阀致动器6b、变速控制部8、作为制动驱动机构的制动驱动部12。进而,该制动驱动部12使主制动致动器26动作,该主制动致动器26使从设置于制动驱动部12的液压控制单元(HCU)供给的制动液压增减,调整针对设置于各驱动轮1a、1b的盘式制动器等主制动器26a的制动力。应予说明,该主制动器26a利用由驾驶员进行的足踏制动操作产生的主缸的制动液压也能够获得所希望的制动力。
后退速度限制部11在驾驶员操作后退限速选择开关16而选择了后退限速的情况下,基于由各种传感器/开关类检测到的参数,向电子控制节流阀6的节流阀致动器6b、变速控制部8以及制动驱动部12输出驱动信号,以本车辆1后退时的车速维持在限速的方式进行控制。
由后退速度限制部11进行的后退行驶时的后退速度的限制处理按照图3所示的后退速度限制处理例程进行。
在该例程中,首先,在步骤S1中,读取由各种传感器/开关类检测到的各种参数。其后,进入步骤S2,基于来自选择位置传感器17的信号,检查变速杆是否设置于R档。然后,在设置于R档的情况下,进入步骤S3,另外,在设置于R档以外的档位的情况下,跳转到步骤S4。
如果进入步骤S3,则基于来自驾驶员操作的后退限速选择开关16的信号,检查是否选择了后退限速。然后,在后退限速为OFF的情况下进入步骤S4,另外,在设定有后退限速的情况下进入步骤S5。
如果进入步骤S4,则解除后退速度限制,退出例程。因此,此时,即使变速杆被设置于R档,后退速度也成为与驾驶员的加速踏板的踩踏量或者制动踏板的踩踏对应的速度,另外,释放加速踏板时成为慢行速度(Creep speed)。
另一方面,如果从步骤S3进入步骤S5,则操作后退限速选择开关16而将驾驶员选择的后退限速(低速、中速、高速)设定为目标车速,检查由车速传感器18检测到的实际车速与目标车速的差值是否收敛在预设的允许速度差±α内。然后,在差值收敛在允许速度差±α的情况下(|实际车速-目标车速|≤允许速度差),退出例程,维持当前的控制。
另一方面,在上述的差值处于允许速度差±α外的情况下,进入步骤S6,比较实际车速与目标车速。然后,在实际车速低于目标车速的情况下(实际车速<目标车速),进入步骤S7,执行通过目标转矩计算处理进行的转矩控制并退出例程。另一方面,在实际车速高于目标车速的情况下(实际车速>目标车速),分支到步骤S8,执行通过指示液压计算处理进行的制动控制并退出例程。
上述步骤S7中的目标转矩计算处理按照图4所示的目标转矩计算处理子例程执行。另外,步骤S8中的指示液压计算处理按照图5所示的指示液压计算处理子例程执行。
首先,对目标转矩计算处理子例程进行说明。在该子例程中,首先,在步骤S11中,检查制动开关21是否为ON(打开),在ON的情况下,由于驾驶员优先,所以不设定目标转矩,退出例程。因此,此时,利用通过驾驶员踩踏制动踏板而产生的制动液压所引起的主制动器26a的制动动作进行减速。
另一方面,在制动开关21为OFF(关闭)的情况下,进入步骤S12,对实际车速与目标车速的差值进行时间微分,计算用于使本车速收敛到目标车速的目标加速度。接着,在步骤S13中,基于由前后G传感器19计测的路面坡度(平地、上坡坡度、下坡坡度)θ,设定一次延迟的滤波时间常数,使该滤波时间常数与目标加速度相乘而计算最终的目标加速度(最终目标加速度),进入步骤S14。
在步骤S14中,基于最终目标加速度与自动变速器7的变速比计算目标转矩。然后,进入步骤S15,根据实际发动机转矩与目标转矩的差值求出转矩变化量,检查该转矩变化量是否处于预设的限界值以内,所述实际发动机转矩是基于发动机转速和吸入空气量等检测发动机负荷的参数求出的。
然后,在转矩变化量超过限界值的情况下,向步骤S16分支,为了防止转矩的急剧变动,执行将实际发动机转矩加上限界值而设定为此次的目标转矩等的限界处理,进入步骤S17。另外,在步骤S15中,在判定为目标转矩的变化量在限界以内时,跳转到步骤S17。然后,如果进入步骤S17,则输出与目标转矩对应的驱动信号并退出例程。
后退速度限制部11基于目标转矩设定目标节流阀开度,基于该目标节流阀开度使电子控制节流阀6的节流阀致动器6b驱动,使节流阀阀门6a进行转动动作,以使实际发动机转矩收敛到目标转矩的方式进行反馈控制。
进而,后退速度限制部11在自动变速器为无级变速器(CVT)的情况下,基于目标转矩和后退限速设定初级带轮的目标转速,将初级带轮的转速会成为目标转速的变速比输出到变速控制部8,控制自动变速器7的变速比。
另一方面,在图5所示的指示液压计算处理子例程中,首先,在步骤S21中,对实际车速与目标车速的差值进行时间微分,计算用于使本车速收敛到目标车速的目标减速度。
接着,进入步骤S22,基于由前后G传感器19测得的路面坡度θ,设定一次延迟的滤波时间常数,使该滤波时间常数与目标减速度相乘而计算最终的目标减速度(最终目标减速度),进入步骤S23。
在步骤S23中,计算为了使本车辆1的减速度成为最终目标减速度而使主制动器26a进行制动动作所需要的制动液压的设定液压,并进入步骤S24。如果进入步骤S24,则根据制动开关21的信号检查驾驶员是否踩踏制动踏板,在踩踏ON的制动踏板的情况下进入步骤S25,另外,在开放OFF的制动踏板的情况下向步骤S26分支。
在步骤S25中,对主缸内的制动液压(称为“Dr液压”)与设定液压进行比较,该主缸内的制动液压是由制动液压传感器22检测到的、因制动踏板的踩踏而产生的。然后,在Dr液压小于设定液压的情况下(Dr液压<设定液压),向步骤S26分支,另外,在Dr液压为设定液压以上的情况下(Dr液压≥设定液压),进入步骤S27。
如果从步骤S24或者步骤S25进入步骤S26,则将设定液压设定为指示液压(指示液压←设定液压),并进入步骤S28。另一方面,如果进入步骤S27,则与步骤S26同样地将设定液压设定为指示液压(指示液压←设定液压),并进入步骤S28。在步骤S28中,输出在步骤S26或者步骤S27中设定的指示液压并退出例程。
然后,后退速度限制部11将与指示液压对应的驱动信号发送到制动驱动部12。这样,制动驱动部12介由主制动致动器26使主制动器26a进行制动动作,使本车辆1的车速按预定进行减速。
另外,在上述的步骤S27的处理中,即使在驾驶员踩踏制动踏板时产生的Dr液压高于设定液压的情况下,也像以往那样,不取消设定液压,而是与步骤S26同样地将该设定液压设定为指示液压而使主制动器26a进行制动动作。因此,即使在驾驶员踩踏制动踏板的状态下,也不减小设定液压而继续维持。
因此,如图6所示,即使此后例如在实际车速仍然比目标车速高而没有收敛到目标车速的状态下驾驶员开放制动踏板(制动开关21为OFF)、由此Dr液压消耗,设定液压也继续。其结果,例如驾驶员踩踏制动踏板进行减速的同时在如图1所示的路面坡度θ的行驶路面后退而下坡时,即使开放制动踏板,也不会有制动液压瞬间消失而本车辆1以超过(目标车速+α)的方式进行加速这一情况,而能够在驾驶员所选择的限速的范围进行后退。
然而,如上所述,在步骤S27中,与步骤S26同样地将在步骤S23中算出的设定液压设为指示液压,因此也可以省略步骤S24~S26的处理,从步骤S23直接进入步骤S27。或者,也可以将在步骤S27中设定的指示液压设定为与在步骤S26设定的指示液压不同的值。
这样,在本实施方式中,在将变速杆设置于R档,使本车辆1后退而在坡道下坡时,即使驾驶员踩踏制动踏板进行减速,由于维持作为目标车速而设定的限速的设定液压也继续保持,所以即使驾驶员开放制动踏板,也不会感觉到瞬间的加速感,能够获得稳定的控制性。其结果,驾驶员在后退行驶时,能够在没有意识到制动液压的消失的情况下进行细致的制动操作,能够获得良好的制动操作性。
应予说明,本发明不限于上述实施方式,例如,实际发动机转矩也可以利用转矩传感器直接进行检测。
Claims (1)
1.车辆的后退速度限制装置,其特征在于,具备:
制动操作检测机构,其检测由驾驶员进行的制动操作;
液压检测机构,其检测由于制动踏板的踩踏而在主制动器中产生的制动液压;
选择位置检测机构,其检测变速杆被设置的档位;
车速检测机构,其检测本车辆的实际车速;
制动驱动机构,其根据所设定的指示液压使所述主制动器进行制动动作;
限速设定机构,其设定后退行驶时的限速;以及
后退速度限制机构,在由所述选择位置检测机构检测到所述变速杆被设置于倒档的状态的情况下,执行转矩控制和制动控制,以使得由所述车速检测机构检测到的实际车速维持在由所述限速设定机构设定的限速,
在由所述车速检测机构检测到的实际车速高于由所述限速设定机构设定的限速的情况下,所述后退速度限制机构以使所述实际车速收敛于限速的方式调整对于所述制动驱动机构的所述指示液压,即使在由所述液压检测机构检测到的所述制动液压比所述指示液压高的情况下,也维持所述指示液压。
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