CN107347414A - The method of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch - Google Patents
The method of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347414A CN107347414A CN201710698657.3A CN201710698657A CN107347414A CN 107347414 A CN107347414 A CN 107347414A CN 201710698657 A CN201710698657 A CN 201710698657A CN 107347414 A CN107347414 A CN 107347414A
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- milk vetch
- irrigation
- drip irrigation
- prairie milk
- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
A kind of method of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch, belongs to saline-alkali land vegetation construction technique field, including ridging, sows, salt-water regulation and field management, comprise the following steps：A, ridging：Soil is subjected to ridging, it is 30 35cm to control the spacing between adjacent ridge body, ridge face is carried out after ridging smooth and breaks hardened processing；B, sow：Drip irrigation zone is equipped with the face of ridge, row broadcasts prairie milk vetch seed at the 10cm of drip irrigation zone both sides；C, salt-water regulation：After planting, 35 days lasting drip irrigations are carried out to pour water, then control soil water matrix potential then to control soil water matrix potential in more than 20kPa in more than 5kPa 40 50 days；D, field management：Carry out weeding, disease and pest control, fertilizer irrigation.The present invention improves prairie milk vetch emergence rate and yield, solves the problems, such as that arid area shallow groundwater table alkaline land soil degree of salinity is high, level of ground water is high, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil and vegetation are not easy to survive, upgrowth situation difference.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to saline-alkali land vegetation construction technique field, and in particular to a kind of arid area shallow groundwater table severe salt
Alkali drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch method.
Background technology
The saline-alkali wetland of northwest arid area irrigation areas marginal existence large area, because underground water buried depth is shallow, and underground
Water is mostly salt and low-salt water, and its soil salinization degree is high, and in addition to the salt tolerant vegetation growths such as a small amount of sparse alkali wormwood artemisia, conventional vegetation is difficult
It is extremely difficult with survival, ecology fragility, Vegetation Construction.As continuing to increase for national ecological construction dynamics, salt-soda soil etc. are degenerated
The revegetation in soil turns into the important directions of ecological construction.But on saline-alkali wetland, because geographic and geomorphic conditions are unfavorable for
Draining, traditional Vegetation Construction method can not solve the problems, such as salt discharge and the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil well, and one side forestation planting grass is not easy
Surviving, another aspect vegetation growth status is poor, has not both reached the requirement of ecological recovery and can not produce certain economic value,
It is easily trapped into the awkward situation of high investment poor benefit.
Prairie milk vetch as it is a kind of check winds and fix drifting sand, the high-quality feed plant that resistance is stronger, its ecology of alkali saline land recovery in
With significant advantage.But plantation prairie milk vetch survival rate is low on the existing salt-soda soil shallow in arid area underground water buried depth,
Ecological sustainability construction difficult to realize, therefore research has important meaning to the sustainability of ecology of alkali saline land vulnerable areas ecological construction
Justice.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of heavy salinized ground plantation sand shallow in arid area underground water buried depth to beat
Prosperous method.This method relatively reduces level of ground water by playing high ridge, and combines growing for prairie milk vetch, control drop
The soil water matrix potential of 20cm depths carries out salt-water regulation by stages in different threshold values immediately below head, formed below in water dropper
One high-moisture less salt subregion constantly increased, taken root for prairie milk vetch budding and the expansion of root system provides a good soil
Environment；And prairie milk vetch whole breeding time higher soil water potential gradient is maintained so that soil water-stable aggregates totally move downward, and suppress
Salinity is from lower soil or underground water to upper strata soil mobility, so as to the purpose for reaching leaching salt, controlling salt.
The present invention is to realize that the technical scheme that its purpose uses is：
A kind of method of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch, including ridging, sowing, water
Salt regulates and controls and field management, comprises the following steps：
A, ridging：Soil is subjected to ridging, it is 30-35cm to control the spacing between adjacent ridge body, and ridge face is carried out after ridging
Smooth and broken hardened processing；
B, sow：Drip irrigation zone is equipped with the face of ridge, row broadcasts prairie milk vetch seed at the 10cm of drip irrigation zone both sides, by prairie milk vetch seed
Sowed after being mixed with fine sand, application rate 3.7-3.8kg/hm2；Further, three drip irrigation zones, drip irrigation interband are laid in ridge face
Away from 50cm, water dropper spacing 30cm, as shown in Figure 1, both sides drip irrigation zone is apart from ridge shoulder 25cm for paving location；Further, row is broadcast
It is preceding that seed and prairie milk vetch seed fine sand of the same size are pressed 1:5 volumes mix, close for reducing prairie milk vetch seed by adding fine sand
Degree, improves the sowing uniformity, and the ratio is us determined by after a series of analysis and exploration, less than the ratio due to
Prairie milk vetch seed is extremely tiny, easily causes uneven sowing even, and more than the ratio, prairie milk vetch seed is excessively sparse, influences the later stage and survives
Rate, seed level 2cm, suppressed after broadcasting.
C, salt-water regulation：After planting, carry out 3-5 days lasting drip irrigations to pour water, i.e. prairie milk vetch row is poured water 40mm immediately after broadcasting, mesh
Be rapidly in the region of a water dropper high-moisture low salt formed below, it is good for the offer one of rooting of prairie milk vetch
Micro- soil environment, then control soil water matrix potential 40 days more than -5kPa, it is therefore an objective to further elution ridge body in salt
Point, the soil environment of a larger high-moisture low salt is provided for prairie milk vetch root expansion, then controls soil water matrix potential
More than -20kPa, it is therefore an objective to by maintaining higher, downward soil water potential gradient, control soil salt from lower soil or
Underground water is migrated to upper layer of soil, the soil environment of a bigger high-moisture low salt is provided for prairie milk vetch growth, together
When reach leaching salt, control salt purpose；
D, field management：Weeding, disease and pest control, fertilizer irrigation are carried out, annual breeding time beginning and end is carried out respectively
Spring irrigation and winter irrigation.
In step A, a height of 80cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 300cm, ridge face width 150cm of ridge body obtained by ridging.
In step C, the control soil water matrix potential includes more than -5kPa, immediately below water dropper on drip irrigation belt at 20cm
Soil water matrix potential lower limit is monitored with depressimeter, is irrigated immediately when the soil water matrix potential of the depth is reduced to -5kPa,
Each irrigation quantity is 10mm, 40 days duration；The control soil water matrix potential includes more than -20kPa, is dripped in drip irrigation zone
Soil water matrix potential lower limit is monitored with depressimeter at 20cm immediately below head, when the soil water matrix potential of the depth is reduced to -20kPa
When irrigated immediately, each irrigation quantity is 10mm, after irrigation, observe depressimeter reading, if soil water matrix potential not rise
Height arrives -10kPa, then irrigates 10mm, repeats the above steps, until the soil water matrix potential of the depth is increased to -10kPa, it is complete
Irrigated into current.
In prairie milk vetch growth and development stage, by the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, salt-water regulation drip irrigation fertigation is utilized.By speed
The fertilizer such as dissolubility urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied by drip irrigation system with irrigation water, and annual fertilising is generally divided into three times, for the first time
For in after spring irrigation 1 week, second of fertilising is cradled in latter 2 weeks for first time, third time fertilising is cradles in latter 2 weeks for the second time, often
Secondary dose is urea 7.3g/m2, the amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 5.9g/m2。
Also include the grass-cutting treatment to prairie milk vetch in step D field management, cradle every year twice, carrying out irrigation after cradling applies
Fertilizer.
In step D, the irrigation quantity of spring irrigation and winter irrigation is 40mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention has reached leaching salt, has controlled the purpose of salt by the method that drip irrigation salt-water regulation and ridging are combined stage by stage,
And prairie milk vetch emergence rate and yield are improved, solve arid area shallow groundwater table salt-soda soil, soil salinization degree is high,
The problem of lower water level is high, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil and vegetation are not easy to survive, upgrowth situation difference.The present invention formulates according to prairie milk vetch growth characteristics
Salt-water regulation irrigation program stage by stage, innovation and practicality is strong, and cost is low, simple to operate, easy to spread, is arid area
The effective ways of lower water shallow embedding heavy salinized ground Vegetation Construction.When carrying out experiment and demonstration in salt-soda soil with the present invention, prairie milk vetch
Survival rate significantly improves and well-grown, achieves preferable economic benefit.By 3 years observation experiments, after the present invention
For low-lying heavy salinized ground vegetation cover degree up to 75% or so, Second Year prairie milk vetch dry matter production reaches 4000kg/hm2More than, no matter
It is that ecological improved effect or economic benefit are notable, has broad application prospects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plantation schematic diagram of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, 1 represents drip irrigation zone, and 2 represent prairie milk vetch, and 3 represent depressimeter, and 4 represent ridge body, and 5 represent ridge face, and 6 represent
Ridge bottom.
Embodiment
Drip irrigation is as a kind of efficient irrigation method, its low discharge, long-time, high-frequency feature, irrigation water during beginning
In the form of the diffusion of water source by the salt leaching in soil to plant roots area distribution beyond, under high frequency irrigation conditions,
Soil moisture can keep the trend of a Continued downward motion, and soil salt constantly moves downward with moisture, so as to reach leaching
Salt, the purpose for controlling salt.In shallow groundwater table area, play high ridge and play relative reduction level of ground water.With reference to specific
The present invention is further illustrated for embodiment.
2015-2017 of the present invention is in the new forest farm northwest ecology of alkali saline land of Wuzhong City Qingtongxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region city tree
Recover to have carried out experiment on the saline-alkali wasteland on key technology research and Demonstration Base (38 ° 1 ' 44 " N, 105 ° 56 ' 36 " E) to show
Model, it was demonstrated that significant effect of the present invention.
Experiment and demonstration base is located in Northwest inland, the area that crosses of east monsoon region and In China West Arid Land domain, temperate zone in category
Continental climate, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, day and night temperature is big, annual sunshine 2955h, 8.3-8.6 DEG C Celsius of average temperature of the whole year, frost-free period
176d, annual precipitation 260.7mm.Experiment and demonstration base physical features is low flat, is located in Yellow River irrigation edge, underground water buried depth is in 120-
150cm, salinity aggregation is obvious, and earth's surface has salt efflorescence or skinning.0-120cm soil basis physicochemical property is as shown in table 1, and soil is average
Salt content is 1.26 ‰, and it 8.04 is severe salinized soil that average pH, which is,.Irrigation water is Huanghe water, and its salinity is 0.47g/L, and pH is
7.95。
The Ningxia Qingtongxia demonstration area 0-120cm soil total salts of table 1 and pH
Prairie milk vetch planting experiment was carried out on experiment and demonstration base using the present invention in 2015, it tests arrangement and result such as
Under：
Experiment ridging size is ridge bottom width 300cm, the high 80cm in ridge, ridge face width 150cm, body big I root in ridge during practical application
It is adjusted according to actual conditions such as underground water buried depth, the soil textures.Manually ridge body is made real after ridging, ridge face is smooth and abolishes plate
Knot.Ridge face equally 3 drip irrigation zones of laying, drip irrigation zone spacing 50cm, water dropper spacing 30cm, the dripping end flow under 10m head pressures
For 1.38L/h.Prairie milk vetch trench digging row is sowed at drip irrigation zone both sides 10cm or so after the laying of drip irrigation zone, and row is broadcast with seed amount 3.75kg/
hm2, go seed and fine sand before broadcasting by 1:5 volumes mix, and improve the sowing uniformity, seed level 2cm, are suppressed after broadcasting.
Prairie milk vetch after planting carries out irrigation management using three stage salt-water regulation methods.In by the end of May, 2015 prairie milk vetch row broadcast
Pour water 40mm immediately afterwards, it is therefore an objective to is rooted for prairie milk vetch and provides suitable low-salt environment.The reinforcing elution stage terminates laggard
Enter conventional salt leaching, 20cm deep soil water-based gesture is in -5kPa immediately below this stage control water dropper, when soil water-based
Gesture is poured water 10mm immediately when being reduced to -5kPa, and the duration is 45 days, irrigation quantity 350mm.The conventional salt leaching stage terminates
Enter the accurate salt-water regulation stage afterwards, the control of 20cm deep soil water-baseds gesture is in -20kPa immediately below water dropper, when soil is water base
Matter gesture is irrigated immediately when being reduced to -20kPa, and an irrigation quantity is 10mm, is repeatedly irrigated, until on soil water matrix potential
It is raised to -10kPa to stop irrigating, general irrigation frequency is 1-2 times, i.e., accurate salt-water regulation stage each irrigation quantity is 10-20mm.
Irrigated always according to the irrigation method of phase III afterwards.First Year irrigation quantity is 80mm, and Second Year irrigation quantity is
330mm.The inventive method makes plant roots area form fade area, ensures the normal growth of plant.It is high to solve sodium ions content
The problem of soil texture is by destroying after saline-alkali soil elution, while salinity is eluted, can keep the good soil of soil
Structure, good growing environment is provided for plant.
In addition, annual breeding time beginning and end carries out a spring irrigation and winter irrigation, irrigation quantity is unified for 40mm, after spring irrigation
With cradle after carry out fertigation irrigation, each dose presses urea 7.3g/m2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5.9g/m2Carry out.
By application of the present invention on the heavy salinized ground in above Water in Shallow Groundwater Areas, First Year just achieves preferable effect
Fruit, prairie milk vetch goes out full stand, and grows vigorous.Terminate to First Year breeding time, 0-120cm soil salts are reduced significantly, by original
12.6 ‰ be reduced to 7.1 ‰, trial zone prairie milk vetch vegetation cover degree reaches more than 60%.Second Year 0-120cm soil salt bases
Originally 7 ‰ or so are maintained, terminates no significant changes compared with First Year；Second Year August prairie milk vetch individual plant is up to 80cm, integrally covers
Cover degree reaches 75%, and prairie milk vetch Mowing Two times total solids yield is 4000kg/hm2.In July, the 3rd, entirety coverage reached
75%.
Using the present invention, in the heavy salinized waste plantation and life for being successfully made prairie milk vetch on the ground in above-mentioned Water in Shallow Groundwater Areas
Production.The shallow groundwater table that there is large area northwest arid area has pending Vegetation Construction heavy salinizedly, and therefore, the present invention provides
Prairie milk vetch implantation methods there are significant ecological benefits, additionally it is possible to promote the development of local animal husbandry, have a extensive future.
The embodiment that the present invention enumerates is intended to further to illustrate arid area shallow groundwater table of the present invention heavy salinized
The implantation methods of ground drip irrigation prairie milk vetch, without forming any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch, including ridging, sowing, water salt
Regulation and control and field management, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, ridging：Soil is subjected to ridging, it is 30-35cm to control the spacing between adjacent ridge body, ridge face is carried out after ridging smooth
With broken hardened processing；
B, sow：Drip irrigation zone is equipped with the face of ridge, row broadcasts prairie milk vetch seed at the 10cm of drip irrigation zone both sides, by prairie milk vetch seed and carefully
Sowed after sand mixing, prairie milk vetch seed application rate 3.7-3.8kg/hm2；
C, salt-water regulation：After planting, 3-5 days lasting drip irrigations are carried out to pour water, then control soil water matrix potential more than -5kPa
40-50 days, soil water matrix potential was then controlled more than -20kPa；
D, field management：Weeding, disease and pest control, fertilizer irrigation are carried out, annual breeding time beginning and end carries out spring irrigation respectively
And winter irrigation.
A kind of 2. side of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step A, a height of 80cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 300cm, ridge face width 150cm of ridge body obtained by ridging.
A kind of 3. side of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step C, the control soil water matrix potential includes more than -5kPa, immediately below water dropper on drip irrigation belt
Soil water matrix potential lower limit is monitored with depressimeter at 20cm, is entered immediately when the soil water matrix potential of the depth is reduced to -5kPa
Row is irrigated, and each irrigation quantity is 10mm, 40 days duration；The control soil water matrix potential includes more than -20kPa,
Soil water matrix potential lower limit is monitored with depressimeter at 20cm immediately below water dropper on drip irrigation belt, when the soil water matrix potential of the depth reduces
To being irrigated immediately during -20kPa, each irrigation quantity is 10mm, after irrigation, depressimeter reading is observed, if soil water-based
Gesture is not increased to -10kPa, then irrigates 10mm, repeats the above steps, until the depth soil water matrix potential be increased to -
10kPa, complete current irrigate.
A kind of 4. side of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in prairie milk vetch growth and development stage, by the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, irrigated and applied using salt-water regulation drip irrigation
Fertilizer.
A kind of 5. side of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that also include the grass-cutting treatment to prairie milk vetch in step D field management, cradle twice, carried out after cradling every year
Fertigation.
A kind of 6. side of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation plantation prairie milk vetch according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that in step D, the irrigation quantity of spring irrigation and winter irrigation is 40mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197025A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Sunflower high-ridge film-covering drip irrigation salt-inhibiting planting method |
| CN115553183A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-03 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for planting edible sunflower in saline water drip irrigation severe saline-alkali soil original soil |
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| CN113197025A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Sunflower high-ridge film-covering drip irrigation salt-inhibiting planting method |
| CN115553183A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-03 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for planting edible sunflower in saline water drip irrigation severe saline-alkali soil original soil |
| CN115553183B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-08-04 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for planting edible sunflower in saline water drip irrigation heavy saline-alkali land original soil |
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Application publication date: 20171117 |