CN1073259A - 间接热交换器 - Google Patents

间接热交换器 Download PDF

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CN1073259A
CN1073259A CN92113752A CN92113752A CN1073259A CN 1073259 A CN1073259 A CN 1073259A CN 92113752 A CN92113752 A CN 92113752A CN 92113752 A CN92113752 A CN 92113752A CN 1073259 A CN1073259 A CN 1073259A
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heat exchanger
passage
liquid
switching path
additional channel
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CN1041126C (zh
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阿鲁罗·帕斯卡尔
格里劳德·阿兰
文奈特·弗朗索斯
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
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    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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    • F25J3/04624Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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    • F25J5/00Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
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    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0093Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F28F9/0268Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/108Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with combined cross flow and parallel flow

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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本热交换器的叶片(7)限定了通道(8A)的一第一 组合件以及通道(8B)的一第二组合件,上述通道(8A) 用于热交换,而上述通道(8B)则在其至少一部分范围 内与所述通道(8A)有少量热交换关系或几乎没有热 交换关系,并用于完成除热交换功能外的辅助功能, 即贮存液体功能、和/或使液体循环功能、和/或气 体/液体分离功能。

Description

本发明涉及到叶片式间接热交换器,该种热交换器包括:一系列平行的叶片,这些叶片用于限定它们之间的通用叶片状通道,而这些通道则含有波纹状的横档;用于构成热交换通道的那些通道的第一组合件,该组合件包括用于彼此进行热交换的流体的入口/出口装置。
这类热交换器的结构是合理的。这样,它足以安放热交换器的元件(叶片、用作横档和横梁的波纹状部件、上述通道的档板)并通过铜焊这一单一操作而使诸元件相互接合。
由于要使热交换器的多个横档诸如档板或状态隔板相互接合以获得热交换器的附加功能:使液体循环、稳定地填加液体、分离两态液体等,因而实际上会部分地失去上述优点。而且,在多数情况下,都要把热交换器安置在一液体保持室诸如蒸馏塔的底部内。所有的这些操作都是要比铜焊产量低的金工操作。
本发明的目的是减少与叶片式热交换器产量有关的金工操作。
为此,本发明的目的是提供上述类型的间接热交换器,其特征在于:它至少在其一部分长度和宽度方向上包括与所述热交换通道有少量热交换关系或几乎没有热交换关系的附加通道以完成除热交换以外的至少一个功能,即贮存液体功能、和/或使液体循环功能、和/或液体-气体分离功能。
依照本发明的其他特征:
上述附加通道要比所述热交换通道厚;
上述附加通道所含波纹的间距要比所述热交换通道的大;
所有的附加通道均彼此相邻;
上述附加通道与所述的热交换通道有所不同,而且,每一附加通道均如热交换通道一样遍布热交换器的整个长度方向和整个宽度方向。
至少有某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分宽度方向上的热交换通道和在热交换器余下宽度方向上的附加通道。
至少有某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分长度方向上的热交换通道和在热交换器余下宽度方向上的附加通道。
上述附加通道包括液体-气体分离通道,这些通道含有一用于液体-气体分离的滤层,该滤层朝向一用于两态液体的入口孔道安放。
上述滤层是由一带有倾斜壁面的“齿状”波纹部件构成的;
上述液体-气体分离通道在其上端包括一气体出口孔道,该孔道用一出口盒箱盖住,而此盒箱则与使气体返回到热交换器不同层次上的返回通道相通连。
本发明的实施例将参照附图予以说明,在附图中:
图1是本发明中热交换器的透视图,其中有部分部件被省略了;
图2至图4分别显示了上述热交换器三种类型通道的垂直横截面;
图5概略地显示上述热交换器改进后的型式;
图6与图1相类似,它显示了本发明中热交换器的第三个实施例;
图7与图8分别显示了上述热交换器两种类型通道的垂直横截面;
图9和图10分别与图7和图8相类似,显示了图6中热交换器改进后的型式;
图11和图12分别与图7和图8相类似,显示了图6中热交换器另一种改进后的型式;
图13和图14分别与图7和图8相类似,显示了图6中热交换器又一种改进后的型式;
图15概略地显示了本发明中热交换器第三实施例的应用;
图16与图1相类似,它显示了上述第三实施例;
图17与图18分别显示了图16中热交换器两种类型通道的垂直横截面。
图1至图4所示之热交换器是热虹吸式液体汽化器。以下所要说明的是,它被用作复式空气蒸馏塔的主要汽化器-冷凝器,并放置在中间压力塔顶部具有约六巴气压的热交换气态氮和下部压力塔底部具有约一巴气压的液态氧中,以便在冷凝氮气的同时汽化液态氧。
热交换器1包括:一铝制平行六面体主体2,该主体通过在炉内铜焊这一单一操作装配而成;三个半圆柱形盒箱3至5,它们用作流体的入口与出口;一上部拱顶6;借助于焊接通过密封接头将元件3至6固定。
所述主体2由大量的垂直叶片7组成,在这些叶片之间限定了叶片状通道8,而这些叶片则包括带有垂直壁面的波纹状隔离层9。上述通道由档板10所限定,档板在图2至图4中用粗线表示。在以下的叙述中,“长度”是指主体2的垂直尺寸,“厚度”是指与叶片7垂直的水平尺寸,而“宽度”则是指与上述叶片平行的水平尺寸。
所述主体2包括并列的两个部分:图1左侧的热交换部分2A;图1右侧的附加部分2B,此部分用以承担使液体循环、液体-气体分离、贮存液体以及向热交换部分2A均匀地填加液体等功能。
热交换部分2A的通道8A有两种不同的类型,分别如图2及图3所示:
(1)用于冷凝氮气的诸通道8A-1,在其宽度方向上、高度方向上及底部均为密闭的,它们包括:位于其上端侧部的气态氮入口孔道11;以及朝向此入口孔道的倾斜波纹12,该波纹用于将气态氮分配到所有上述通道的幅宽方向上。上述盒箱3覆盖了所有的孔道11并由填加导管13供给气态氮。诸通道8A-1还包括:一位于其下端、与上端气态氮入口孔道同侧的液态氮出口孔道14;以及与此出口孔道相对向的倾斜波纹15,该波纹用于将液态氮聚集至孔道14。上述盒箱4覆盖了所有的孔道14以使液态氮离开该孔道并经由导管16排出。
(2)用于汽化氧气的诸通道8A-2,在其底部的宽度方向上是密闭的,但在其顶部的宽度方向上则是开放的,它们包括:位于其下端侧部的液态氧入口通孔17A;以及朝向此入口孔道的倾斜波纹18A,此波纹用于将液态氧分配到所有上述通道的幅宽方向上。上述盒箱5覆盖了所有的孔道17A。
图4所示之附加部分2B的诸通道8B具有与氧气汽化通道8A-2相同的结构,其孔道17B也与盒箱5相通连。但是,其垂直波纹9B之间的间距要大于通道8A-1之波纹9A-1的间距,也大于通道8A-2之波纹9A-2的间距,由于上述波纹有较大的间距,所以其厚度也要比通道8A-1的厚度大,同时也比通道8A-2的厚度大。
从以上的说明中可以看出,盒箱5遍布于热交换器主体的整个厚度方向上,也就是说,它覆盖了2A与2B两部分,而盒箱3与4则只延伸于2A一部分上。
所述拱顶6沿主体2的平行六面体的上部所有四个边而与之接合。它带有一液态氧填加导管19和一气态氧出口导管20,气态氧经由出口导管的上方离去。
在操作中,在气态氮经由通道8A-1下降至拱顶所在的水平面时,气态氮约在六巴气压下被冷凝,而此时在通道8A-2和通道8B内充满了约一巴气压的液态氧,如图1所示。
冷凝氮气所放出的热量使诸通道8A-1内的液态氧汽化,从而因热虹吸作用引起这些通道内液态氧的上升循环。并在这些通道里沿向上方向形成气态氧分离区,即有一两态混合物离开这些通道的上端。
液态氧在通道8A-2中不会下降,而是向上循环的,它在上部密闭的通道8A-1中也不会下降,但液态氧在通道8B中却是能下降的,并在通道8B的下端经由侧部孔道17B(图4)进入盒箱5。此后,上述液态氧沿盒箱5流至作为通道8A-2入口的孔道17A(图3),从而使通道8A-2中充满了液态氧。
因此,诸通道8B能使多余的液态氧再循环,而其对两态氧的分离、液态氧的贮存则能使液态氧无间断且均匀地供给汽化通道8A-2。
在大多数通道8B中,任何汽化现象都不会妨碍液态氧的上升循环,这是因为这些通道与氮气通道不具有热交换关系的缘故。上述情况对与主体2热交换部分2A相邻的那些通道8B来说则略有不同了,在这些通道中,热交换完全得以产生,这一方面是由于靠近通道8A-2,另一方面是由于通道8B具有较大的厚度和/或波纹9B具有较大间距,从而引起叶片转换效果的缘故。
图5中改进后的热交换器仅在下列方面与业已说明的热交换器有所不同:主体2的附加部分2B分成两个子部分2B-1和2B-2,这两部分包围了热交换部分2A。该图显示出附加通道8B能以不同的方式放置。但是,图1中的结构在实践中却是最佳的,其中通道8B中的热量是最小的。
图6至图8中所示之热交换器的实施例在下列方面与前述热交换器有本质的区别:主体2的部分2A和2B不再沿热交换器的厚度方向放置,而是沿热交换器的宽度方向放置,这就是说,每一通道8的一部分起热交换作用,另一部分则起附加功能的作用。
这样,在所述两种通道中,一种包括:具有如上述图1所示之结构的氮气冷凝通道8A-1,此通道位于主体的绝大部分宽度方向上(图7);以及具有开放顶部与底部的附加通道8B-1,此通道位于主体余下的宽度方向上并带有结构单一的垂直波纹9B;通道8A-1和8B-1由一垂直档板10在主体的整个长度方向上以密封的方式相分隔。
另一种通道则包括(图8):两端开放的氧气汽化通道8A-2,此通道位于与通道8A-1相同的宽度上并朝向通道8A-1,而且,此通道还包含结构单一的垂直波纹;以及与通道8B-1类似的附加通道8B-2;而且在通道8A-2和8B-2中间有一垂直档板10。
图1中向通道8A-2填加液态氧的盒箱5被略去了,取而代之的是一下部拱顶21,此拱顶通过密封接头与主体2的四个底边相接合。这样,就可以直接从底部向通道8A-2填加液态氧。
作为一种改进了的型式(图9与图10),通道8B-1的下部是密闭的,而且,下部拱顶21由形成在叶片7底部的孔洞22所取代,所说叶片安放在通道8B-1内。液态氧经由侧部孔道17A通过汽化通道8A-2,而该侧部孔道则位于两档板10中一个的底部,此后,液态氧由倾斜的波纹18A以图3中所示之相同的方式沿通道8A-2长度方向分流。
上述型式能以图11和图12所示之方式加以改进:略去孔洞22,每一通道8B-1包括一位于底部的出口孔道17B-1和一如图1至图4所示之倾斜波纹部件18B,而每一通道8B-2则包括一位于底部的入口孔道17B-2。值得注意的是,图2至图4的盒箱5覆盖了整个孔道17B-1和17B-2。而且,通道8B-2的下部包括一带有水平壁面的波纹部件23,如图所示,它是“齿状”的,也就是说,孔道每隔一固定的距离都垂直位移波纹间距的四分之一长度。
作为另一种型式(图13和图14),仅在通道8A-1和8B-1之间提供有垂直档板10,而在通道8A-1和8B-2之间则没有隔板,通道8A-1和8B-2仅包括共用的垂直无隙波纹,而且,在其下部包括有三角形水平波纹24,该波纹延伸于热交换器的整个宽度方向上。
在上述型式的两种通道中的一种中,液态氧在区域8B-2内向下流,再沿波纹24水平流动,然后在区域8A-2内上升。在区域8A-2中,液态氧将与通道8A-1内冷凝的氮进行间接热交换,而通道8B-1则为空区域,其上部是开放的,由此填加液态氧,如图所示,或者,作为一种改进的型式,其两端均为封闭的。
图15概略地显示了将一叶片热交换器用作蒸馏器以生产诸如氮。在两种通道的一种中,在约六巴气压下输入的空气在上升的同时部分地冷凝了,如箭头25所示,因而在这些通道的底部产生了“富液”(高浓度氧的空气)LR,而在这些通道的顶部则产生了气态氮NG。
为了确保空气冷凝,上述富液在膨胀阀26内膨胀至一巴气压,上述膨胀阀用于闪蒸富液。上述通道的上部用于分离两种状态的富液,这两种状态的富液在所述通道的其余部分内重新结合,而且,在所述通道的其余部分内,冷却的低压两态富液从顶部循环至底部,然后以汽化了的富液LRV的形式排出。
图16至18显示了一种热交换器的结构。
两种通道中(图17)的一种用水平档板27分成两部分:
(1)主要的热交换部分28,此部分从热交换器的底部开始延伸,它自底向上地包括:一用于空气分配和富液聚焦的区域29;冷凝区域30以及用于聚集与排出气态氮的区域31。所述区域29包括倾斜的多孔波纹32,该波纹与侧部空气入口孔道33相通,在该波纹的下方,包括垂直波纹34,此波纹与作为富液入口的下部孔道35相通。所述区域30包括垂直波纹36,而所述区域31则包括倾斜的波纹37,该波纹与用于排出氮气的侧部孔道38相通。用于空气入口的盒箱39、用于富液出口的盒箱40以及用于氮气出口的盒箱41分别与孔道33、35及38相通连。
(2)包括状态隔板的附加上部部分42,此部分自底向上地包括:低高度不带波纹的区域,在该区域内,每一垂直叶片上都带有一排水平孔洞43;含有垂直波纹44的区域;含有“齿形”波纹的区域,所说的“齿形”波纹带有倾斜的壁面并与侧部入口孔道46相通连;含有垂直波纹47的区域;以及含有倾斜波纹48的区域,所说的倾斜波纹与出口孔道49相通。用于两态富液入口的盒箱50和用于汽化了的富液的出口的盒箱51分别覆盖于孔道46和49。
其余的通道60(图18)自顶向下地包括:用于汽化了的富液的入口区域,此区域与侧部入口孔道52相通连并含有倾斜的波纹53;含有垂直波纹54的区域;低高度不带波纹并与孔洞48相通的区域;带有垂直波纹55的热交换区域;以及含有倾斜波纹56的汽化了的富液的出口区域,所述倾斜波纹与出口孔道57相通。盒箱51与孔道52相通连,同时,出口盒箱58亦与孔道57相通连。
当膨胀了的富液以两态的形式进入盒箱50再进入图17所示之区域42时,会遇到许多由“齿形”波纹部件46形成的小障碍。这就会使两种状态的富液相分离。液态富液会聚集至档板27上,并通过孔洞43以液流的方式进入图18所示之相邻的通道60中。同时,气态富液经由盒箱51流向相邻通道的孔道52,例如,该气态富液沿波纹54向下循环并在孔洞43处与液态富液相会合,从而形成了冷却的两态富液,该富液在沿波纹55下降时被气化了。
在一未显示的改进后的型式中,两态分离区域42可以用于使分离出的气态富液经由盒箱51与含有波纹54的通道返回至热交换器的不同层次,例如返回到热交换器的下端。在这种情况下,气态富液由一出口盒箱所聚集并由该盒箱送至热交换器的其它通道中,因而从侧部离开所在的层次。

Claims (10)

1、一种间接热交换器,它包括:一系列平行的叶片,这些叶片用于限定它们之间的通用叶片状通道(8A、8B、28、42、60),上述通道则含有波纹状隔板(9;32,34,36,37,44,47,48,53至56);用于构成热交换通道的那些通道的一第一组合件(8A;28,6)该组合件包括用于彼此进行热交换的流体的入口与出口装置(3至5,39至41,51)该装置的特征在于它在其长度与宽度的至少一部分上包括附加通道(8B;42),该通道与上述热交换通道(8A;28,60)略有或没有热交换关系,并用于完成除热交换以外的至少一个功能,即贮存液体的功能、和/或使液体循环的功能、和/或分离液体一气体的功能。
2、如权利要求1所述之热交换器,其特征在于:所述附加通道(8B;42)要比热交换通道(8A;28,60)厚。
3、如权利要求1或2所述之热交换器,其特征在于:上述附加通道所含波纹的间距要比所述热交换通道的大。
4、如权利要求1至3中任何一个所述之热交换器,其特征在于:上述所有的附加通道(8B)均是彼此相邻的。
5、如权利要求1至4中任何一个所述之热交换器,其特征在于:所述附加通道(8B)与所述热交换通道(8A)有所不同,而且,每一附加通道均如热交换通道一样遍布热交换器的整个长度方向和整个宽度方向。
6、如权利要求1至4中任何一个所述之热交换器,其特征在于:至少有某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分宽度方向上的热交换通道(8A)和在热交换器余下宽度方向上的附加通道(8B)。
7、如权利要求1至4中任何一个所述之热交换器,其特征在于:至少有某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分长度方向上的热交换通道(8A)和在热交换器余下长度方向上的附加通道(8B)。
8、如权利要求1至7中任何一个所述之热交换器,其中,所述附加通道包括液体与气体分离通道(42),其特征在于:这些通道含有一用于液体/气体分离的滤层(45),该滤层朝向一两态液体的入口孔道(46)安放。
9、如权利要求8所述之热交换器,其特征在于:所述滤层(45)由一带有倾斜壁面的“齿状”波纹部件构成。
10、如权利要求8或9所述之热交换器,其特征在于:所述液体-气体分离通道(42)在其上端包括一气体出口孔道(49),该孔道用一出口盒箱(51)盖住,而此盒箱则与使气体返回到热交换器不同层次上的返回通道相通连。
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CN102483309B (zh) * 2009-04-06 2013-11-20 阿特拉斯·科普柯空气动力股份有限公司 改进型热交换器
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FR2685071A1 (fr) 1993-06-18
DE69209994T2 (de) 1996-09-05
JPH05280881A (ja) 1993-10-29
CN1041126C (zh) 1998-12-09
FR2685071B1 (fr) 1996-12-13
CA2084920A1 (fr) 1993-06-12
DE69209994D1 (de) 1996-05-23
US5333683A (en) 1994-08-02
EP0546947A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
EP0546947B1 (fr) 1996-04-17

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