CN1190251C - 热量和/或质量交换的填充塔 - Google Patents

热量和/或质量交换的填充塔 Download PDF

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CN1190251C
CN1190251C CNB011329173A CN01132917A CN1190251C CN 1190251 C CN1190251 C CN 1190251C CN B011329173 A CNB011329173 A CN B011329173A CN 01132917 A CN01132917 A CN 01132917A CN 1190251 C CN1190251 C CN 1190251C
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艾蒂安·韦尔朗
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

该塔包括至少一个限定在一个比邻的上液体分配器(4,6,7,8)和一个下液体进口/出口(21,23)或一个相邻的下液体分配器(7,8)之间的交换部(5,9,10,11),该交换部包括一个上部(5A,9A),以及在其下方的另一个优选的普通型式的部分(5B,9B,10B,11B),至少一个填充部的上填充部包括一个比同一部分的普通填充部的填充组件具有较少交换单元的填充组件。

Description

热量和/或质量交换的填充塔
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在下降液体和上升气体之间进行热量和/或质量交换的填充塔,该类填充塔包括至少一个限定在一个相邻的上液体分配器和一个下液体进口/出口或一个相邻的下液体分配器之间的交换部,该交换部包括一个上部,以及在上部下方的另一个部分。它尤其可应用于常压蒸馏塔。
背景技术
在此,术语“填充装置”是指一种设计用来促进下降液体和上升气体之间密切接触的装置,以使其可产生热量和/或质量的交换。
每一个填充部包括至少一个组件或“组合件”或“填充装置”。这些组件可以是任意型式的,也就是说,每一个组件包括一个离散颗粒的空间,但已知优选的是结构型式。在该类别中,尤其会出现下面的术语:
(1)交叉波纹填充装置,它通常包括波纹条,波纹条包括在垂直的普通平面内彼此布置成平行交替的波纹,且一个紧靠另一个,波纹从一条到下一条在相反方向倾斜下降。这些交叉波纹的填充装置的穿孔比率一般是大约10%。
英国专利文献GB-A-1004046公开了一种交叉波纹型的填充装置,而CA-A-1095827提出了一种该类填充装置的改进型式,通过加入一个小直径穿孔的致密结构,以便允许液体刚好经过交叉波纹条。
这种填充装置一般由平面产品制成,也就是说金属板条。板条首先折叠(或弯曲)以便形成一种所谓的波纹金属板条,这种波纹相对于板条的轴线倾斜。然后将折叠的板条切成多个部分并叠置,间隔地将板条旋转,以形成组件或“组合件”。
(2)通风的填充装置,每一通风填充装置的组件包括许多偏转板,偏转板限定了一组用来搅动上升气体的固定通风孔的水平层面。
这些通风填充装置具有相对于塔中上升气体的三维效果的结构。它们通过使气体进行多次旋转,保证在气体中有相当大的紊流,搅动的结果可改善与下降液体的热量和/或质量的交换。
这种填充装置的实例在文献WO-A-86/06296、WO-A-90/10497和EP-A-0845293中有描述。
发明内容
本发明的目的是降低热量和/或质量交换填充塔的成本。
为此,本发明的主题是如前所述类型的填充塔,其特征在于,至少一个交换部的上填充部至少包括一个填充组件,填充组件具有若干交换单元,交换单元的数量比同一交换部的另一填充部的至少一个填充组件的交换单元要少。
在已有技术中众所周知,在气相中填充组件的交换单元的数量(NTU)是组件高度(HM)与在气相中交换单元高度(HTU)的比。
HTU通常用来表示填充装置的内在效率,它与同一填充装置的理论板等同高度(HETP)有关,公式是:
HETP = HTU mV / L - 1 ln ( mV / L )
其中L:摩尔液体流速(摩尔/秒)
V:摩尔气体流速(摩尔/秒)
M:将气体摩尔分数表示为液体摩尔分数的函数的图中的平衡线的斜率。
填充组件的HTU和NTU在某种程度上取决于蒸馏的液体和蒸馏的条件。但是,当两个填充组件的NTU在本文中进行比较时,可以理解在每一种情况下,这两个组件被放置在相同的蒸馏条件下,另外,为了简化起见,在本文中气相交换单元的数量将被称为交换单元的数量。
按照本发明的填充塔可包括一个或多个下面的特征,一个或所有技术上可能的组合:
所述上部的所述组件与同一交换部的所述另一个部分的所述组件不同,至少是下面的因素之一:
-其内在的密度;
-其结构;
-其在塔的横截面上的平均密度,以及
-其高度;
-所述的因素是平均密度,所述上部(5A)仅仅占据塔横截面的一小部分,位于来自所述上分配器的液体的喷嘴下方;
-所述填充部是结构填充部;
-所述上填充部是一个交叉波纹的填充部,而另一个填充部是通风填充部;
-所述上填充部是相对低密度的交叉波纹填充部,而另一个填充部是高密度的交叉波纹填充部,填充组件可以围绕塔的中心垂直轴一个相对另一个成角度地倾斜,尤其是成90°倾斜;
-所述的上填充部包括一个单独填充组件;
-所述单一组件的高度低于同一交换部的另一部分组件的高度;
-在每一交换部中,填充组件是一个在另一个上面叠置,直接地或与插入元件形成间隙;
-塔是双层常压蒸馏塔的一部分;以及
-另一部分是一个标准部。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例进行描述,唯一的附图示意地示出本发明双层常压蒸馏塔的轴向剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图所示的具有垂直中心轴X-X的双层常压蒸馏塔1,除了它的填充物组成以外具有通常的结构。它包括一个顶上覆盖有低压塔3的中间压力塔2。一个主要的再蒸馏器-冷凝器V使塔2上部的气体(实际上是纯氮气)处于与塔3的底部液体(实际上是纯液态氧)进行热交换的状态。
塔2包括一个上液体分配器4和一个在液体分配器4下部的单独的常压蒸馏部5。
塔3包括一个上液体分配器6;一个上中间液体分配器7;一个下中间液体分配器8;一个位于分配器6和7之间的上蒸馏部9;一个位于分配器7和8之间的中间蒸馏部10;以及一个在分配器8下方的下蒸馏部11。
操作中,要蒸馏的气体被压缩成具有中等压力,一般是大约5巴(绝对值),被引入塔2的底部,收集在该塔底部的“含量高的液体”(富氧)通过管道12引出,在膨胀阀13处膨胀成大约为1.2巴(绝对值)的低压力,并被引入分配器7中。
来自塔2顶部的包括液态氮的“含量低的液体”通过管道14引出,在膨胀阀15处膨胀成低压,并被引入分配器6中。在再蒸馏器-冷凝器V中冷凝的剩余的液态氮向下落入分配器4中,分配器4将其分散在蒸馏部5上,在蒸馏部5中进入的空气上升与冷凝的液态氮进行热量和质量的交换,因而含氧量渐渐地降低。
在塔2中,上升的气体是气态氧,气态氧与冷凝的液体进行热量和质量的交换。分配器6将液态氮分配到蒸馏部9上。分配器7将来自阀13的含量高的液体与基本上是相同组分的从蒸馏部9落下的液体分配到蒸馏部10上。分配器8用于将离开蒸馏部10的冷凝液体再分配到塔3的整个横截面上,以便提高分馏效率,防止在液体中出现墙壁效应,在经过填充塔的某个高度以后,使之滴在塔体的内壁上。
当然,作为一种变型,可以提供其它用于再分配的分配器,例如分配器8,这取决于填充装置的类型和塔的高度。
每一个液体分配器4、6、7、8包括一个周边导管和几个具有U形部17的平行导管,该U形部在每一端通向周边导管内。平行通道18被限定在作为上升气体通道的周边导管之间,通道被水平的上壁19关闭,在该壁的正下方,制成数排窗口20,导管17的底部穿有孔,该孔在每一个导管的下方限定了若干垂直的液体喷嘴。
双层塔1还至少包括一个产品出口,例如管道21,以将来自塔2底部的气态氧引出,管道21位于蒸馏部11的正下方,而管道22用于将离开塔3上部的废气(不纯的氮)引出。在塔2底部的进气管道用23表示。
每一个蒸馏部5、9、10、11由一叠结构填充件组成。上部组件构成上部5A、9A、10A、11A,而另一些组件形成标准部5B、9B、10B、11B。组件一个在另一个的上方直接叠置,或与插入元件形成间隙。
每一个上部由填充组件或组合件构成,尤其适合于在塔的整个横截面上统一分配来自分配器的液体,而所有其它的组件更适合在液体和上升液体之间进行高效率的热量和/或质量交换。
因而,可以给出下面的例子:
(1)上部可以是与另一部分相同的类型,但具有较低的内在密度(每平方米金属/立方米)。由于使用的金属量很少,泼洒液体的功能完成得更容易。
(2)上部可以是与另一部分不同的类型,也就是说蒸馏的效率越低越便宜。上部尤其可以是具有较低密度的交叉波纹形式,而标准部是具有通气孔型式。
(3)上部可以是填充组件,其高度小于较低部分组件的高度,这样塔的高度降低而基本没有使整个蒸馏效率降低,这是由于上部不是充分地有效。
(4)上部有可能不在塔的整个上部的横截面上延伸。尤其是可以将其限制在接受来自相邻分配器液体的喷嘴的区域。在这种情况下,对于相同的类型来说,上部具有低于标准部密度的平均密度。
这些各种的可能可以组合在一起。另外,在情况(1)和(2)中,上部可以由多于一个的填充组件构成。
在上述的每一情况中,对于每一个组件来说,上部具有若干交换单元,其数量少于另一部分每一组件的交换单元的数量。
这是因为:
在情况(1)中:内在密度的降低使已知高度的组件的交换单元数量减少;
在情况(2)中:通过限定,低的蒸馏效率对应着少的交换单元数量。
在情况(3)中:组件高度的降低减少了交换单元的数量。
在情况(4)中:组件有效部分的去除事实上减少了交换单元的数量。
在图中示出的例子中,每一蒸馏部的上部是一个单独交叉波纹的填充组件。
蒸馏部5的上部5A是不连续的。它包括若干平行的带材,每一个带材位于分配器4相应导管17的下方,另一部分5B是包括一叠交叉波纹填充组件的标准部分。蒸馏部5的组件是围绕X-X轴一个相对另一个呈90°倾斜。
蒸馏部9的部分9B是一个标准部分,它包括一叠交叉波纹的填充组件,其密度大于上部9A的密度。蒸馏部9的组件是围绕X-X轴一个相对另一个呈90°倾斜。
蒸馏部10的部分10B是一个标准部分,它包括一叠具有透气孔型的填充组件,这些组件围绕X-X轴一个相对另一个呈90°倾斜。
蒸馏部11的部分11B是一个标准部分,它包括一叠与上部11A相同密度的交叉波纹的填充组件,但是比后者具有更高的高度,蒸馏部11的组件也是围绕X-X轴一个相对另一个呈90°倾斜。

Claims (11)

1.一种填充塔,用于在下降液体和上升气体之间进行热量和/或质量的交换,它包括至少一个限定在一个相邻的上液体分配器(4,6,7,8)和一个下液体进口/出口(21,23)或一个相邻的下液体分配器(7,8)之间的交换部(5,9,10,11),该交换部包括一个上部(5A,9A,10A,11A),以及在上部下方的另一个部分(5B,9B,10B,11B),其特征在于:至少一个交换部(5,9,10,11)的上填充部(5A,9A,10A,11A)包括至少一个填充组件,填充组件具有若干交换单元,交换单元的数量少于同一交换部的另一填充部(5B,9B,10B,11B)的至少一个填充组件的交换单元的数量。
2.如权利要求1所述的塔,其特征在于:所述上部(5A,9A,10A,11A)的所述组件与同一交换部的所述另一个部分(5B,9B,10B,11B)的所述组件不同,至少是下面的因素之一:
-其内在的密度;
-其结构;
-其在塔的横截面上的平均密度,以及
-其高度。
3.如权利要求2所述的塔,其特征在于:所述的因素是平均密度,所述上部(5A)仅仅占据塔横截面的一小部分,位于来自所述上分配器(4)液体的喷嘴下方。
4.如权利要求1至3中任何一项的塔,其特征在于:所述填充部(5A,5B,9A,9B,10A,10B,11A,11B)是结构填充部。
5.如权利要求4所述的塔,其特征在于:所述上填充部(10A)是一个交叉波纹的填充部,而另一个填充部是通风填充部(10B)。
6.如权利要求4所述的塔,其特征在于:所述上填充部(9A)是相对低密度的交叉波纹的填充部,而另一个填充部是高密度的交叉波纹的填充部,填充组件可以是围绕塔的中心垂直轴(X-X)一个相对另一个成角度地倾斜。
7.如权利要求1至3中任何一项的塔,其特征在于:所述上填充部(5A,9A,10A,11B)包括一个单独的填充组件。
8.如权利要求7所述的塔,其特征在于:所述单独组件(11A)的高度低于同一交换部(11)的另一部分(11B)组件的高度。
9.如权利要求1至3中任何一项的塔,其特征在于:在每一交换部(5,10,11)中,填充组件是一个在另一个上面直接叠置,或其间插入形成间隙的元件。
10.如权利要求1至3中任何一项的塔,其特征在于:它是双层常压蒸馏塔(1)的一部分。
11.如权利要求1至3中任何一项的塔,其特征在于:另一部分(5B,9B,10B,11B)是一个标准部。
CNB011329173A 2000-09-11 2001-09-11 热量和/或质量交换的填充塔 Expired - Fee Related CN1190251C (zh)

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