CN1784581A - 包括具有交叉波纹规整填料的塔的蒸馏设备以及增加蒸馏设备的容量的方法 - Google Patents

包括具有交叉波纹规整填料的塔的蒸馏设备以及增加蒸馏设备的容量的方法 Download PDF

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CN1784581A
CN1784581A CN200480012584.9A CN200480012584A CN1784581A CN 1784581 A CN1784581 A CN 1784581A CN 200480012584 A CN200480012584 A CN 200480012584A CN 1784581 A CN1784581 A CN 1784581A
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tower
filler portion
unit
threshold value
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CN100368748C (zh
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R·杜贝迪尔
F·茹达斯
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F25J2270/24—Quasi-closed internal or closed external carbon monoxide refrigeration cycle

Abstract

本发明涉及包括具有交叉波纹规整填料的塔的蒸馏设备以及增加蒸馏设备的容量的方法。该蒸馏设备包括塔系统(1，3)以及用于将待分离的流(7，9)输送至所述系统中的一个塔(1)内的装置的蒸馏设备。根据本发明，如果在操作单元内的速率比低于速率比阈值和/或载荷比高于载荷比阈值，所述速率比是单元的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比，所述载荷比是单元的下行液流率与截面积的比，那么一个塔的至少一个填料部(A，D)包括由具有未变型界面的单元组成的规整填料。此外，塔的设计用于以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一个填料部(C，G)包括由具有至少一个未变型界面的单元组成的规整填料。

Description

包括具有交叉波纹规整填料的塔的蒸馏设备 以及增加蒸馏设备的容量的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包括具有交叉波纹规整填料的塔的蒸馏设备，并涉及一种增加蒸馏设备的容量的方法。优选地，该设备用于低温蒸馏。
背景技术
已知在低温蒸馏设备内采用规整填料以分离空气气体或者分离含有氢和一氧化碳的混合物(EP-A-837 031)。
交叉波纹填料由被称为“单元(pack)”的模块组成，每个模块都由一叠交替地朝一个方向和另一个方向倾斜布置的波纹带(板条)形成。这些带穿孔或不穿孔，且由通常是金属板的平滑的或带纹理的板制成。在GB-A-1 004 046和CA-A-1 095 827中描述了该带的示例。
在蒸馏塔中，带位于基本垂直的平面上。从一个单元至下一单元，单元一般绕塔的轴线转动90°，已显示这些方向上的变化会在单元之间的界面处导致满溢，该满溢限制了该塔所能处理的负荷。
已提出各种用于抑制此满溢的装置。特别地，WO-A-97/16247公开了一种其母线(generatrices)在每个端部处弯曲以在单元的上下边缘处垂直的波纹。
专利EP-A-0 707 885中公开了另一种对波纹进行变型以减小模块下边缘处以及可能地上边缘处的阻力的方法。例如，单元的底部可包括比其中央部更多的穿孔、处于单元底部的波纹的高度小于处于其中央区域的波纹的高度、或者单元的下端包括切口。
同具有未变型界面的常规填料相比，具有变型界面的填料对任何分配不均更敏感。另外，当单元的液体载荷增大时，具有变型界面的特定填料的容量的增量减小。因为在高液体载荷时一个相位(phase)被另一相位占据，所以还会观察到效率损耗。
在基于低压降标准设计的塔(例如，通常设计成具有最大压降为2mbar/m的氩气塔)中，由具有变型界面的填料提供的增量(通常为CV的10％)与满溢时的可能增量(CV的30％)相比显著降低。
在这种类型的塔中，通过界面变型使所提供的(容量的)增量减小，且分配不均的风险高。
具有未变型界面的单元是一种具有波纹的交叉波纹规整填料的单元，其中，该单元在其整个高度上都具有基本相同的几何构造且下端处没有切口。
具有变型界面的单元是一种具有波纹的交叉波纹规整填料的单元，其中，该单元具有位于其内侧且构成其高度的至少50％的中央区域以及向下延伸到其下端的下部区域，与中央区域相比，单元的下部区域被变型，使得与中央区域内的气流阻力相比，下部区域内的气流阻力减小。
具有变型界面的单元是一种具有波纹的交叉波纹规整填料的单元，其中，该单元具有位于其内侧且构成其高度的至少50％的中央区域、向下延伸到该单元下端的下部区域以及向上延伸到该单元上端的上部区域，与中央区域相比，单元的下部和上部区域被变型，使得与中央区域内的气流阻力相比，下部和上部区域内的气流阻力减小。
以上文献中所提到的填料优选具有范围从250m2/m3至900m2/m3的比表面积。根据一优选实施例，该填料是具有光滑表面的穿孔填料。
优选地，具有变型界面的单元是一种如上所述但还包括向上延伸至其上端的上部区域的单元，与中央区域相比，单元的上部区域被变型，使得与中央区域内的气流阻力相比，上部区域内的气流阻力减小。
可以设想在EP-A-0 707 885中公开的所有减小阻力的方式。
优选地，波纹在下部区域(并且可能地在上部区域)具有变型的几何构造，使该波纹的母线在一个(每个)端部处弯曲，从而在单元的下边缘(以及上边缘)处垂直。当然，下部区域可同时包括其它能够减小对单元内气流阻力的变型。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种分离设备，该设备可以克服已知设备的缺点，并且尤其可以通过巧妙地使具有变型界面的填料与不具有变型界面的填料分开而利用具有变型界面的填料的优点本身，同时减小其负面影响。
本发明的一个方面提供一种可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏设备，该设备包括塔系统以及用于将可选地经过冷却和净化的待分离的流送入该塔系统的塔内的装置，塔的至少一个填料部设计成在使用时：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，
所述至少一个填料部包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面，该设备的特征在于，塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一个填料部包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面。
例如，速率比阈值可以是1.05，载荷比阈值可以是400l/h/dm2。当然，也可以设想其它值。
优选的，塔的设计成在使用时以低于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的填料部包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面；塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的填料部包括规整填料，该填料的单元具有至少一个变型界面。
该设备可以是这样的低温空气蒸馏设备，即，其包括相互热联接的中压塔和低压塔、选择性地在处于该中压与低压之间的中间压力下操作的中间压塔、用于自中压塔向中间压塔进料的装置以及用于将空气至少输送至中压塔的装置，在该设备中，对于中压塔和/或低压塔以及选择性地中间压塔，塔的至少一个下填料部包括具有未变型界面的单元，至少一个上填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
该设备可以是这样的低温空气蒸馏设备，即，其包括氩气塔、相互热联接的中压塔和低压塔、用于将空气输送至至少中压塔的装置以及用于将来自低压塔的富氩气体输送至氩气塔的装置，在该设备内，氩气塔的至少一个填料部，优选该氩气塔的全部填料部包括一个或多个具有未变型界面的单元，而低压塔或中压塔的至少一个填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
该设备可以是这样的低温空气蒸馏设备，即，其包括混合塔、相互热联接的中压塔和低压塔、用于将空气输送至至少中压塔的装置以及用于将空气和来自低压塔的富氧液体输送至混合塔的装置，在该设备内，混合塔的至少一个填料部，优选该混合塔的全部填料部包括具有未变型界面的单元，而低压塔或中压塔的至少一个填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
该设备可以是用于蒸馏主要包括一氧化碳和/或氢和/或氮和/或甲烷的混合物的低温空气蒸馏设备，该设备包括甲烷洗涤塔和/或氮洗涤塔和/或蒸馏塔和/或汽提塔的。该类型的设备可包括甲烷洗涤塔、汽提塔、用于将混合物输送至甲烷洗涤塔的装置以及用于将液体自甲烷洗涤塔的底部输送至汽提塔的顶部的装置，在该设备中，汽提塔包括至少一个具有未变型界面的单元，洗涤塔包括至少一个具有一个或多个变型界面的单元。
优选的，塔的至少一个填料部设计成在使用时：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，
所述至少一个填料部仅包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面；塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一个填料部仅包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面。
本发明的另一方面提供一种在包括塔系统的设备内进行的可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏方法，包括如下步骤：
a)将经冷却和净化的待分离的流输送至塔系统的塔内；
b)在塔系统内分离该流以形成富含混合物的至少一种成分的流体，塔的至少一个填料部：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，
且包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面，其特征在于，塔的至少一个填料部以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，并包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面。
本发明的另一方面提供一种增加可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏设备的至少一个塔的容量的方法，该蒸馏设备包括通过更换特定单元或具有一个或多个变型界面的单元的塔盘而仅包括具有未变型界面的单元或塔盘的塔系统，该方法包括如下步骤：将具有一个或多个变型界面的单元安装在至少一些填料部内且优选仅安装在设计用于以高于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的填料部内，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比。
优选的，具有一个或多个变型界面的单元不安装在设计用于以低于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一些且优选全部填料部内，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比。
例如，至多位于塔的上部(载荷气体最多的部分)、优选仅位于顶部的填料部的填料单元被一个或多个具有一个或多个变型界面的单元更换，而具有未变型界面的单元留在塔的下部。
附图说明
参照附图更详细地描述本发明：
-图1示出包括中压塔和低压塔的低温蒸馏空气分离单元(装置)；
-图2示出包括中压塔、低压塔和氩气塔的低温蒸馏空气分离单元；
-图3示出包括中压塔、低压塔和混合塔的低温蒸馏空气分离单元；
-图4示出包括单个塔的低温蒸馏空气分离单元；以及
-图5示出用于分离主要成分包括氢、一氧化碳、甲烷以及可能的氮的混合物的分离单元。
具体实施方式
图1示出经由冷凝器/再沸器(reboiler)5与低压塔3热联接的中压塔1，该冷凝器/再沸器5冷凝中压塔的塔顶氮并使经冷凝的氮作为回流返回该中压塔。
气态空气7被送入中压塔1的底部，液态空气9也被送入中压塔1的底部。在两种空气的入口之间是填料部A。
从中压塔的顶部回收不同纯度的液态氮流。来自该(中压)塔顶的流11被输送至低压塔的顶部，来自中压塔中间位置的流13被输送至低压塔3的中间位置。
液态进气9和液态排出氮13经由填料部B分开，液态排出氮13和11经由填料部C分开。
富液流15从中压塔1的底部输送至低压塔3的中间位置，填料部D将低压塔的底部与富液流进入的位置分开。
第二液态空气流17被送至低压塔。填料部E将富进液15与液态进气17分开。填料部F将进气17与液态进氮13分开，填料部G将液态进氮11和13分开。
应理解的是，将液态氮13送至塔顶是选择性的，因而填料部F和G(以及相应的B和C)可形成单个的填料部。类似的，液态进气17是选择性的，因而填料部E和F可形成单个的填料部；液态进气9是选择性的，因而填料部A和B可形成单个的填料部。
然而，来自鼓风涡轮机的气态空气流可代替液态进气17。
根据本发明，在中压塔内，填料部A包括具有未变型界面的填料，填料部B和C包括具有变型界面的填料。或者，中压塔可仅包括塔盘。
根据本发明，在低压塔内，填料部D包括具有未变型界面的填料，填料部E，F和G包括具有变型界面的填料。
图2示出一双塔，该双塔与图1的不同之处在于：低压塔连接到一氩气塔。结果，填料部D被分开以形成三个填料部D1、D2和D3。
填料部D1将低压塔的底部与用于氩气塔21且富氩气体的出气25以及来自氩气塔的底部进液27分开。
填料部D2位于填料部D1上方。
部分富液流被输送至氩气塔21的塔顶冷凝器31，在那里其部分汽化，从而产生汽化的富液流35和未汽化的富液流37，两种流在填料部D2与填料部D3之间的位置处被送入低压塔内。
剩余的富液流被输送至填料部D3上方。
至少填料部D1仅包括具有未变型界面的单元。优选地，填料部D2仅包括具有未变型界面的单元，甚至更优选地，填料部D3仅包括具有未变型界面的单元。
填料部E，F和G仅包括具有变型界面的单元。
在氩气塔本身内具有两个填料部H和I，在填料部I的上方回收富氩流。两填料部H和I仅包括具有一个或多个未变型界面的单元。选择性地，填料部H包括具有一个未变型界面的单元，填料部I包括具有一个或多个变型界面的单元。
图3与图1的不同之处在于其包括混合塔41。该底部被供以空气流39且顶部被供以在泵45中泵送的液态氧43的塔包括两个填料部J和K。气态氧47作为塔41的塔顶馏出物产出。底部液体49与富液流混合并被输送至低压塔。相当的富液流51被从填料部J和K之间回收、膨胀并被输送至低压塔。
填料部K(载荷液体最多的填料部)和选择性地填料部J包括具有未变型界面的单元，而双塔的填料部中的至少一些包括具有变型界面的单元。优选地，用于双塔的填料的类型如针对图1所述，即：对于中压塔，填料部A包括具有未变型界面的填料，填料部B和C包括具有一个或多个变型界面的填料；对于低压塔，填料部D包括具有未变型界面的填料，填料部E、F和G仅包括具有一个或多个变型界面的单元。选择性地，中压塔可仅包括塔盘。
图4示出单塔空气分离装置。单塔1被供以气态空气流7。富液流15作为塔底馏出物从该塔被回收并被输送至塔顶冷凝器/再沸器5，富液流15在该塔顶冷凝器/再沸器5中汽化。塔顶氮的一部分在冷凝器/再沸器5内冷凝。气态氮流13作为产品被从塔顶下方的几个塔盘回收。该塔包括两个填料部，A位于气态氮13的回收处下方，C位于该回收处上方。填料部A包括至少一个单元，该一个或多个单元是具有一个或多个变型界面的填料单元，而填料部C包括至少一个单元，该一个或多个单元具有一个未变型界面。
图5示出用于分离氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物的三塔装置。该混合物1在3中净化、在换热器5内冷却并被输送至甲烷洗涤塔7。来自该洗涤塔的底部馏出物液体13经膨胀并被输送至汽提塔19的顶部。然后，来自该汽提塔的底部馏出物液体23在蒸馏塔27内被分离为富含一氧化碳的气体31和富含甲烷的液体28，至少一些富含甲烷的液体28再循环到洗涤塔7内。该装置通过使塔19、27的塔底升温并使塔27的顶部冷却的一氧化碳循环保持冷却，该循环包括压缩机35和涡轮机41，该压缩机也用于压缩产品37。
洗涤塔7包括具有一个或多个变型界面的单元L、M、N和O，蒸馏塔27包括两个具有一个或多个变型界面的单元Q、R。而汽提塔19仅包括具有未变型界面的单元P。
在如图1和2所示的空气分离双塔中，当希望对具有塔盘的塔或者具有未变型界面单元的塔进行变型时，优选在填料部F，G内安装具有变型界面的填料单元。

Claims (11)

1.一种可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏设备，包括塔系统(1，3，7，19，21，27，41)以及用于将可选地经过冷却和净化的待分离的流送入该塔系统的塔内的装置，塔的至少一个填料部(A，D，D1，D2，D3，H，I，J，K，P)设计成在使用时：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，所述速率比是所述填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，所述载荷比是所述填
料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，所述至少一个填料部(A，D，D1，D2，D3，H，I，J，K，P)包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面，该设备的特征在于，塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一个填料部(B，C，E，F，G，I，J，L，M，N，O，Q，R)包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面，该速率比阈值是1.05，所述载荷比阈值是400l/h/dm2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，塔的设计成在使用时以低于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的填料部包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面；塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的填料部包括规整填料，该填料的单元具有至少一个变型界面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温空气蒸馏设备，其特征在于，该设备包括相互热联接的中压塔(1)和低压塔(3)、选择性地在处于该中压与该低压之间的中间压力下操作的中间压塔、用于自中压塔向中间压塔进料的装置以及用于将空气至少输送至中压塔的装置，在所述设备中，对于中压塔和/或低压塔以及选择性地中间压塔，塔的至少一个下填料部包括具有未变型界面的单元，至少一个上填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
4.根据权利要求1、2和3中任一项所述的低温空气蒸馏设备，其特征在于，该设备包括相互热联接的中压塔(1)和低压塔(3)、氩气塔(21)、用于将空气输送至至少中压塔的装置以及用于将来自低压塔的富氩气体输送至氩气塔的装置，在该设备内，氩气塔的至少一个填料部，优选该氩气塔的全部填料部包括一个或多个具有未变型界面的单元，而低压塔或中压塔的至少一个填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的低温空气蒸馏设备，其特征在于，该设备包括相互热联接的中压塔(1)和低压塔(3)、混合塔(41)、用于将空气输送至至少中压塔的装置以及用于将空气和来自低压塔的富氧液体输送至混合塔的装置，在该设备内，混合塔的至少一个填料部，优选混合塔的全部填料部包括具有未变型界面的单元，而低压塔或中压塔的至少一个填料部包括具有变型界面的单元。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温空气蒸馏设备，其特征在于，该设备用于蒸馏主要包括一氧化碳和/或氢和/或氮和/或甲烷的混合物，该设备包括甲烷洗涤塔(7)和/或氮洗涤塔和/或蒸馏塔(27)和/或汽提塔(19)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括甲烷洗涤塔(7)、汽提塔(19)、用于将混合物输送至甲烷洗涤塔的装置以及用于将液体自甲烷洗涤塔的底部输送至汽提塔的顶部的装置，在所述设备中，汽提塔包括至少一个具有未变型界面的单元，洗涤塔包括至少一个具有一个或多个变型界面的单元。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，塔的至少一个填料部设计成在使用时：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，该载荷比是填料部的
下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，所述至少一个填料部仅包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面；塔的设计成在使用时以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的至少一个填料部仅包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面。
9.一种在包括塔系统(1，3，7，19，21，27，41)的设备内进行的可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏方法，包括如下步骤：
a)将经冷却和净化的待分离的流输送至塔系统的塔内；
b)在塔系统内分离该流以形成富含混合物的至少一种成分的流体，塔的至少一个填料部(A，D，D1，D2，D3，H，I，J，K，P)：
(i)以低于速率比阈值的速率比操作，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比；和/或
(ii)以高于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，该载荷比是填料部的
下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，且包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有未变型界面，其特征在于，塔的至少一个填料部以高于速率比阈值的速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作，并包括规整填料，该填料的一个或多个单元具有至少一个变型界面，该速率比阈值是1.05，该载荷比阈值是400l/h/dm2。
10.一种增加可选地用于低温蒸馏的蒸馏设备的至少一个塔(1，3，7，19，21，27，41)的容量的方法，该蒸馏设备包括通过更换特定单元或具有一个或多个变型界面的单元的塔盘而仅包括具有未变型界面的单元或塔盘的塔系统，该方法包括如下步骤：将具有一个或多个变型界面的单元安装在至少一些填料部(B，C，E，F，G，I，J，L，M，N，O，Q，R)内且优选安装在设计成以高于速率比阈值的回流速率比和/或以低于载荷比阈值的载荷比操作的那些填料部内，该速率比是填料部的实际回流速率与最小回流速率的比，该载荷比是填料部的下行液体流率与填料部的横截面积的比，该速率比阈值是1.05，该载荷比阈值是400l/h/dm2。
11.根据权利要求10所述的增加容量的方法，其特征在于，用一个或多个具有一个或多个变型界面的单元更换至多位于塔的上部一载荷气体最多的部分、优选仅位于顶部的填料部(F，G)内的填料单元，具有未变型界面的单元留在塔的下部。
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