CN105992923A - 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN105992923A
CN105992923A CN201580008381.0A CN201580008381A CN105992923A CN 105992923 A CN105992923 A CN 105992923A CN 201580008381 A CN201580008381 A CN 201580008381A CN 105992923 A CN105992923 A CN 105992923A
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pressure column
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帕特里斯·卡瓦恩
奥利维尔·德卡尤克斯
娜塔莎·骇克-勃劳德
娜塔莉·施米特
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助于低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置,所述装置包括中压塔(1)和低压塔(2)、但不包括生产氩的塔,所述低压塔包括至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28),其中该低压塔的至少第一中间蒸馏区段(25)被辅助外壳所包绕,围绕该辅助外壳限定了空间,该空间沿着该塔的径向方向被划分成下部部段和上部部段,所述一个或多个中间区段被定位在该低压塔的中间部分中,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段(24,26)的容量。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法
本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的空气分离单元。在空气分离单元的设计过程中,通常需要根据客户要求的改变来修改其设计。例如,客户可能在该单元已经被设计成不生产氩、或者甚至已经以没有氩塔的形式存在时意识到他需要生产氩。
解决该问题的一种方式是设计具有能够生产氩但在不需要氩时将富氩气体排放到残余氮中的塔的单元。另外,还可能增大低压塔的尺寸。这两种解决方案意味着会增加投资成本。
允许进行氩生产的空气蒸馏设施一般由中压塔构成,该中压塔典型地在约6巴的绝对压力下运行、上部安装了典型地在稍微高于大气压下运行的并且联接到不纯氩生产塔上的低压塔。蒸发器-冷凝器使蒸气位于中压塔的顶部处,该蒸气基本上由与来自低压塔的基本上由纯氧组成的底部液体处于热交换关系的纯氮组成。
该低压塔包括蒸馏区段、正好在其上方的第一中间蒸馏区段、以及在该第一个中间蒸馏区段上方的若干(通常为两个或三个)区段。
这些蒸馏区段各自是由“交叉波纹”型结构填料包块构成的。
如众所周知的,交叉波纹填料包块是由一捆波纹塔板制成的,这些波纹塔板各自被安排在大致竖直的平面中并且彼此相抵靠包装,每个塔板具有大致矩形的形状。这些塔板是倾斜成波纹状的,并且这些波纹的倾斜方向从一个塔板到下一个塔板反向。所有这些塔板都具有相同的高度,而所有这些塔板的长度或水平尺寸从一端塔板情况下的最小值增大至中间塔板情况下的最大值再减小至另一端塔板的相同最小值。
这些区段各自是连续的填料区段,即是由直接堆叠在彼此顶部上的多个基本包块而没有中间流体再分配设备的区段,每个基本包块绕该塔的轴线相对于两个相邻层旋转90°。
如EP-A-0664144中描述的第一中间蒸馏区段具有比其他区段更小的截面并且因此在该低压塔的中间在该区段的边缘与该塔的主要外壳之间具有环形截面的空间。EP-A-1108965和US-A-5339648也描述了一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的单元。
在EP-A-0664144中,该塔被设计成使得可以将大多数富氩蒸气从挡板下方的该环形截面的空间中抽出,该挡板将该空间划分成下部部段和竖直方向上部部段。然后该蒸气被供给至氩塔中。还使该氩塔中的底部液体返回到该下部部段,在该下部部段大部分富氩蒸气被抽出。来自该氩塔顶部处的冷凝器的汽化富液被输送到该空间的上部部段。
该第一中间蒸馏区段是通过多个分配器与相邻区段分离开的。
因此,与氩的生产相关联的从该塔抽取气体以及将气体供应给该塔对该塔的高度没有任何要求。
可以实现这个第一中间蒸馏区段的较小直径而无需增大该塔的直径,因为这个区段的大小不是设计关键。确切地,相当大量的气体流动到该氩塔中,并且因此不通过这一区段。
根据现有技术,当该设施被设计成不生成氩时,不安装该截面减小的区段。
本发明的目的之一是设计一种适用于生产或不生产氩的低压塔。理念是使用具有截面减小的第一中间蒸馏区段、带或不带氩生产的塔,并且更改这一区段中的填料的密度,其中在不包括氩生产的情况下,填料密度较低并且在包括氩生产的情况下,填料密度较高。
本发明能够使用用于具有带或不带氩生产的低压塔的标准模型。这意味着可能使包括流体供应管线的冷箱的架构进一步标准化。因此可以缩短交付给客户的提货时间,因为在决定是否需要生产氩之前就能够制造该塔。
已知的做法是通过改变填料的几何形状来增加填料区段的容量,如文件EP-A-0707885所述。
根据本发明的一个目的,提供了一种使用低温蒸馏的空气分离单元,包括与低压塔热联通的中压塔,该低压塔具有一个外壳和至少四个蒸馏区段,每个蒸馏区段是由一叠交叉波纹型结构填料包块构成的,每个包块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,该低压塔的至少一个第一中间蒸馏区段被辅助外壳所包绕,围绕该辅助外壳界定了一个空间,该空间在该塔的径向方向上被划分成下部部段和上部部段,该一个或多个中间区段被定位在该低压塔的中间部分中,其特征在于,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量、或甚至大于该塔的其他区段的容量,并且不包括用于将一种流体从该低压塔的一个中间高度输送至另一塔以在该另一塔中进行分离的装置。
根据本发明的另一个目的,该单元包括:
-在该外壳中的、旨在将该上部部段和该下部部段与该塔的外部联通的多个开口,这些开口已经被封堵。
-第二和第三中间蒸馏区段,该第二和第三中间蒸馏区段以一种方式安排成使得在使用时,该第二区段位于该第一中间区段上方并且该第三区段位于该第二中间区段上方,并且包括处于该第一和第二中间区段之间的空间内的第一开口、处于该第二和第三中间区段之间的空间内的第二开口、以及处于该第三区段上方的空间内的第三开口,该第一、第二和第三开口被设计成有待连接到液体输入管上,该第一或该第三开口是封堵的并且该第二开口是打开的。
-如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段中的填料具有的密度比这些相邻区段中的至少一者的密度小了至少50m2/m3
-该第一中间区段中的填料具有的几何形状与这些相邻区段中的至少一者的几何形状不同。
-该中压塔是通过在该低压塔的底部中的冷凝器-再沸器与该低压塔热联通的。
根据本发明的另一目的,提供了一种空气分离单元,该空气分离单元包括与如上所述的低压塔热联通的中压塔,该中压塔不包括用于将一种流体从该低压塔的中间高度输送至另一塔以在该另一塔中进行分离的装置。
根据本发明的另一个目的,提供了一种通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法,其中将有待分离的空气输送至如以上权利要求之一所述的单元的中压塔,将富含氧的液体和富含氮的液体从该中压塔输送至该低压塔,将富含氮的流体从该低压塔的顶部抽取出来并且将富含氧的流体从该低压塔的底部抽取出来,并且在该低压塔的中间高度处不抽取流体来输送到另一个塔。
在此所使用的术语“富液”是专业术语,是指一种与空气相比富含氧的液体。
在一般情况下,有利的是设计出与所要求的产品无关的中压塔和低压塔的底部(至少一个区段)的标准化版本,并且根据客户要求来设计该低压塔的其余部分。
现在将结合附图描述本发明的示例性实施例,在附图中:
-图1示意性地描绘了根据本发明的被适配成不生产氩地使用的空气蒸馏单元低压塔,
-图2示意性地描绘了被适配成在生产氩的情况下使用的空气蒸馏单元低压塔。
空气蒸馏设施(在图1中描绘出其低压塔)是由中压塔1构成的,该中压塔典型地在约6巴的绝对压力下运行、上部安装了典型地在稍微高于大气压下运行的低压塔2。注意,不存在用于生产不纯的或纯的氩的任何塔。蒸发器-冷凝器4将蒸气维持在塔1的顶部,该蒸气基本上由与来自塔2底部的基本上由纯氧组成的液体处于热交换关系的纯氮组成。
塔1接收有待分离的经加压且净化的空气并且产生富含氧的液体流和富含氮的液体流,这两者都被输送至低压塔2。
图1中的图示是高度示意性的并且本质上目的是示出该设施的流体入口/出口以及其限定的蒸馏区段。
低压塔2的主要外壳包括六个蒸馏区段,即:
·包括在该塔的液体出口10的底部与第一中间蒸馏区段25之间的下部蒸馏区段24
·正好在区段24上方的第一中间蒸馏区段25,两者之间具有分配器(未示出),该第一中间蒸馏区段在液体入口6的下方,该第一中间蒸馏区段的截面小于下部区段的截面
·在第一和第三中间蒸馏区段之间的第二中间蒸馏区段26
·在第二中间区段与上部蒸馏区段28之间的第三中间蒸馏区段27,
·包括在第三中间蒸馏区段与尖塔区段之间的上部蒸馏区段28
·尖塔区段29,该尖塔区段具有的截面小于该上部蒸馏区段的截面。
该第一中间蒸馏区段的截面小于以下这些区段的截面:下部区段、上部区段、以及第二和第三中间区段。区段29是以虚线示出的,因为该区段的存在不是必需的。
第一中间区段25是由被辅助外壳所包绕的填料构成的圆柱体,该辅助外壳具有比该塔的外壳更小的直径。该第一中间区段被定位在该塔的外壳内并且被由该塔的外壳和包绕着填料的辅助外壳所界定的环形截面空间所环绕。环形密封构件71通过密封接头连接该塔的外壳和该辅助外壳,并且区段26的顶部通过多个间隔件72与分配器29C间隔开。
这些蒸馏区段23至29各自是由“交叉波纹”型结构填料包块构成的。
如众所周知的,交叉波纹填料包块是由一捆波纹塔板制成的,这些波纹塔板各自被安排在大致竖直的平面中并且彼此相抵靠包装,每个塔板具有大致矩形的形状。这些塔板是倾斜成波纹状的,并且这些波纹的倾斜方向从一个塔板到下一个塔板反向。所有这些塔板都具有相同的高度,而所有这些塔板的长度或水平尺寸从一端塔板的最小值增大至中央塔板的最大值再减小至另一端塔板的相同最小值。
这些区段23至29各自是连续的填料区段,即是由直接堆叠在彼此顶部上的多个基本层(或“包块”)构成而没有中间流体再分配设备的区段,每个基本层绕该塔的轴线相对于两个相邻层旋转90°。尽管某些区段、尤其是区段23、24和28的高度高,这些区段分别可以包括40、38、和50个理论踏板,但归功于后面将明了的多个特征此成为可能。
一方面是蒸馏区段24和25、另一方面是25和26、26和27、27和28、以及最后28和29是通过分配器而彼此分离的。
然而低压塔不旨在连接到氩生产塔,但该低压塔仍然含有截面减小的区段25,该区段通常用于供应氩生产塔的低压塔。
然而在供应氩生产塔的低压塔中,用于这五个区段24至28的填料是相同的,用于第一中间区段25的填料的密度与这些区段24、26、27、28、和29(若存在)的密度不同。区段29的存在不是必要的。
这意味着,在构建该塔时,可以很晚地、在一旦已经作出生产氩或不生产氩的决定时作出关于有待安装在该第一中间区段中的填料容量的决定。可以制造出该主外壳和这些外部连接件,并且仅是区段25的安装决定塔2的最终用途。
要更改区段25的填料容量,存在许多可能性。如在EP-A-0707885中提出的,能够修改该填料区段的边缘,以减少在该区段的下部部分和/或上部部分中相对于该区段内部而言气体流动的阻力。
还能够选择用于区段25的填料比用于区段24和26的密度小至少50m2/m3。因此,用于区段25的填料可以具有350m2/m3的密度,而用于区段24和26的填料的平均密度为500m2/m3
目的是针对没有氩的情况选择比涉及氩的情况具有更高液泛极限的区段。这种极限的差异可以通过多种不同的方式获得,例如通过选择由具有不同几何形状的填料制成的区段,带或不带用于减少对气体流动的阻力的经修改的下部边缘等。
第一与第二中间区段之间提供了富液(富含氧的液体)入口。在该塔的上游,该液体被膨胀从而部分汽化,并且成为被输送到这两个区段之间的空间的液体流6和气体流6A。
第二和第三中间蒸馏区段之间提供了液化空气入口。在该塔的上游,该液体经膨胀从而部分汽化,并且成为被输送到这两个区段之间的空间的液体流8和气体流8A。
在上部区段28与(可选的)尖塔区段29之间提供了液氮入口17并且在该尖塔区段的顶部处提供了液氮入口18。如果没有尖塔,则将液氮输送到塔的顶部。
因此图1展示了连接成以无氩生产的双塔的低压塔运行的标准化塔2。
如果决定将同一个塔2用作供给氩生产塔的塔,则区段25的填料将具有与用于区段24、26、27、28以及(若存在)29的填料相同的密度(例如500m2/m3)。相比之下,必需在该塔中提供开口,如图2所示。
因此图2的塔的内部与图1相同,除了区段25的容量之外。在区段25中,管被连接到隔板71下方的下部部段,以将富含氩的气体携送至该氩分离塔。来自该塔的底部液体经由管21达到该下部部段。在该氩塔顶部处的冷凝器中汽化的富液经由管13到达该上部部段。
对于回流,富液6和汽化富氧液体6A到达第二和第三中间区段26、27,并且液化空气8和经汽化的液化空气8A到达第三中间区段27与上部区段28之间。这些氮入口与图1中的相同。
因此,在知道塔2是否将被用于生产氩之前,就可以在第一和第二中间区段25、26之间、在第二和第三中间区段26、27之间、以及在第三中间区段27和上部区段28之间形成开口。因而该塔被制造成具有将允许后续连接通向或来自该氩塔的流体管的并且还能够不论是否将生产氩都允许连接到该中压塔上的多个开口。
然后,将装配盲板凸缘或某种其他系统来封堵在不生产氩的情况下没有被使用的入口和出口、并且封堵在生产氩的情况下没有被使用的入口和出口。
如果生产氩,则第一和第二中间区段25、26之间的开口将被封堵,第二和第三间中间区段26、27之间的开口将允许富液到达,并且第三中间区段27和上部区段28之间的开口将允许液化空气到达。
如果不生产氩,则第一和第二中间区段25、26之间的开口将允许富液到达,第二和第三间中间区段26、27之间的开口将允许液化空气到达,并且第三中间区段27和上部区段28之间用于空气的开口将被封堵。
然而,被设计成用于氩生产的塔2与被设计成不用于生产氩的塔2之间仍可能存在其他差异。特别是,分配器的类型或尺寸可以塔与塔之间变化。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种使用低温蒸馏的空气分离单元,包括与低压塔(2)热连接的中压塔(1),该低压塔(2)具有外壳和至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28,29),每个蒸馏区段由一叠交叉波纹型结构填料包块构成,每个包块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,该低压塔的至少一个第一中间蒸馏区段(25)被辅助外壳所包绕,围绕该辅助外壳界定了空间,该空间在该塔的轴线方向上被划分成下部部段和上部部段,第二中间蒸馏区段以如下方式安排,使得在使用时该第二区段(26)位于该第一中间区段上方,这些中间区段位于该低压塔的中间部分中,并且不包括用于将流体从该低压塔的一个中间高度输送至另一塔以在该另一塔中进行分离的装置,其特征在于,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量、或甚至大于该塔的其他区段的容量,并且在于该中压塔包括第三中间蒸馏区段,该第三中间蒸馏区段以如下方式安排,使得在使用时该第三区段(27)位于该第二中间区段上方并且包括处于该第一和第二中间区段之间的空间内的第一开口、处于该第二和第三中间区段之间的空间内的第二开口、以及处于该第三区段上方的空间内的第三开口,该第一、第二和第三开口被设计成有待连接到一个液体输入管上,并且在该单元使用时,该第一或该第三开口是被封堵的并且该第二开口是打开的。
2.如权利要求1所述的单元,包括在该外壳中的、旨在将该上部部段和该下部部段与该塔的外部连接的多个开口,这些开口已经被封堵。
3.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)中的填料具有的密度比这些相邻区段(24,26)中的至少一者的密度小至少50m2/m3
4.如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该中压塔(1)是通过在该低压塔(2)的底部中的冷凝器-再沸器(4)与该低压塔热连接的。
5.如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)的容量大于这两个相邻区段(24,26)的容量。
6.如权利要求6所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)的容量大于该低压塔的其他区段(24,26,27,28,29)的容量。

Claims (8)

1.一种使用低温蒸馏的空气分离单元,包括与低压塔(2)热连接的中压塔(1),该低压塔(2)具有外壳和至少四个蒸馏区段(24,25,26,27,28,29),每个蒸馏区段由一叠交叉波纹型结构填料包块构成,每个包块包括一捆矩形波纹塔板,该低压塔的至少一个第一中间蒸馏区段(25)被辅助外壳所包绕,围绕该辅助外壳界定了空间,该空间在该塔的径向方向上被划分成下部部段和上部部段,该一个或多个中间区段位于该低压塔的中间部分中,其特征在于,该第一中间区段的容量大于至少一个相邻区段的容量、或甚至大于该塔的其他区段的容量,并且不包括用于将流体从该低压塔的一个中间高度输送至另一塔以在该另一塔中进行分离的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的单元,包括在该外壳中的、旨在将该上部部段和该下部部段与该塔的外部连接的多个开口,这些开口已经被封堵。
3.如权利要求1和2之一所述的单元,包括第二和第三中间蒸馏区段,该第二和第三中间蒸馏区段以如下方式安排,使得在使用时,该第二区段(26)位于该第一中间区段上方并且该第三区段(27)位于该第二中间区段上方,并且包括处于该第一和第二中间区段之间的空间内的第一开口、处于该第二和第三中间区段之间的空间内的第二开口、以及处于该第三区段上方的空间内的第三开口,该第一、第二和第三开口被设计成连接到液体输入管上,该第一或该第三开口是被封堵的并且该第二开口是打开的。
4.如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)中的填料具有的密度比这些相邻区段(24,26)中的至少一者的密度小至少50m2/m3
5.如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该中压塔(1)通过在该低压塔(2)的底部中的冷凝器-再沸器(4)与该低压塔热连接。
6.如以上权利要求之一所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)的容量大于这两个相邻区段(24,26)的容量。
7.如权利要求6所述的单元,其中,该第一中间区段(25)的容量大于该低压塔的其他区段(24,26,27,28,29)的容量。
8.一种通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法,其中将有待分离的空气输送至如以上权利要求之一所述的单元的中压塔(1),将富含氧的液体和富含氮的液体从该中压塔输送至该低压塔(2),将富含氮的流体(16,19)从该低压塔的顶部抽出并且将富含氧的流体(10)从该低压塔的底部抽出,并且在该低压塔的中间高度处不抽取流体输送到另一个塔。
CN201580008381.0A 2014-02-14 2015-02-13 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN105992923B (zh)

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WO2015121594A4 (fr) 2016-02-04
WO2015121594A2 (fr) 2015-08-20
FR3017698B1 (fr) 2019-03-29
EP3105520B1 (fr) 2022-01-26
CN106211791B (zh) 2019-12-31
CN106211791A (zh) 2016-12-07
WO2015121593A3 (fr) 2015-12-17
FR3017698A1 (fr) 2015-08-21
US10473392B2 (en) 2019-11-12
WO2015121594A3 (fr) 2015-12-17
EP3105520A2 (fr) 2016-12-21
WO2015121593A2 (fr) 2015-08-20
US20170023296A1 (en) 2017-01-26

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