Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
  • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
  • F25J3/04466—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases for producing oxygen as a mixing column overhead gas by mixing gaseous air feed and liquid oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
  • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
  • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
  • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
  • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
  • F25J3/04909—Structured packings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
  • F25J3/04915—Combinations of different material exchange elements, e.g. within different columns
  • F25J3/04921—Combinations of different material exchange elements, e.g. within different columns within the same column
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
  • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
  • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
  • B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
  • B01J2219/32258—Details relating to the extremities of the sheets, such as a change in corrugation geometry or sawtooth edges
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
  • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
  • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
  • B01J2219/32265—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets
  • B01J2219/32272—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets relating to blocks in superimposed layers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
  • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J2200/06—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
  • F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
  • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
  • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
  • F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
  • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
  • F25J2210/18—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas, shifted synthesis gas or purge gas from HYCO synthesis
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
  • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/24—Quasi-closed internal or closed external carbon monoxide refrigeration cycle

Definitions

• Distillation installation comprising columns with cross-corrugated structured packing and method for increasing the capacity of a distillation installation
• the present invention relates to a distillation installation comprising columns with cross-corrugated structured packing and to a method for increasing the capacity of a distillation installation.
• it is a cryogenic distillation installation.
• the cross-corrugated packings consist of modules or "packs" each of which is formed by a stack of corrugated strips obliquely, alternately in one direction and in the other. These strips can be perforated or not, and produced from smooth or textured sheets, generally metallic. Examples are described in GB-A-1 004 046 and in CA-A-1 095 827.
• the bands are contained in general vertical planes.
• the modules are generally rotated 90 ° around the axis of the column from one module to the next, and it has been shown that these changes of direction cause blockages at the interfaces between the modules which limit the load that can be treated by the column.
• WO-A-97/16 247 describes a wave whose generatrices are curved at each end to become vertical at the upper and lower edges of the module.
• the lower part of the module may contain more perforations than the central part
• the waves may be of reduced height in the lower part of the module compared to the height of the waves in a central region or the lower end of the module may contain cuts.
• These modified interface packings are much more sensitive to maldistribution than conventional unmodified interface packings.
• the gain in capacity of certain packings with modified interface decreases. Efficiency losses can also be observed at high liquid load, due to the entrainment of one phase by another.
• a module with an unmodified interface is a module of structured packings of the wavy-cross type having waves having substantially the same geometry over the entire height of the module, without cutouts at the lower end.
• a module with modified interface is a module of structured packings of the corrugated-cross type having waves with a central region inside the module and constituting at least 50% of the height of the module and a lower region going up to the lower end of the module, the module being modified in the lower region relative to the central region so that the resistance to the passage of a gas is reduced there compared to that of the gas in the central region.
• a module with modified interfaces is a module of structured packings of the corrugated-cross type having waves with a central region inside the module and constituting at least 50% of the height of the module, a lower region going up to the lower end of the module and an upper region extending to the upper end of the module, the module being modified in the lower and upper regions relative to the central region so that the resistance to the passage of a gas is there reduced compared to that of gas in the central region.
• the packings mentioned in this document preferably have a specific surface ranging from 250 m 2 / m 3 to 900 m 2 / m 3 . According to a preferred embodiment, these are perforated linings with a smooth surface.
• the module with modified interface is a module as described above but also comprising an upper region extending to the upper end of the module, the module being modified in the upper region relative to the central region so that the resistance to the passage of a gas is reduced there compared to that of the gas in the central region. All the resistance reduction means described in EP-A-0707885 can be envisaged.
• the waves have a modified geometry in the lower region (and possibly in the upper region) so that the generatrices of the corrugations are curved at one (each) end to become vertical at the lower (and upper) edge (s). ) of the module.
• the lower region may at the same time include other modifications which may reduce the resistance to the passage of gas.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a separation installation which overcomes the shortcomings of known installations and which, in particular, makes it possible to take advantage of the advantages of packings with modified interface while reducing the negative effects by judicious mixing of the packings with and without modified interface.
• a distillation installation possibly cryogenic, comprising a column system and means for sending a flow to be separated, possibly cooled and purified, in a column of the column system, at least one section of a column adapted to operate in operation i) with a rate ratio below a rate ratio threshold, this rate ratio being the ratio between its actual reflux rate and the minimum reflux rate of the section, and / or ii) with a charge ratio above a charge ratio threshold, this charge ratio being the ratio between a falling liquid flow rate and the section of the section, containing structured packings, the module (s) of which (s) is (are) with an unmodified interface and characterized in that at least one section of a column adapted to operate in operation at a rate ratio above the rate ratio threshold and / or with a load ratio in d essous of a load ratio threshold contains structured packings of which the module (s) has (have) at least one modified interface.
• the rate ratio threshold could be 1.05 and the load ratio threshold could be 400 l / h / dm 2 .
• the sections of a column adapted to operate in operation with a reflux rate ratio below the rate ratio threshold and / or with a charge ratio above the charge ratio threshold contain structured packings of which the module (s) is (are) with an unmodified interface and the sections of a column adapted to operate in operation at a rate of reflux rate above the rate ratio threshold and / or at a ratio load below the load ratio threshold contain structured packings whose modules have at least one modified interface.
• the installation may be a cryogenic air distillation installation comprising a medium pressure column and a low pressure column thermally connected to each other, optionally a column operating at an intermediate pressure between the medium and low pressures and means for supplying this column to from the medium pressure column, means for sending air at least to the medium pressure column and in which for the medium pressure column and / or the low pressure column and possibly the intermediate pressure column, at least one lower section of the column contains an unmodified interface module and at least one upper section contains a modified interface module.
• the installation may be a cryogenic air distillation installation comprising a medium pressure column and a thermally connected low pressure column, an argon column, means for sending air at least to the medium pressure column and means to send an argon-enriched gas from the low pressure column to the argon column in which at least one of the sections of the argon column, preferably all of the sections of the argon column, contain an interface module (s) not modified when at least one section of the low pressure column or the medium pressure column contains a module with modified interface.
• a cryogenic air distillation installation comprising a medium pressure column and a thermally connected low pressure column, an argon column, means for sending air at least to the medium pressure column and means to send an argon-enriched gas from the low pressure column to the argon column in which at least one of the sections of the argon column, preferably all of the sections of the argon column, contain an interface module (s) not modified when at least one section of the low pressure column or the medium pressure column contains a module with modified interface.
• the installation may be a cryogenic distillation installation comprising a medium pressure column and a thermally connected low pressure column, a mixing column, means for sending air at least to the medium pressure column and means for sending an oxygen-enriched liquid from the low pressure column and air to the mixing column in which at least one of the sections of the mixing column, preferably all the sections of the mixing column, contain a module with unmodified interface when at least one section of the low pressure column or the medium pressure column contains a module with modified interface.
• the installation can be a cryogenic distillation installation of a mixture mainly comprising carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen and / or nitrogen and / or methane comprising a methane washing column and / or a nitrogen washing column and / or distillation column and / or stripping column.
• This type of installation may include a methane washing column, a stripping column, means for sending the mixture to the methane washing column and means for sending a liquid from the bottom of the washing column to the methane at the top of the stripping column in which the stripping column contains at least one module with unmodified interface and the washing column contains at least one module with modified interface (s).
• At least one section of a column is adapted to operate in operation i) with a rate ratio below a rate ratio threshold, this rate ratio being the ratio between its actual reflux rate and the rate minimum reflux of the section, and / or ii) with a charge ratio above a charge ratio threshold, this charge ratio being the ratio between a descending liquid flow rate and the section of the section, contains only packings structured whose module (s) is (are) with unmodified interface and at least one section of a column adapted to operate in operation at a rate ratio above the rate ratio threshold and / or with a load ratio below a load ratio threshold contains only structured packings of which the module (s) has (have) at least one modified interface.
• a distillation process optionally cryogenic, is provided in an apparatus comprising a column system comprising the steps of a) sending a cooled and purified flow to be separated in a column of the column system, b) separating the flow rate in the column system to form fluids enriched in at least one component of the mixture, at least one section of a column operating i) with a rate ratio below a rate ratio threshold, this rate ratio being the ratio between its actual reflux rate and the minimum reflux rate of the section, and / or ii) with a load ratio above a load ratio threshold, this load ratio being the ratio between a descending liquid flow and the section of the section, and containing structured packings whose module (s) have an unmodified interface and characterized in that at least one section of a column operates at a ratio rate above the rate ratio threshold and / or with a load ratio below a load ratio threshold and contains structured packings of which the module (s) has (have) at least one modified interface.
• a method for increasing the capacity of at least one column of a distillation installation, possibly cryogenic comprising a system of columns containing only modules with non-interface modified or trays by replacing certain modules or trays with modules with modified interface (s) comprising the step of installing modules with modified interface (s) in at least some of, preferably only the , sections adapted to operate with a rate ratio above a rate ratio threshold, this rate ratio being the ratio between its actual reflux rate and the minimum reflux rate of the section, and / or with a ratio of charge below a threshold of the charge ratio, this charge ratio being the ratio between a falling liquid flow rate and the section of the section.
• modules with modified interface (s) are not installed in at least some of, preferably, sections adapted to operate with a rate ratio below a rate ratio threshold, this ratio rate being the ratio between its actual reflux rate and the minimum reflux rate of the section, and / or with a load ratio above a threshold of the load ratio, this load ratio being the ratio between a flow rate of liquid descending and the section of the section.
• the packing modules are replaced in the upper part of a column (the part with the highest gas load), preferably only the head section, by (a) module (s) with modified interface (s) and leaving the modules with unmodified interface in the lower part of the column.
• Figure 1 shows an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation comprising a medium pressure column, a low pressure column.
• Figure 2 shows an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation comprising a medium pressure column, a low pressure column and an argon column
• Figure 3 represents an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation comprising a medium pressure column, a column low pressure and a mixing column.
• FIG. 4 shows an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation comprising a single column.
• FIG. 5 represents an apparatus for separating a mixture comprising as main constituents hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and optionally l 'nitrogen.
• FIG. 1 shows a medium pressure column 1 thermally connected to a low pressure column 3 by means of a reboiler 5 which condenses the nitrogen at the top of the medium pressure column and returns condensed nitrogen there as reflux.
• Gaseous air 7 is sent to the tank of the medium pressure column 1 as well as liquid air 9. Between the two air inlets is a section of packings A.
• the flow 11 coming from the head of the column is sent to the head of the low pressure column and the flow 13 is sent from an intermediate level of the medium pressure column to an intermediate level of the low pressure column 3.
• the liquid air inlet 9 and the liquid nitrogen outlet 13 are separated by a section B and the liquid nitrogen outlets 13 and 11 are separated by a section C.
• a flow of rich liquid 15 is sent from the tank of the medium pressure column 1 to an intermediate level of the low pressure column 3 and a section D separates the tank of the low pressure column and the inlet level of rich liquid.
• a second liquid air flow 17 is sent to the low pressure column
• a section E separates the rich liquid inlet 15 and the liquid air inlet 17.
• a section F separates the air inlet 17 and the liquid nitrogen inlet 13 and a section G separates the inlet liquid nitrogen 11 and 13.
• sending liquid nitrogen 13 at the head of the column is optional and therefore the sections F and G (and respectively B and C) can constitute a single section.
• the sending of liquid air 17 is optional and therefore the sections E and F can constitute a single section and the sending of liquid air 9 is optional and therefore the sections A and B can constitute a single section.
• the section A contains packings with unmodified interface and the sections B and C contain packings with modified interface.
• the medium pressure column can only contain trays.
• the section D contains packings with unmodified interface and the sections E, F and G contain packings with modified interface.
• Figure 2 shows a double column which differs from that of Figure 1 in that the low pressure column is connected to an argon column. Therefore section D is split to form three sections D1, D2, D3.
• the section D1 separates the tank from the low pressure column and the outlet of argon-enriched gas 25 intended for the argon column 21 as well as the inlet of tank liquid 27 coming from the argon column.
• section D1 Part of the rich liquid is sent to the overhead condenser 31 of the argon column 21 where it partially vaporizes producing a flow of vaporized rich liquid 35 and a flow of non-vaporized rich liquid 37, both being sent to the low pressure column at the space between section D2 and section D3.
• the rest of the rich liquid is sent above the section D3.
• At least section D1 contains only modules without modified interfaces.
• the section D2 contains only modules without modified interfaces and even more preferably the section D3 contains only modules without modified interfaces.
• Sections E, F and G only contain modules with modified interfaces.
• section H In the argon column itself there are two sections H and I, the flow rich in argon being withdrawn above the section I.
• the two sections H and I contain only modules with unmodified interface (s).
• section H can contain modules with unmodified interface and section I contains modules with modified interface (s).
• Figure 3 differs from Figure 1 in that it comprises a mixing column 41. Supplied to the tank by an air flow 39 and at the top by liquid oxygen 43 pumped into a pump 45, it contains two sections J, K. Gaseous oxygen 47 is produced at the top of the column 41. The tank liquid 49 is mixed with the rich liquid and sent to the low pressure column. A very rich liquid flow 51 is drawn between the sections J and K, expanded and sent to the low pressure column. The section K (most loaded with liquid) and possibly the section J contain modules with unmodified interface while at least some of the sections of the double column contain modules with modified interface. Preferably the type of packing used for the double column is as described for FIG.
• the section A contains packings with unmodified interface and the sections B and C contain packings with interface ( s) modified (s) and for the low pressure column, section D contains packings with unmodified interface; sections E, F and G contain only modules with modified interface (s).
• the medium pressure column can only contain trays.
• Figure 4 shows a single column air separation system.
• the single column 1 is supplied with a flow of gaseous air 7.
• a flow of rich liquid 15 is withdrawn from the bottom of the column and sent to the overhead condenser 5 where it vaporizes.
• the head nitrogen partially condenses in the condenser 5.
• a flow of nitrogen gas 13 is drawn off a few trays below the head of the column as product.
• the column comprises two sections, A below the withdrawal of nitrogen gas 13 and C above this withdrawal.
• the section A contains at least one module, the module or modules being lining modules with modified interface (s) while the section C contains at least one module, the module or modules being with unmodified interface.
• Figure 5 shows an installation for separating a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane with three columns.
• This mixture 1 is purified in 3, cooled in an exchanger 5 and sent to a methane washing column 7.
• the tank liquid 13 of this washing column is expanded and sent to the head of a stripping column 19.
• the tank liquid 23 of the stripping column is then separated in a distillation column 27 into a gas rich in carbon monoxide 31 and a liquid rich in methane 28 at least part of which is recycled to the washing column 7.
• the installation is kept cold by a carbon monoxide cycle which heats the tanks of columns 19, 27 and which cools the head of column 27 and which includes a compressor 35 also serving to compress the product 37 and a turbine 41.
• the washing column 7 contains modules with modified interface (s) L, M, N, O and the distillation column 29 contains two modules with modified interface (s) Q, R.
• the exhaustion column 19 contains only one module with unmodified interface P.

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• 2003
  • 2003-05-09 FR FR0350150A patent/FR2854579B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-04-30 WO PCT/FR2004/001052 patent/WO2004102095A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-04-30 US US10/556,622 patent/US20080029381A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-30 EP EP04742618A patent/EP1642072A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-04-30 CN CNB2004800125849A patent/CN100368748C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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