CN1041126C - 间接热交换器 - Google Patents

间接热交换器 Download PDF

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CN1041126C
CN1041126C CN92113752A CN92113752A CN1041126C CN 1041126 C CN1041126 C CN 1041126C CN 92113752 A CN92113752 A CN 92113752A CN 92113752 A CN92113752 A CN 92113752A CN 1041126 C CN1041126 C CN 1041126C
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heat exchanger
passage
switching path
liquid
hot switching
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阿鲁罗·帕斯卡尔
格里劳德·阿兰
文奈特·弗朗索斯
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/108—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with combined cross flow and parallel flow

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本热交换器的叶片(7)限定了通道(8A)的一第一组合件以及通道(8B)的一第二组合件，上述通道(8A)用于热交换，而上述通道(8B)则在其至少一部分范围内与所述通道(8A)有少量热交换关系或几乎没有热交换关系，并用于完成除热交换功能外的辅助功能，即贮存液体功能、和/或使液体循环功能、和/或气体/液体分离功能。

Description

间接热交换器
本发明涉及板片式间接热交换器，该种热交换器包括一系列平行的板片，这些板片用于限定它们之间的通用板状通道，这些通道中有波纹状的横挡；这些通道的第一组件构成热交换通道，包括用于彼此进行热交换的流体的入口/出口装置。
这类热交换器的结构是合理的。这样，它足以安放所有热交换器的元件(叶片、用作横档和横梁的波纹状部件、上述通道的封闭板)并通过铜焊这一单一操作而使诸元件相互接合。
由于要使热交换器的多个附件诸如阀门或相分离器连接以获得热交换器的附加功能：使液体再循环、稳定地填加液体、两相流的相分离态等，因而实际上会部分地失去上述优点。而且，在多数情况下，都要把热交换器安置在一液体保持室诸如蒸馏塔的底部内。所有的这些操作都是要比铜焊产量低的金工操作。
本发明的目的在于提供减少有关的金工操作的板片式间接热交换器。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种间接热交换器，它包括一系列平行的板片，这些板片用于限定它们之间的总的由板片形成的通道，上述通道含有波纹状隔板，这些通道的一组件为热交换通道，包括用于彼此进行热交换的流体的入口与出口装置，所述的热交换器包括附加通道，延伸过所述热交换器的长度与宽度的至少一部分，用于完成除热交换以外的至少一个功能，即贮存液体的功能、使液体再循环的功能、分离液体-气体的功能，其特征在于所述的附加通道都相互邻近，并与上述热交换通道略有或没有热交换关系。
最好，上述附加通道比所述热交换通道厚；
最好，上述附加通道具有的波纹密度比所述热交换通道的小；
最好，上述附加通道与所述的热交换通道是分开的，而且，每一附加通道均如热交换通道一样延伸过热交换器的整个长度和整个宽度。
最好，热交换器的一些通道构成热交换器部分宽度上的热交换通道和余下宽度上的附加通道。
最好，热交换器的一些通道构成热交换器部分长度上的热交换通道和余下长度上的附加通道。
最好，上述附加通道包括液体-气体分离通道，这些通道中有用于液体-气体分离的填充物，该填充物朝向两相流体的入口安放。
最好，上述填充物由带有倾斜壁面的“齿状”波纹部分构成；
最好，上述液体-气体分离通道在其上端包括一气体出口孔道，该孔道用一出口联箱盖住，而此联箱则与使气体返回到热交换器不同层次上的返回通道相通连。
本发明的实施例将参照附图予以说明，在附图中：
图1是本发明中热交换器的透视图，其中有部分部件被剖示；
图2至图4分别显示了上述热交换器三种类型通道的垂直截面；
图5概略地显示了上述热交换器的变形型式；
图6与图1相类似，它显示了本发明热交换器的第二个实施例；
图7与图8分别显示了上述热交换器两种类型通道的垂直截面；
图9和图10分别与图7和图8相类似，是图6所示热交换器的变形型式；
图11和图12分别与图7和图8相类似，是图6所示热交换器的另一种变形型式；
图13和图14分别与图7和图8相类似，为图6所示热交换器的又一种变形型式。
图15概略地显示了本发明中热交换器第三实施例的应用；
图16与图1相类似，它显示了上述第三实施例；
图17与图18分别显示了图16中热交换器两种类型通道的垂直截面。
图1至图4所示之热交换器是热虹吸式液体汽化器。以下所要说明的是，它被用作复式空气蒸馏塔的主要汽化器-冷凝器，作为中间压力塔顶部具有约六巴绝对压力的气态氮和下部压力塔底部具有约一巴绝对压力的液态氧的热交换器，以便在冷凝氮气的同时汽化液态氧。
热交换器1包括：一铝制平行六面体主体2，该主体通过在炉内铜焊这一单一操作装配而成；三个半圆柱形联箱3至5，它们用作流体的入口与出口；一上部拱顶6；通过焊接将元件3至6密封地固定在主体2上。
所述主体2由大量的垂直板片7组成，在这些板片之间限定了板片状通道8，而这些板片间有带有垂直壁面的波纹状定距板9。上述通道由封闭板10所限定，封闭板在图2至图4中用粗线表示。在以下的叙述中，“长度”是指主体2的垂直尺寸，“厚度”是指与板片7垂直的水平尺2，而“宽度”则是指与上述板片平行的水平尺寸。
所述主体2包括并列的两个部分：图1左侧的热交部分2A；图1右侧的附加部分2B，此部分用以承担使液体再循环、液体-气体分离、贮存液体以及向热交换部分2A均匀地填加液体等功能。
热交换部分2A的通道8A有两种不同的类型，分别如图2及图3所示：
(1)用于冷凝氮气的诸通道8A-1，在其宽度方向上、高度方向上及底部均为密闭的，它们包括：位于其上端侧部的气态氮入口孔道11；以及朝向此入口孔道的倾斜波纹12，该波纹用于将气态氮分配到所有上述通道的幅宽方向上。上述联箱3覆盖了所有的孔道11并由填加导管13供给气态氮。诸通道8A-1还包括：一位于其下端侧部、与上端气态氮入口孔道同侧的液态氮出口孔道14；以及与此出口孔道相对向的倾斜波纹15，该波纹用于将液态氮聚集至孔道14。上述联箱4覆盖了所有的孔道14以使液态氮离开该孔道并经由导管16排出。
(2)用于汽化氧气的诸通道8A-2，在其底部的宽度方向上是密闭的，但在其顶部的宽度方向上则是开放的，它们包括：位于其下端侧部的液态氧入口通孔17A；以及朝向此入口孔道的倾斜波纹18A，此波纹用于将液态氧分配到所有上述通道的幅宽方向上。上述联箱5覆盖了所有的孔道17A。
图4所示之附加部分2B的诸通道8B具有与氧的汽化通道8A-2相同的结构，其孔道17B也与联箱5相通连。但是，其垂直波纹9B之间的间距要大于通道8A-1之波纹9A-1的间距，也大于通道8A-2之波纹9A-2的间距，由于上述波纹有较大的间距，所以其厚度也要比通道8A-1的厚度大，同时也比通道8A-2的厚度大。
从以上的说明中可以看出，联箱5遍布于热交换器主体的整个厚度方向上，也就是说，它覆盖了2A与2B两部分，而联箱3与4则只延伸于2A一部分上。
所述拱顶6沿主体2的平行六面体的上部所有四个边而与之接合。它带有一液态氧填加导管19和一气态氧出口导管20，气态氧经由拱顶6的上方离去。
在运行中，气态氮经由通道8A-1下降时，在约六巴绝对压力下被冷凝，而此时在通道8A-2和通道8B内充满了约一巴绝对压力的液态氧至拱顶所有的水平面，如图1所示。
冷凝氮气所放出的热量使诸通道8A-2内的液态氧汽化，从而因热虹吸作用引起这些通道内液态氧的上升循环。并在这些通道里沿向上方向渐渐形成气化了的氧的气泡，即有一两相混合物离开这些通道的上端。
液态氧在通道8A-2中不会下降，而是向上循环的，它在上部密闭的通道8A-2中也不会下降，但液态氧在通道8B中却是能下降的，并在通8B的下端经由侧部孔道17B(图4)进入联箱5。此后，上述液态氧沿联箱5流至作为通道8A-2入口的孔道17A(图3)，从而使通道8A-2中充满了液态氧。
因此，诸通道8B保证了多余液态氧的再循环、氧的两相分离和液态氧的贮存，使液态氧无间断且均匀地从给汽化通道8A-2。
在大多数通道8B中，任何汽化现象都不会妨碍液态氧的下降循环，这是因为这些通道与氮气通道不具有热交换关系的缘故。上述情况对与主体2热交换部分2A相邻的那些通道8B来说则略有不同，在这些通道中，热交换也减至较小，是因为一方面靠近通道8A-2，另一方面通道8B具有较大的厚度和/或波纹9B具有较大间距，从而导致板片换热的减少。
图5中变形后的热交换器仅在下列方面与业已说明的热交换器有所不同：主体2的附加部分2B分成两个子部分2B-1和2B-2，这两部分包围了热交换部分2A。该图示出附加通道8B能以不同的方式放置。但是，图1中的结构在实践中却是更好的，其中对通道8B的加热是较小的。
图6至图8中所示之热交换器的实施例与前述热交换器的基本区别是：主体2的部分2A和2B不再沿热交换器的厚度方向放置，而是沿热交换器的宽度方向放置，这就是说，每一通道8的一部分起热交换作用，另一部分则起附加功能的作用。
这样，在两种通道中，一种是具有如上述图2所示之结构的氮气冷凝通道8A-1，此通道位于主体的绝大部分宽度方向上(图7)，附带有具有开放顶部与底部的附加通道8B-1，此通道位于主体余下的宽度方向上并具有简单的垂直波纹9B；通道8A-1和8B-1由一垂直封闭板10在主体的整个长度方向上以密封的方式相分隔。
另一种通道是(图8)：两端开放的氧汽化通道8A-2，此通道位于与通道8A-1相同的宽度上并朝向通道8A-1，而且，此通道还包含简单的垂直波纹；附带有与通道8B-1类似的附加通道8B-2；而且在通道8A-2和8B-2中间有一垂直封闭板10。
图1中向通道8A-2填加液态氧的联箱5被略去了，取而代之的是下部拱顶21，此拱顶通过密封连接件与主体2的四个底边密封相接。这样，就可以直接从底部向通道8A-2填加液态氧。
作为一种变型(图9与图10)，通道8B-1的下部是密闭的，而且，下部拱顶21由安放在通道8B-1内的板片7底部位的孔洞22所取代。液态氧经由侧部孔道17A通过汽化通道8A-2，而该侧部孔道则位于两封闭板10中一个的底部，此后，液态氧由倾斜的波纹18A以图3中所示之相同的方式沿通道8A-2长度方向分流。
上述型式能以图11和图12所示之方式加以修改：略去孔洞22，每一通道8B-1包括一位于底部的出口孔道17B-1和一如图1至图4所示之倾斜波纹部件18B，而每一通道8B-2则包括一位于底部的入口孔道17B-2。值得注意的是，图2至图4的联箱5覆盖了整个孔道17B-1和17B-2。而且，通道8B-2的下部包括一带有水平壁面的波纹部件23，如图所示，它是“齿状”的，也就是说，孔道每隔一固定的距离都垂直偏移波纹间距的四分之一长度。
作为另一种型式(图13和图14)，仅在通道8A-1和8B-1之间提供有垂直板10，而在通道8A-1和8B-2之间则没有封闭板，通道8A-1和8B-2仅包括共用的垂直无隙波纹，而且，在其下部包括有三角形水平波纹24，该波纹延伸于热交换器的整个宽度方向上。
在上述型式的两种通道中的一种中，液态氧在区域8B-2内向下流，再沿波纹24水平流动，然后在区域8A-2内上升。在区域8A-2中，液态氧将与通道8A-1内冷凝的氮进行间接热交换，而通道8B-1则为死水区，其上部是开放的，由此填加液态氧，如图所示，或者，作为一种改进的型式，其两端均为封闭的。
图15概略地显示了将一板式热交换器用作蒸馏器以生产诸如氮。在两侧通道的一侧中，在约六巴绝对压力下输入的空气在上升的同时部分地冷凝了，如箭头25所示，因而在这些通道的底部产生了“富液”(高浓度氧的空气)LR，而在这些通道的顶部则产生了气态氮NG。
为了确保空气冷凝，上述富液在膨胀阀26内膨胀至一巴绝对压力，上述膨胀阀用于闪蒸富液。上述通道的上部用于分离两相富液，这两相富液在另一侧通道内重新结合，而且，在另一侧通道内，致冷的低压两相富液从顶部循环至底部，然后以汽化了的富液LRV的形式排出。
图16至18显示了这种热交换器的结构。
两侧通道中(图17)的一侧用水平档板27分成两部分：
(1)主要的热交换部分28，此部分从热交换器的底部开始延伸，它自底向上地包括：一用于空气分配和富液聚集的区域29；分馏区域30以及用于聚集与排出气态氮的区域31。所述区域29包括倾斜的多孔流纹32，该波纹与侧部空气入口也道33相通，在该波纹的下方，包括垂直波纹34，此波纹与作为富液出口的下部孔道35相通。所述区域30包括垂直波纹36，而所述区域31则包括倾斜的波纹37，该波纹与用于排出氮气的侧部孔道38相通。用于空气入口的联箱39、用于富液出口的联箱40以及用于氮气出口的联箱41分别与孔道33、35及38相通连。
(2)包括相分离器的附加上部部分42，此部分自底向上地包括：低高度不带波纹的区域，在该区域内，每一垂直叶片上都带有一排水平孔洞43；含有垂直波纹44的区域；含有“齿形”波纹(45)的区域，所说的“齿形”波纹带有倾斜的壁面并与侧部入口孔道46相通连；含有垂直波纹47的区域；以及含有倾斜波纹48的区域，所说的倾斜波纹与出口孔道49相通。用于两相富液入口的联箱50和用于汽化了的富液的出口的联箱51分别覆盖于孔道46和49。
另一侧通道60(图18)自顶向下地包括：用于汽化了的富液的入口区域，此区域与侧部入口孔道52相通连并含有倾斜的波纹53；含有垂直波纹54的区域；低高度不带波纹并开有孔洞43的区域；带有垂直波纹55的热交换区域；以及含有倾斜波纹56的汽化了的富液的出口区域，所述倾斜波纹与出口孔道57相通。联箱51与孔道52相通连，同时，出口联箱58亦与孔道57相连。
当膨胀了的富液以两相的形式进入联箱50再进入图17所示之区域42时，会遇到许多由“齿形”波纹部件45形成的小障碍。这就会使两相富液相分离。液态富液会聚集至档板27上，并通过孔洞43以液流的方式进入图18所示之相邻的通道60中。同时，气相经由联箱51流向相邻通道的孔道52，例如，该气态富液沿波纹54向下循环并在孔洞43处与液态富液相会合，从而形成了用于致冷的两相富液，该富液在沿波纹55下降时被气化了。
在一未显示的改型后的型式中，相分离区42可以用于使分离出的气态富液经由联箱51与含有波纹54的通道返回至热交换器的不同层次，例如返回到热交换器的下端。在这种情况下，气态富液由一出口联箱所聚集并由该联箱送至热交换器的其它通道中，因而从侧部离开所在的层次。

Claims (12)

1.一种间接热交换器，它包括一系列平行的板片(7)，这些板片用于限定它们之间的总的由板片形成的通道(8A、8B；28、42、60)，上述通道含有波纹状隔板(9；32，34，36，37，44，47，48，53至56)，这些通道的一组件(8A；28，60)为热交换通道，包括用于彼此进行热交换的流体的入口与出口装置(3至5，39至41，51)，所述的热交换器包括附加通道(8B；42)，延伸过所述热交换器的长度与宽度的至少一部分，用于完成除热交换以外的至少一个功能，即贮存液体的功能、使液体再循环的功能、分离液体-气体的功能，其特征在于所述的附加通道都相互邻近，并与上述热交换通道(8A，28，60)略有或没有热交换关系。
2.如权利要求1所述之热交换器，其特征在于：所述附加通道(8B；42)要比热交换通道(8A；28，60)厚。
3.如权利要求1或2所述之热交换器，其特征在于：上述附加通道(8B；42)所含波纹(9)的密度要比所述热交换通道(8A，28，60)的小。
4.如权利要求1所述之热交换器，其特征在于：所述附加通道(8B)与所述热交换通道(8A)是分开的，而且，每一附加通道均如热交换通道一样延伸过热交换器的整个长度和整个宽度。
5.如权利要求4所述之热交换器，其特征在于第一流体的进口装置(5)延伸穿过热交换器主体的全部厚度，而第二流体的进口装置(3)及第二流体的出口装置(4)只穿过仅包括热交换通道(8A)的热交换器的部分厚度(2A)。
6.如权利要求1所述之热交换器，其特征在于：某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分宽度上的热交换通道(8A)和在热交换器余下宽度上的附加通道(8B)。
7.如权利要求6所述之热交换器，其特征在于热交换通道(8A)供有来自一下部拱顶(21)的液体，该下部拱顶(21)通过密封连接件与热交换器的底边连接。
8.如权利要求6所述之热交换器，其特征在于热交换通道(8A)通过分隔通道的板(7)中的孔洞(22)与附加通道(8B)连通。
9.如权利要求1所述之热交换器，其特征在于：某些热交换器的通道构成了在热交换器部分长度上的热交换通道(8A)和在热交换器余下长度上的附加通道(8B)。
10.如权利要求1所述之热交换器，其特征在于，所述附加通道包括液体与气体分离通道(42)，这些通道含有一用于液体/气体分离的填充物(45)，该填充物朝向两相流体的入口孔道(46)安放。
11.如权利要求10所述之热交换器，其特征在于：所述填充物(45)由一带有倾斜壁面的“齿状”波纹部件构成。
12.如权利要求10所述之热交换器，其特征在于：所述液体-气体分离通道(42)在其上端包括一气体出口孔道(49)，该孔道用一出口联箱(51)盖住，而此联箱则与使气体返回到热交换器不同层次上的返回通道相通连。
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FR2685071B1 (fr) 1996-12-13
CA2084920A1 (fr) 1993-06-12
CN1073259A (zh) 1993-06-16
JPH05280881A (ja) 1993-10-29
DE69209994D1 (de) 1996-05-23
EP0546947A1 (fr) 1993-06-16
US5333683A (en) 1994-08-02
FR2685071A1 (fr) 1993-06-18
DE69209994T2 (de) 1996-09-05
EP0546947B1 (fr) 1996-04-17

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