CN1130251C - 规整填料 - Google Patents

规整填料 Download PDF

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CN1130251C
CN1130251C CN00118766A CN00118766A CN1130251C CN 1130251 C CN1130251 C CN 1130251C CN 00118766 A CN00118766 A CN 00118766A CN 00118766 A CN00118766 A CN 00118766A CN 1130251 C CN1130251 C CN 1130251C
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structured packing
corrugated plate
plane member
perforation
length
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CN1280876A (zh
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凯文·麦凯格
拉马钱德兰·克里希纳穆尔蒂
亨德里克·阿德里安·科艾曼
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BOC Inc
Linde LLC
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种规整填料，它包括：多个波纹片；以及多个平整的平面状构件，它们与所述波纹片交错设置并设置在所述波纹片之间，用以防止蒸气上升通过所述规整填料时发生紊流现象。所述多个平整的平面状构件是这样定位的，即，在对所述规整填料处于使用状态进行观察时，所述平面状构件和所述波纹片的至少一个水平边缘彼此相互紧邻。当所述平面状构件的长度和宽度基本上等于所述波纹片的长度和宽度时，所述平面状构件和波纹片具有一些穿孔，所述穿孔具有一定尺寸，从而可以防止横向的液体和蒸气流动，同时还可以使压力平衡。可以对各穿孔的尺寸和数量加以优化，以进行空气分离作业。

Description

规整填料
本申请是于1999年6月25日申请的、目前尚未授权的美国申请No.09/344,647的部分继续申请。
本发明涉及一种特别适用于空气分离方法的规整填料，其中，所述填料由多个波纹片和多个平整的平面状构件制成，所述平面状构件与波纹片交错设置并位于所述波纹片之间，以防止蒸气紊流。所述平面状构件的尺寸可以与所述波纹片的尺寸基本相同，或者其长度小于所述波纹片的长度。当长度基本相等时，所述波纹片和所述平整的平面状构件具有一些穿孔，所述穿孔具有一定尺寸，从而可以防止蒸气和液体流动，同时可以使规整填料的横向压力平衡。当所述平面状构件的长度小于波纹片的长度时，可以在所述波纹片之间设置一个或多个平面状构件。
规整填料在多种蒸馏作业中得到了广泛的应用，例如用在将空气分离成其各组份的作业中。所述蒸馏作业是在蒸馏塔内进行的，所述蒸馏塔装有一些传质件，从而可使上行的蒸气相与待分离的下行混合物的液相相接触。当上行相上升并与下行的液相相接触时，它变得越来越富含待分离混合物的较具有强挥发性的组份，与此同时，下行的液相变得越来越浓缩地带有待分离混合物的弱挥发性组份。以此方式，可以利用一些蒸馏塔系统来对各种混合物组份进行分离。例如，在空气分离作业中，可以在一双蒸馏塔装置内，将氮气与氧气相分离。然后，在一与这种双蒸馏塔装置的低压塔相连的氩气塔内，使氩气与氧气相分离。
规整填料被广泛地用作蒸馏塔内的传质件，这是由于它们具有低压降的特性。规整填料一般包括一些波纹片，所述波纹片并排设置，并且相邻两波纹片的波纹彼此相互呈十字形交叉。使用时，待分离混合物的液相分布到所述填料的顶部，并以一下行薄膜的形式扩散于所述填料。当它下行时，这种混合物的蒸气相通过与所述液体相接触的各波纹而上升。
在已有技术中，人们作了很多努力来提高规整填料的效率，也就是，降低理论塔板等效高度(HETP)。显然，所述高度越低，所述填料的效率就越大。与此同时，HETP较低的规整填料在填料效率较低的填料上会具有较大的压降，在美国专利4,597,916中揭示了一种这样的规整填料，其中，各波纹片藉助一些平整的穿孔片而彼此相互隔开，所述穿孔片延伸通过整个填料。人们认为，这种已有技术填料的平整穿孔片可以藉助提供一些附加的界面面积以供蒸气—液体相接触、并藉助增大蒸气流内的紊流从而增大蒸气相和液相之间的混合程度而提高效率。与本发明不同的是，它的横向混合也由于一些经特殊设计和具有特定尺寸以促进液体和蒸气沿填料横向流动的穿孔而增加了。
从下面的讨论可以知道，本发明旨在提供一种与已有技术不同、不是单纯地优化其效率而是着眼于使蒸气顺畅流动的规整填料。通过这种优化，可以提高填料的性能，因而在使用它时可以使这种填料的经济效益较高。
但是，本发明的填料防止横向的液体和蒸气流动，因此可以降低混合程度。混合程度的降低是提高填料性能的一个重要因素。
本发明提供了一种规整填料，它包括：多个波纹片；以及多个平整的平面状构件，它们与所述波纹片交错设置并设置在所述波纹片之间，从而可以防止蒸气上升通过所述规整填料而发生紊流现象。所述平面状构件的长度和宽度可以等于波纹片的长度或宽度或小于波纹片的长度。所述多个平整的平面状构件是被定位成：对所述规整填料处于使用状态进行观察时，所述平面状构件和紧邻所述波纹片的所述至少一个水平边缘彼此之间是相互紧邻的。在本文中，所述长度和宽度是指也是当所述规整填料处于使用状态对其进行观察时的、所述规整填料、平面状构件和波纹片的尺寸。所述长度尺寸是平行于所述规整填料置于其中的蒸馏塔的纵轴测得的。
在本发明的一实施例中，各平面状构件的长度和宽度基本上等于所述波纹片的长度和宽度，每一所述平面状构件和所述波纹片均具有一些穿孔，所述穿孔具有一定尺寸，从而可以防止液体和蒸气的横向流动，但同时还可以使压力平衡。在另一实施例中，将一个或多个平面状构件或带状件置于所述波纹片之间，而且它们可以是穿孔的或不穿孔的。
本实施例的一例子包括若干对平面状构件，它们位于所述波纹片之间，并且彼此相互隔开，从而可以使所述平面状构件与所述波纹片的最上、最下水平边缘相互对齐。
在一些实施例中，具有一些穿孔，每一所述穿孔的直径在所述波纹片的波纹槽宽的大约5％和大约40％之间的范围内(那是在波纹相邻峰或谷之间的所测得值)。所述直径可以在所述槽宽的大约5％和大约20％之间。较佳的是，所述直径是所述波纹槽宽的大约10％。而且，所述穿孔可以形成所述平面状构件的一敞口面积，该敞口面积在一为所述平面状构件总面积的大约5％和大约20％之间的范围内。所述平面状构件的所述敞口面积可以在所述总面积的大约7％和大约15％之间。较佳的是，所述平面状构件的所述敞口面积是所述总面积的大约10％。
所述平面状构件的长度可以小于所述波纹片的长度。在该实施例中，较佳的是，所述长度小于大约1/3、更佳的是小于大约1/5的所述波纹片长度。当平面状构件的长度小于大约1/3的所述波纹片长度时，通常可以发生足够的压力平衡现象，并且通常不需要穿孔。
业已发现，按上述方式设计的一种规整填料其HETP比已有技术的规整填料的HETP略大。鉴于以下事实，即，具有中间平面状构件的填料其表面积要大于没有这种平面状构件的类似填料的表面积，因此，这是令人惊讶的。另一个不曾预料到的特征是，本发明每一实施例的所有填料将以更高的蒸气速率液泛。有多种判据可用来描述这种液泛状态，例如，过度的压降。在所有情况中，如果画出HETP对F因子(其中，F因子是表面蒸气速度和蒸气密度的平方根的乘积)的关系曲线，则，曲线斜率的急剧升高就表明有液泛现象。HETP的上升表示有蒸气支承着下行的液体，从而可以使蒸馏塔出现堵塞现象且使分离作业中断。液泛点的增大可以使通过蒸馏塔的流率增大，因此，在给定的填料容积的情况下，可以提高生产率。这样就可以使用一些采用较少填料的蒸馏塔或使用有较大通过量的蒸馏塔。产生这种作业的原因在于，本发明的平面状构件和开口设计可以防止上行通过规整填料的蒸气流内出现紊流。
虽然本说明书是以明确提出了本申请人其发明的主题的权利要求书来结束的，但是，应当认为，结合附图可以更好地理解本发明。
图1是采用本发明一规整填料的空气分离设备的示意图；
图2是用在图1所示空气分离设备中的、根据本发明一实施例的规整填料的局部视图；
图3是图2所示规整填料的局部侧视图；以及
图4是本发明规整填料的另一实施例。
现请参阅图1，图中示出了一空气分离设备1。空气分离设备1具有一双蒸馏塔装置10和一氩塔12。虽然图中未予示出，但是，本技术领域的那些熟练人员熟知是，所述空气分离设备1还具有一主换热器，以将空气冷却至一精馏温度，以防止产品流变暖至环境温度。此外，还可以设置一主空气压缩机和一预净化装置，以对空气进行压缩，然后对压缩空气进行净化，去掉诸如二氧化碳等杂质和湿气。
空气以原料流14的方式进入所述双蒸馏塔装置10的高压塔16内，在该处对空气进行精馏，从而产生一富氮的塔顶馏出物和一未经加工的液态氧塔底残渣。未经加工的液态氧塔底残渣的物流18在一低温冷却装置20内被低温冷却，然后通过一膨胀阀22膨胀。所述膨胀作业可以降低物流18的温度，因此，可以使所述物流用作塔头冷凝器24的冷却剂，所述塔头冷凝器是用来形成氩气塔12的回流。在物流18内获得的所述未经加工的液态氧在塔头冷凝器24内被蒸发，然后送入(双蒸馏塔装置10的)低压塔26内，以进行进一步的提纯作业。所述进一步提纯作业可以在低压塔26内制得-富氧的塔底残渣和一氮蒸气塔顶馏出物。
藉助在一冷凝器再沸器30内对所述富氮塔顶馏出物进行冷凝以产生高、低压塔回流物流32和34，可以为高压塔16和低压塔26提供回流。低压回流物流34在低温冷却装置20内被低温冷却，并在导入低压塔26内之前藉助膨胀阀36而降低压力。所述氮蒸气塔顶馏出物以氮气流38形式被除去，所述氮气流可以在低温冷却装置22内起作用，从而可对物流18和低压塔回流物流34进行低温冷却。氧气产品流40可以以液体形式从低压塔26的底部区域除去。氮气流38和氧气产品流40可以导引入所述主换热器内，以对流入的空气进行冷却。
在低压塔26的中间位置，可以将一富氩的蒸气流42予以除去并将其导引入氩气塔12内。在氩气塔12内产生富氩的塔顶馏出物。还会产生富氧的塔底残渣，它以液流44的方式回流至低压塔26。可以将一氧气产品流46从所述塔头冷凝器24的部分冷凝物中除去。
为了进行这种蒸馏作业，必须藉助传质件使上行蒸气相和下行液相相接触。例如，使高压塔16设置有一些传质件48，它们可以是塔盘或规整填料。当蒸气在传质件48内上升时，它将变得越来越富含氮气，一直到它到达高压塔16的顶部为止。在那里对所述蒸气进行冷凝，并以高压塔回流物流32的方式而部分地回到高压塔16。所述富含氮气的塔顶馏出物以液体的方式在高压塔16内下行，并通过与上行的蒸气相接触而变得越来越富含氧气，从而产生了所述未经加工的液态氧塔底残渣。
在低压塔26内上升的蒸气通过由规整填料制成的床层50、52、56和58。藉助将富氧液体煮沸而引发的上行蒸气相上升通过所述低压塔，而且所富含的氮气变得越来越多，从而形成氮蒸气塔顶馏出物。下行的液相是藉助高压塔流34的回流而引发的。当这种液体下行时，其所富含的氧气变得越来越多。
氩气塔12设置有一传质件60，所述传质件也是一规整填料。藉助引入富氩蒸气流42而引发的蒸气相变得越来越富含氩气。引入氩气塔12顶部的所述回流当其下行时变得越来越富含氧气。
现请参阅图2和图3，图中示出了根据本发明一实施例的规整填料2。虽然所述规整填料2是由矩形片材制成的，但是，对于本技术领域的那些熟练人员来说，它还可以采用其它形状。规整填料2分别由含有波纹66、68的、一对对重复的波纹片62和64构成。波纹片62和64的不断重复可以形成一填料床的上半部或下半部。波纹66和68与垂直方向形成例如为30或45°的夹角，或者在一适当的应用中夹角可以更大些。波纹片62、64定位得使波纹66、68相互之间呈十字形交叉。
平整的平面状构件70、72与波纹片62和64彼此相互交错，并位于波纹片62和64之间。较佳的是，每一平面状构件70、72所具有的宽度“W”等于“波纹片62和64的宽度，其所具有的长度“1”小于波纹片62和64的长度。虽然必须存在至少一个平面状构件，但是，本实施例示出了在上带状构造和下带状构造内(在所述规整填料处于使用状态时进行观察)采用两个平面状构件来替代一个平面状构件。平面状构件70和72可以根据所述平面状构件的长度而穿孔或者可以不穿孔。当平面状构件70和72的高度小于所述波纹片长度的至少1/3时，通常不需要穿孔。通常，所述平面状构件的宽度与所述波纹片的宽度基本上是相同的。如图所示，最靠下的水平边缘71与所述波纹片62和64的那些最下水平边缘相对齐，并且最靠上的水平边缘73与所述波纹片62和64的那些最上水平边缘相对齐。但是，应予理解的是，可能会有5毫米的错位，因此，在任何一个实施例中的这种最下和最上水平边缘至少是位于波纹片62和64的那些最下、最上水平边缘的附近或邻近处。
虽然图中示出了两个平面状构件72和70，但是，本发明包含一删除了上平面状构件70的实施例。在这样一个实施例中，平面状构件72定位成其最靠下水平边缘与波纹片62和64的最靠下水平边缘相对齐。
虽然平面状构件内的穿孔不是必需的，但是，如图所示，波纹片60和62以及平面状构件70和72都设置有一些穿孔76。这些穿孔可以用来防止横向的蒸气和液体流动，同时还可以允许通过所述规整填料而形成横向压力均衡化。
现请参阅图4，图中所示的这种规整填料3具有一对对重复的波纹片76和78，这些波纹片由一平整的平面状构件80而间隔开或交错隔开，所述平面状构件具有最上和最下边缘82、84，所述最上、最下边缘与波纹片76和78的那些最上、最下边缘基本上相重合。平面状构件80具有一定尺寸，其长度和宽度等于波纹片76和78的长度和宽度。此外，波纹片76、78和平面状构件80设置有穿孔86、88和90。在本实施例中，必须有穿孔86、88和90，并且穿孔具有一定尺寸，以防止横向的液体和蒸气流动，并且使压力平衡。以此方式，可以促进蒸气顺畅流动而不是紊流流动，从而可以进行如上文所述的有利作业。在空气分离作业中，每一穿孔86、88和90的尺寸是这样的，其直径在如图2所示槽宽“CW”的大约5％和大约40％之间的范围内(所述槽宽是在所述两波纹之间、从波谷至波谷或波峰至波峰间的测得距离)。该直径较佳的是在所述槽宽CW的大约10％和大约25％之间，并且更佳的是槽宽CW的大约15％。
所述平面状构件和波纹片可以根据使用情况由几种不同材料制成，所述材料包括：金属和金属合金；塑料；陶瓷；或复合材料。此外，所述平面状构件可以是有纹理的或光滑的，并且由坚固的片材、机织材料或针织材料制成。通常，所述平面状构件可以由那些与波纹片相同的材料制成。
空气分离作业的进一步优化是对穿孔的个数以及它们的敞口面积加以控制。较佳的是，穿孔86、88和90能形成一由波纹片76、78和平面状构件80构成、在一为其总面积的大约5％和大约20％之间范围内的敞口面积，在波纹片76和78的情况下，这种敞口面积可以通过将每一波纹片76和78的长度和宽度相乘来进行计算。更佳的是，这种敞口面积可以在所述总面积的大约7％和大约15％之间，最佳的是，所述穿孔面积约为所述总面积的大约10％。
对规整填料2和3进行测试，并将它与从瑞士Winterthur市的SulzerChemtech Ltd.公司获得的型号为Mellapak 500.YL的规整填料相比较。这种填料的密度约为500m2/m3。规整填料2和3是由波纹片制成的，如果没有平面状构件70、72和80的话，它们将具有相同的密度，因此，其密度略大。所以，分离效率估计一定是会较大的。
测试结果表明：在空气分离设备中，不论在低压塔内(诸如低压塔26)或在一氩气塔内(诸如氩气塔12)，在液泛之前的F因子的工作范围处，对混合物进行分离时，规整填料2所具有的HETP要比Mellapak 500.YL填料高出大约15％。规整填料3(比规整填料2更致密)所具有的HETP比Mellapak 500.YL填料高出大约25％，规整填料2和3的液泛点将比所述Mellapak 500.YL填料的液泛点高出大约25％和大约40％。
除了如上所述的具有线性波纹的填料之外，本发明还可以与多种构造的波纹片一起使用。例如，可以使用一些在靠近所述波纹片的顶部和底部附近具有一些弧形波纹但在中间部分是笔直的波纹片，诸如那些可以在从SulzerChemtech买到的Mellapak Plus 752 Y填料中找到的波纹片、或那些具有其它非线性波纹的填料，诸如可以从Koch-Glitsch，Inc.买到的Flexipac HC填料。
以上举例说明的本发明规整填料是用在空气分离应用场合中的。但是，本发明的规整填料也可以用在诸如化学和石油分离之类的各种蒸馏应用场合中。
虽然以上已结合一较佳实施例对本发明作了描述，但是，对于本技术领域的那些熟练人员来说，还可以对本发明作出种种不背离本发明精神和范围的变化和增删。

Claims (8)

1.一种规整填料，它包括：
多个波纹片；以及
多个平整的平面状构件，它们与所述波纹片交错设置并设置在所述波纹片之间，用以防止蒸气上升通过所述规整填料时发生紊流现象；
所述多个平整的平面状构件是这样定位的，即，在所述规整填料处于使用状态进行观察的，所述平面状构件的至少一个水平边缘至少紧邻所述波纹片的所述至少一个水平边缘；并且
当所述平面状构件的长度和宽度基本上等于所述波纹片的长度和宽度时，所述波纹片和所述平面状构件具有一些穿孔，所述穿孔具有一定尺寸，从而可以防止横向的液体和蒸气流动，同时还可以使压力平衡；
其特征在于，位于所述波纹片之间的所述平面状构件的长度小于1/3的所波纹片长度。
2.如权利要求1所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述各对平面状构件位于所述波纹片之间，并且彼此相互隔开，因此所述平面状构件的最上、最下水平边缘与所述波纹片的相互对齐。
3.如权利要求1所述的规整填料，其特征在于，每一所述穿孔的直径在所述波纹片的波纹槽宽的5％和40％之间的范围内，所述槽宽是所述波纹的相邻两波峰或波谷之间的测得距离。
4.如权利要求3所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述直径在所述槽宽的10％和25％之间的范围内。
5.如权利要求4所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述直径是所述波纹槽宽的15％。
6.如权利要求1所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述穿孔形成了所述平面状构件的敞口面积，该敞口面积在所述平面状构件总面积的5％和20％之间的范围内。
7.如权利要求6所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述平面状构件的所述敞口面积是所述总面积的10％。
8.如权利要求1所述的规整填料，其特征在于，所述平面状构件是没有穿孔的。
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KR20010049618A (ko) 2001-06-15
CN1280876A (zh) 2001-01-24
CA2312214A1 (en) 2000-12-25
DE60018639T2 (de) 2006-02-09
EP1063009A1 (en) 2000-12-27
EP1063009B1 (en) 2005-03-16
US6509082B1 (en) 2003-01-21
DE60018639D1 (de) 2005-04-21
KR100383775B1 (ko) 2003-05-12
ATE290924T1 (de) 2005-04-15
JP2001038199A (ja) 2001-02-13
CA2312214C (en) 2004-09-28

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