CN1165285A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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CN1165285A
CN1165285A CN97102442A CN97102442A CN1165285A CN 1165285 A CN1165285 A CN 1165285A CN 97102442 A CN97102442 A CN 97102442A CN 97102442 A CN97102442 A CN 97102442A CN 1165285 A CN1165285 A CN 1165285A
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hot switching
switching path
downflow weir
heat exchanger
liquid
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波尔·A·斯威尼
青国·李
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Linde LLC
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BOC Group Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
    • B01D3/322—Reboiler specifications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/102—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with change of flow direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用来在第一和第二种流体之间间接进行热交换的热交换器。该热交换器具有多个平行板以形成用于进行间接热传递的第一和第二热交换通道。瓦楞形翅片材料位于第一和第二热交换通道中以增加第一和第二热交换通道内的热传递面积。设有液体分配装置将由第二种流体组成的液体分配到第二热交换通道中。在这种分配装置中设有溢流堰，液体从中溢出并且落入第二热交换通道中。溢流堰与集聚池第二热交换通道的两侧连通，并且第二热交换通道的瓦楞形翅片材料在第二热交换通道上方延伸以保证液体进入各个瓦楞，而促使所有瓦楞都被湿润。

Description

热交换器
本发明涉及一种间接在第一和第二种流体间进行热交换的热交换器。具体地说，本发明涉及一种已知类型的热交换器，如下流式再沸器或降膜式蒸发器。较具体地说，本发明涉及这样一种热交换器，多块隔开的平行板构成第一和第二流体的交替的热交换通道。更具体地，本发明涉及其中有瓦楞形翅片式材料位于热交换通道中的热交换器。本发明具体地还涉及这样一种热交换器，其中位于容纳液体的热交换通道中的瓦楞形翅片式材料延伸于热交换通道上方，以保证液体进入其各个瓦楞中。本发明另外具体地涉及这样一种热交换器，其中容纳液体的热交换通道与溢流堰连通。
下流式再沸器以及降膜式蒸发器都是采用多个热交换通道而将流体带入间接热交换关系的热交换器。这些热交换器都被用作一冷凝器或再沸器，它具有双塔式空气分离装置以液氧的汽化换得气态氮的冷凝。
一般地，在空气分离情况下，设置在入口和出口集合管用来将氮气引入一套交换通道中并从中排出。藉由一液体分配器将液氧引入另一套热交换器通道中。重要的是，液体要均匀地分配到热交换器通道中的，因此不均匀的分配会导致热交换器不能满足其预期的性能。这种不均匀的分配还会导致空气中的较重成分脱水和固化。这些重成分可以是碳氢化合物，如在有氧条件下表现为易燃性危险品的乙炔。
分配问题特别受到重视，这是因为热交换通道中装满了瓦楞形材料，如瓦楞形的翅片材料。当瓦楞形材料的密度增加，且因此瓦楞数量相应增加时，就难以保证所有的瓦楞都能够在热交换工作过程中保持湿润。
如下所要讨论的，本发明为上述类型的热交换器提供了分配器，以促使位于容纳液体的热交换通道中的瓦楞形翅片材料的所有瓦楞都能湿润。
本发明提供了一种用来间接在第一和第二种流体进行热交换的热交换器。该热交换器包括多个用于第一和第二种流体的多个交替的第一和第二热交换通道以进行间接热交换。在第一和第二热交换通道中设置瓦楞形翼片材料以增加热传递表面。设置一第一入口和出口装置分别用来将第一种流体引入第一热交换通道中，并且将第一种流体从第一热交换通道排出。设置一液体分配器用来将由第二种流体组成的液体分配到第二热交换通道中。液体分配装置具有溢流堰，液体从中溢出并且落入第二热交换通道中。溢流堰的位置都是与各个第一和第二热交换通道的两侧边连通。第二热交换通道的瓦楞形翅片材料位于第二热交换通道上方以保证液体进入瓦楞形翅片材料的各个瓦楞中。设置第二入口装置将第二种流体、如液体引入溢流堰中。
在第二热交换通道上方的瓦楞形材料的延伸部分保证了当液体溢出溢流堰时可流到瓦楞上以促进所有瓦楞湿润。
虽然说明书和权利要求书清楚地指出了属于本发明的主题，但通过结合附图的以下描述将可以更好地了解本发明；其中：
图1是本发明的热交换器的立体图；
图2是图1中热交换器的俯视图；
图3是图1中的本发明热交换器的局部示意图，图中部分被拆去以示出根据本发明的液体分配系统；
图4是本发明的另一个实施例的立体图；
图5是图4中所示热交换器的俯视图；以及
图6是图4中所示热交换器的局部立体图，其中热交换器的部分拆除以示出根据本发明的液体分配系统。
在图3和6中，为了示出热交换器的内部结构，侧隔板是拆除的。
参见图1和2所示，图中示出了本发明的热交换器1。该热交换器1具有入口集合管12和14，通过它们第一和第二种流体被引入热交换器的芯体10中。第一种流体可以是要冷凝的氮气，第二种流体可以是要汽化的液氧。冷凝的氮可通过一出口集合管16从热交换器1排出。
另外参见图3所示，芯体10可以制造成底部可打开的，这样在热交换器1中未汽化的第二种流体(液氧)可简单地从芯体排出。对于此，本技术领域中的普通技术人员可知，热交换器1将与一贮液槽、或者一单独的罐或蒸馏塔的贮液槽连接使用，亦即双塔式空气分离装置的低压塔的液氧贮槽。
芯体10由多块隔开的平行板18构成以形成第一和第二热交换通道20和22。第一种流体流经第一热交换通道20，第二种流体流经热交换通道22，这样在第一和第二种流体之间就间接进行了热传递。
以一传统的方式，隔离板23将第一热交换通道20密封在芯体10的顶部，虽然图中未示出，但类似的隔离板将第一热交换通道20密封在芯体10的底部。第一种流体沿着水平方向进入第一热交换通道20，并且由水平方向设置的瓦楞形翅片材料24引导。倾斜的瓦楞形翅片材料(未示，但是已知形式的)促成从水平向垂直流动的过渡。其后，第一种流体沿垂直方向流动到第一热交换通道20下部。瓦楞形翅片材料25充满在第一和第二热交换通道20和22中以增加第一和第二流体之间的传递热的有效面积。
第二种流体、如液体通入溢流堰26，该溢流堰26形成在平行板28和30之间，液体从其中如箭头A和B所示地溢出。水平方向的瓦楞形翅片式材料32置于溢流堰26中以协助在横贯溢流堰26时的液体分配。通过位于瓦楞形翅片材料25上的隔离板34溢流堰26与第二热交换通道22分开。为了保证所有瓦楞、如瓦楞36都能湿润，瓦楞形翅片材料25构造成超出第二热交换通道22的顶部，换句话说，在其间形成第二热交换通道22的板18上方。为了将液体输入瓦楞形翅片材料25的瓦楞36处，设置集聚池38，这样溢流堰26就位于集聚池38之间。液体集聚在集聚池38中，并且由此输入瓦楞形翅片材料25的两侧边，如瓦楞36伸出第二热交换通道22的顶部。水平方向的填料37可放置在集聚池38中以提高结构的稳定性。如果需要的话，填料可垂直放置。
为了防止进入入口集合管14的液体间接由入口集合管14流入集聚池38，可设置侧面隔离板40(在图3中它已被拆除)。侧面隔离板40有在水平方向的瓦楞形翅片材料24位置处的间隙，以使第一种流体从入口集合管12输入。对于此，入口集合管12位于此间隙上，并且因此与水平方向的瓦楞形翅片材料25相反。侧面隔离板41密封第二热交换通道22。为了使液体流入溢流堰26，侧面隔离板41不会伸过隔离板34。第一和第二热交换通道22和22都由侧面隔离板42相对侧面隔离板41和42密封。可以理解，与第一热交换通道20协作的侧面隔离板42都设置在出口集合管16上方，这样第二种流体可从集合管16排出。与第二热交换通道22协作的侧面隔离板42位于热交换器芯体10的整体上方，因为第二热交换通道22在其底部打开。
构成第二热交换通道22的板18都设有矩形的槽状切口44，以使液体从溢流堰26通到集聚池38。
参见图4，5和6，图中示出了本发明的热交换器2的另一个实施例。在这些图中，热交换器2中相同或重复的部件用与热交换器1中的相同标号示出。
在热交换器2中，瓦楞形翅片材料25制造得伸出第二热交换通道22，这样瓦楞36可由液体湿润。然而溢流堰26设置得使第二热交换通道22位于溢流堰26之间，而不是溢流堰26位于第二热交换通道22的顶部。溢流堰因此位于第一热交换通道20上方并且由隔离板23隔开。液体沿箭头A和B所示溢出溢流堰26进入瓦楞形翅片材料25的瓦楞36中。为此，形成第二热交换通道22的内板18设有矩形槽状切口44，它靠近第二热交换通道22的瓦楞形翅片材料25，以使第二种流体流入瓦楞36。
侧面隔离板40在热交换器芯体10的整个高度上。侧面隔离板41仅伸到第一入口集合管12上以使第一种流体经过水平方向的瓦楞形翅片材料24进入第一热交换通道20。如此，隔离板23在其端部延伸，而将第一和第二入口集合管12和14隔开。热交换器芯体10由侧面隔离板42相对侧面隔离板40和41密封。与第一热交换通道20协作的侧面隔离板42位于出口集合管16上方，这样第二流体可从出口集合管16排出。与第二热交换通道22协作的侧面隔离板42位于热交换器芯体的整体高度上，因此第二热交换通道22在其底部打开以排出液体。
虽然图中未示，但热交换器1和2的热交换芯体10可被盖住，以防止汽化的液体逃逸，以及更牢固地将入口集合管14焊接到热交换芯体10上。这种结构在本技术领域中是已知的。
虽然已结合一较佳实施例对本发明作了描述，但对于本技术领域中的普通技术人员而言，只要不脱离本发明的精神和范围，还可有多种添加、变化和省略形式。

Claims (6)

1.一种用来在第一种和第二种流体之间进行间接热交换的热交换器，所述热交换器包括：
多个交替的第一和第二热交换通道，以用于进行间接热交换的第一种和第二种流体；
在所述第一和第二热交换通道中的瓦楞形翅片状材料，以增加所述第一和第二热交换通道中的热传递面积；
第一入口和出口装置，分别用来将所述第一种流体引入所述第一热交换通道中，以及用来将所述第一种流体从所述第一热交换通道中排出；
液体分配装置，用来将由所述第二种流体组成的液体分配到所述第二热交换通道中，所述液体分配装置具有溢流堰，所述液体从中溢出并且落入所述第二热交换通道，所述溢流堰与集聚池各个所述第二热交换通道的两侧边连通，并且所述第二热交换通道的所述瓦楞形翅片材料在所述第二热交换通道上方延伸以保证液体进入瓦楞形翅片材料的各个瓦楞中；以及
第二入口装置，用来将所述第二种流体、如所述液体引入所述溢流堰。
2.如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于：
所述溢流堰位于所述第二热交换通道的上方，并且确定在与形成所述第二热交换通道的所述板对齐的平行板之间；
所述分配装置还有集聚池，其位置使所述溢流堰位于所述集聚池之间，并且已经从溢流堰溢出的液体集聚在所述集聚池中；以及
所述集聚池的底部与所述第二热交换通道连通，这样已经集聚在所述集聚池中的液体进入所述第二热交换通道，并且由在所述第二热交换通道上方延伸的所述瓦楞形翅片材料分配到所述第二热交换通道中。
3.如权利要求2所述的热交换器，其特征在于：
第一隔离板将所述集聚池与所述第一热交换通道分离；以及
所述瓦楞形翅片材料在由第二隔离板与所述溢流堰分开的所述第二热交换通道上方延伸。
4.如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于：
所述第二热交换通道位于所述溢流堰之间；
所述溢流堰形成在所述构成所述第一热交换通道的所述板之间；以及
所述第一热交换通道位于所述溢流堰下方。
5.如权利要求4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述隔离板将所述溢流堰与所述第一热交换通道分开。
6.如权利要求2或4所述的热交换器，其特征在于，所述溢流堰中有水平方向的瓦楞形翅片材料。
CN97102442A 1996-03-29 1997-02-12 热交换器 Pending CN1165285A (zh)

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CN100365372C (zh) * 2005-11-16 2008-01-30 杭州钦宝制冷设备有限公司 三通道板式换热器
CN102065995B (zh) * 2008-06-30 2014-02-26 环球油品公司 改进的安装在塔内的冷凝器
CN103994677A (zh) * 2014-04-30 2014-08-20 叶立英 间接蒸发冷却芯体

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CN100365372C (zh) * 2005-11-16 2008-01-30 杭州钦宝制冷设备有限公司 三通道板式换热器
CN102065995B (zh) * 2008-06-30 2014-02-26 环球油品公司 改进的安装在塔内的冷凝器
CN103994677A (zh) * 2014-04-30 2014-08-20 叶立英 间接蒸发冷却芯体
CN103994677B (zh) * 2014-04-30 2015-10-21 叶立英 间接蒸发冷却芯体

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ID16350A (id) 1997-09-25
EP0798528A2 (en) 1997-10-01
JPH1030895A (ja) 1998-02-03
EP0798528A3 (en) 1999-02-24
AU1255997A (en) 1997-10-02
TW353139B (en) 1999-02-21
SG48519A1 (en) 1998-04-17
CA2198323A1 (en) 1997-09-30
ZA972510B (en) 1997-10-20
PL319212A1 (en) 1997-10-13
KR970066503A (ko) 1997-10-13

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