CN107259586A - 一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉 - Google Patents
一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，所述营养补充粉中含有葡萄糖、麦芽糊精、牡蛎肽粉、大豆肽粉、中链甘油三酯、人参提取物、食盐、牛磺酸和咖啡因；所述牡蛎肽粉经微胶囊包埋处理，所述微胶囊壁材中含有槐豆胶。所述营养粉能够持续补充体能，持续修复损伤肌肉，且有助于保护肠胃健康。产品能够在冷水中速溶，口感优良无苦味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种营养补充粉，尤其是一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉。
背景技术
持续重体能运动，如长时间户外运动、士兵的野战及演习等外训，具有高强度长时间的特点，会消耗大量体力，引起人体疲劳、乏力，与此同时，可能不能及时补充能量。这就会影响运动的持久性，而且肌肉的持续消耗会造成机体疲劳，而后影响肌肉的健康，造成机体肌肉的损伤。
小分子肽以其吸收快及能有效修复受损肌肉而广泛使用。目前市场上有以大豆低聚肽为主要功能成分，辅以多种矿物质和维生素配制的一种蛋白营养饮品。小分子的活性肽极易被人体吸收，特别适合部队官兵高强度训练后快速补充蛋白质和能量，消除疲劳、恢复体能。但由于小分子肽的在体内吸收速度快，一次补充不能持续较长时间，还容易因一次食用过多造成过度兴奋，因此并不适合需要持续修复受损肌肉的持续重体能运动人群。
同时，持续运动造成的肌肉损伤还很容易引起机体免疫力下降。因此，如何在修复肌肉损伤的同时保证机体的免疫力也是非常重要的。
此外，户外大多为泥泞土质环境，经常会有沙土等落入口中，进入胃中难以排出，造成消化不良、食欲减退、便秘等症状，严重时导致胃炎、阑尾炎等疾病的突发。这就影响了机体对蛋白等其他营养成分的吸收。若不能改善其肠胃功能，营养的补充就不能发挥较好的效价。
改善肠胃功能的产品大都含膳食纤维，但膳食纤维会降低蛋白等其他营养成分的吸收率，此外添加膳食纤维的产品往往溶解性不佳，难以速溶。
申请号为200610057147.X的发明专利“一种营养粉及其制备方法”，以大豆分离蛋白、大豆低聚肽、植脂末、乳粉、复合维生素和矿物质等成分制备而成，用于快速补充能量与营养消耗，消除疲劳、增强体能。申请号为200710152244.1的发明专利“一种含大豆肽的抗疲劳固体饮料”，主要由大豆肽、L-肉碱、葡萄糖等构成，用来快速恢复疲劳。这都没有考虑到疲劳恢复的持久性，而且没有考虑到肠道的健康，不适合持续重体能运动人群。
申请号为201610707184.4的发明专利“一种运动营养固体饮料及其制备方法”，提供了一种运动营养固体饮料。所述运动营养固体饮料的组分包括人参粉、低聚肽、乳清蛋白粉、菊粉、牛磺酸、支链氨基酸、全脂奶粉和食品添加剂，以缓解运动疲劳和防止运动损伤。产品同样没有考虑到疲劳恢复的持久性，不适合持续重体能运动人群。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，能增强运动耐力，延长兴奋性持续时间，延缓肌肉损伤，同时增强机体免疫力。解决了现有营养补充剂不能持续补充体能，难以持续修复损伤肌肉的问题，还解决了添加保证肠胃健康的膳食纤维对蛋白等营养成分的吸收阻碍问题。。
本发明的技术方案为：一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：该营养补充粉配方的重量组份：葡萄糖20-30份、麦芽糊精20-30份、大豆肽粉10-15份、牡蛎肽(螯合锌)粉5-15份、中链甘油三酯8-12份、槐豆胶1-2份、人参提取物1-2份、食盐4-6份、牛磺酸1-3份、咖啡因0.1-0.3份；所述牡蛎肽粉经微胶囊包埋处理，所述微胶囊壁材中含有槐豆胶。
牡蛎肽是以牡蛎肉粉为原料，经酶解、分离、精制和干燥等加工过程而制得的小分子肽，由2～6个氨基酸组成，相对分子量在200～800之间。因此，牡蛎肽可不经消化而直接被转运至小肠粘膜上的内皮细胞内被迅速吸收，而且有利于肌肉蛋白的合成，同时加速疲倦肌肉的恢复，增加肌肉力量，对于持续重度劳动人士的肌肉恢复非常适用。牡蛎肽不仅含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、比例合适的微量元素和牛磺酸，而且还含有海洋生物所特有的多种营养成分。它还能降低血尿素氮和血乳酸含量，以减少疲劳因素。牡蛎肽还含有十八种以上的氨基酸，在这些氨基酸中富含可以合成抗酸化物质的谷胱甘肽的氨基酸。食用牡蛎后，在人体内合成谷胱甘肽，除去体内的活性酸素，提高免疫力，抑制衰老。
槐豆胶是由半乳糖和甘露糖单元通过配糖键结合起来的一种大分子多糖聚合物，富含膳食纤维，可维持血糖水平，并可稳定血容量、血清胰岛素、血镁、血钾。这就非常好的缓解了葡萄糖的集中补充可能引起的血糖升高风险。此外，槐豆胶还能吸附胆固醇，改善肠胃功能，有助于减少因动物脂肪摄入过多而造成胆固醇的积累，同时缓解便秘，预防胃炎等士兵常见疾病。
大量的研究表明，中链甘油三酯可以提高耐力水平，促进疲劳恢复，节省蛋白质的消耗，提高肌体瘦体重的比例。
人参提取物味甘微苦，性温，素有百草药之美称，是我国传统的滋补养生名贵药材。国内外学者对人参提取物及有效成分，进行了药理研究、临床观察和流行病学调查，均证实人参提取物具有提高组织抗缺氧能力、抑制血小板聚集、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗疲劳等多种生物活性物质。人参皂苷对术后疲劳综合征大鼠骨骼肌氧化应激的影响实验，结果发现人参皂苷能够减轻骨骼肌的氧化应激性损伤，提高骨骼肌抗氧化活性，增强骨骼肌功能。
牛磺酸是一种含硫的非蛋白氨基酸，能明显促进神经系统的生长发育，提高神经传导和视觉机能。这对于缓解士兵眼部疲劳效果显著。此外，它还能促进垂体激素分泌，从而改善机体内分泌系统状态，调节机体代谢，从而增加机体免疫力。
本发明人发现，经微胶囊壁材包埋后的牡蛎肽粉，能增强运动耐力，使兴奋性持续时间延长，此外还能延缓肌肉损伤。此外，经包埋处理后，产品的溶解性显著增强。
进一步，所述牡蛎肽粉经锌螯合而成。
锌是人体必需的微量元素之一，是免疫器官胸腺发育的营养素，具有保证胸腺发育，正常分化T淋巴细胞，增强细胞免疫功能的作用。
更进一步，所述锌源为硫酸锌，所述牡蛎肽粉的锌螯合率为70％-90％
牡蛎肽螯合锌作为有机锌，相比无机锌具有高效、安全、稳定的特点，而且本发明人发现，牡蛎肽作为一种海产品来源的肽，本身就含有部分锌，其同锌之间进行螯合，能很好的提高机体锌的吸收率，有效增强细胞免疫力。
进一步，所述微胶囊壁材中槐豆胶的添加量为10％-20％。
更进一步，所述微胶囊壁材中还含有麦芽糊精，所述微胶囊芯材中还含有中链甘油三酯和人参提取物。
麦芽糊精属于低聚糖，不能直接供能，需在体内转化为葡萄糖来供能。这就保证了能量的持续性。麦芽糊精还具有良好的口感和速溶增稠效果，乳化效果好，避免沉淀分层现象。这对于美化产品口感和外形具有较好作用。
将中链甘油三酯和人参提取物作为微胶囊芯材进行包埋，能更好的延缓肌肉损伤。
本发明所述微胶囊包埋工艺为：配制壁材：配制10-20％(w/v)的麦芽糊精、槐豆胶溶液，搅拌使其充分溶解。然后加入牡蛎肽和/或中链甘油三酯和/或人参提取物溶液，壁材与芯材的质量比为1:1-3:1，将两种混合液通过高速分散机在20,000r/min均质处理2min。均质温度为45-65℃，均质压力为15-30Mpa。
本发明的优点在于：将牡蛎肽用添加槐豆胶的微胶囊壁材进行微胶囊前处理，将槐豆胶作为膳食纤维的保护肠胃功能和慢速消化性同大豆肽的快速吸收性进行中和，发现制得的产品能使机体的兴奋时间延长，这就能够延长持续重体能运动人群的运动耐力，此外还使肌肉损伤性降低，同时还能提高机体的免疫力，也消除了添加槐豆胶的营养粉所具有的低溶解性问题，终产品能够在冷水中速溶。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉：葡萄糖3g、大豆肽粉1.5g、牡蛎肽粉0.5g、麦芽糊精2g、中链甘油三酯1g、槐豆胶0.1g、人参提取物0.1g、食盐0.5g、牛磺酸0.2g、咖啡因0.02g、复合维生素0.1g、复合矿物质0.1g。
所述营养补充粉的生产工艺为：
微胶囊包埋：配制壁材：配制10％(w/v)的麦芽糊精、槐豆胶溶液，搅拌使其充分溶解。然后加入大豆多肽溶液，使壁材与芯材的质量比为2:1，将两种混合液通过高速分散机在20,000r/min均质处理2min。均质温度为45℃，均质压力为30Mpa。
杀菌：均质后进行杀菌，采用高压脉冲电场杀菌，10-20KV/cm。
干燥：喷雾干燥，入口温度设定为180℃，出口温度不低于80℃，压缩空气流速为460L/h。将获得的粉末收装入密封袋中，放置在4℃干燥器中储存。
干混：将喷雾干燥所得粉末同剩余配料粉末进行干混，得到成品，然后包装。
实施例2
一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉：葡萄糖2.5g、大豆肽粉1g、牡蛎肽螯合锌粉1.5g、麦芽糊精2.5g、中链甘油三酯1g、槐豆胶0.2g、人参提取物0.1g、食盐0.5g、牛磺酸0.2g、咖啡因0.02g、复合维生素0.1g、复合矿物质0.1g
所述营养补充粉的生产工艺为
微胶囊包埋：配制壁材：配制20％(w/v)的麦芽糊精、魔芋粉溶液，搅拌使其充分溶解。然后加入大豆多肽和人参提取物溶液，使壁材与芯材的质量比为3:1，将两种混合液通过高速分散机在20,000r/min均质处理2min。均质温度为65℃，均质压力为15Mpa。
杀菌：均质后进行杀菌，杀菌方法为常规杀菌，88-94℃，30s。
干燥：喷雾干燥，入口温度设定为180℃，出口温度不低于80℃，压缩空气流速为460L/h。将获得的粉末收装入密封袋中，放置在4℃干燥器中储存，用于后期研究。
干混：将喷雾干燥所得粉末同剩余配料粉末进行干混，得到成品，然后包装。
实施例3：大鼠兴奋持续时间及肌肉损伤实验
SD成年雄性大鼠，适应新饲养3天后，进行3天的适应性游泳，每天1次，每次10min。剔除游泳异常的大鼠。之后采取无负重游泳方式建立运动疲劳模型，游泳时间总长10天。训练在内壁光滑的泳池中进行，水深50cm，水温30℃。每缸次游泳的大鼠数量不超过8只。游泳过程中防止大鼠互相拽抱。第1、2天，游泳训练30min，第3-5天，每天递增30min，第6-7天，每天1次力竭性游泳训练。第8-10天，每天2次力竭性游泳训练，两次间隔6h。大鼠力竭标准为沉到水下10s仍不能返回水面。每日正常喂食。
之后按照大鼠情况进行分组，每组保持能力均衡，共分为5组，每组10只大鼠。第11天，先按照组别进行喂食，10分钟后进行力竭游泳实验，记录力竭时间。力竭运动结束后，即刻用20％的乌拉坦溶液麻醉，腹主动脉取全血3mL置于普通采血管内，室温放置0.5h待其自然凝固，4℃，3000rmp，离心10min，留取上层血清，置于-80℃冰箱保存，用于测定CK、LDH、MD。还进行血清溶血素含量的测定。
实验组1：运动前10分组喂食实施例1
实验组2：运动前10分组喂食实施例2
实验组3：运动前10分组喂食市售营养品
实验组4：运动前10分组喂食实施例1(但产品不经微胶囊处理)
对照组：正常喂养
表1：大鼠力竭游泳时间
注：同行指标标注不同字母代表有显著性差异(p<0.05)
大鼠力竭游泳时间表明，本发明产品能有效提高运动持续时间。可见微胶囊化处理对产品性能的改善具有显著效果。
表2：大鼠肌肉损伤结果
注：同行指标标注不同字母代表有显著性差异(p<0.05)
持续性力竭运动会引起氧化应激、炎症反应和肌细胞结构损伤，血浆中胞质酶活性增加，即肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性增加。血浆CK、LDH活性是肌纤维损伤常见的标志物。在正常生理条件下，氧自由基的产生和抗氧化防御机制处于平衡状态，但剧烈运动时，体内的氧化与抗氧化作用将失衡并导致细胞损伤。MDA是氧自由基反复攻击细胞膜的多不饱和脂肪酸而形成的脂质过氧化产物，被广泛地用做评价脂质氧化损伤的指标，因此，MDA可作为反映氧化应激的间接指标。力竭运动后MDA可作为反映氧化应激的间接指标。
本实验结果显示，同对照组相比，实验组大鼠的血浆CK、LDH、MDA水平较对照组显著降低，表明本发明对力竭运动的大鼠骨骼肌具有保护作用，从而有助于推迟肌肉损伤的发生和发展。这说明经过包埋处理的本产品与市场现有产品和未经包埋处理的产品比较，其对肌肉修复的营养物质的确能够在体内缓慢释放，从而延缓肌肉损伤。
表3：大鼠体液免疫功能结果
注：同行指标标注不同字母代表有显著性差异(p<0.05)
溶血空斑反应抗体生成细胞的数量，而血清溶血素是淋巴细胞在接受抗原刺激后分泌的抗体，这两者是衡量机体体液免疫的重要指标。本实验结果显示，本发明实施例大鼠的体液免疫功能较其他实验组的强，这说明本发明可以促进大鼠的细胞免疫。
实施例4：溶解性及口感实验
取10g本品，倒入50mL的25℃纯净水中，磁力搅拌150r/min至溶解，记录溶解时间。
实验组1：本发明实施例1
实验组2：本发明实施例2
对照组1：本发明实施例1(但产品不经微胶囊处理)
对照组2：本发明实施例2(但产品不经微胶囊处理)
对照组3：市售相关产品
表4：产品溶解性结果
注：同行指标标注不同字母代表有显著性差异(p<0.05)
结果可见，本发明冷水溶解时间较未微胶囊化快，也较市售相关产品小。说明本发明具有在冷水中速溶且口感优良的特性。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：该营养补充粉配方的重量组份：葡萄糖20-30份、麦芽糊精20-30份、大豆肽粉10-15份、牡蛎肽粉5-15份、中链甘油三酯8-12份、槐豆胶1-2份、人参提取物1-2份、食盐4-6份、牛磺酸1-3份、咖啡因0.1-0.3份；所述牡蛎肽粉经微胶囊包埋处理，所述微胶囊壁材中含有槐豆胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：所述牡蛎肽粉经锌螯合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：所述锌源为硫酸锌，所述牡蛎肽粉的锌螯合率为70％-90％。
4.根据权利要求1所述适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：所述微胶囊壁材中槐豆胶的添加量为10％-20％。
5.根据权利要求1所述适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：所述微胶囊壁材中还含有麦芽糊精，所述微胶囊芯材中还含有中链甘油三酯和人参提取物。
6.根据权利要求1所述适于持续重体能运动人群食用的营养补充粉，其特征在于：所述微胶囊包埋工艺为：配制壁材：配制10-20％(w/v)的麦芽糊精、槐豆胶溶液，搅拌使其充分溶解；然后加入牡蛎肽粉和/或中链甘油三酯和/或人参提取物溶液，壁材与芯材的质量比为1:1-3:1，将两种混合液通过高速分散机在20,000r/min均质处理2min；均质温度为45-65℃，均质压力为15-30Mpa。
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