CN107254474A - 海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、引物及其应用 - Google Patents
海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、引物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8282—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for fungal resistance
Landscapes
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、引物及其应用，该基因由2315个碱基组成，自5’端第1位碱基为转录起始位点，至第2289位碱基为转录终止位点，该基因是一个全新的能赋予植物黄萎病抗性的基因，可以丰富抗病基因资源，为棉花抗黄萎病育种提供有效的新工具。并且本发明所提供的1对分子标记引物与本发明涉及的跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214连锁，利用该分子标记引物能够提高海岛棉GbTMEM214基因向陆地棉转育的效率和速度，能够加快棉花抗病培育的进程。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域，具体涉及海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、引物及其应用。
背景技术
棉花是重要的经济作物之一，棉纤维是主要的纺织工业原料。随着可耕地面积的减少和环境的恶化，棉花生产受到多种生物和非生物因子的影响，尤其是枯、黄萎病的频繁发生给我国棉花生产造成重大损失。通过传统的育种方法已经很难满足现代农业需求，所以通过基因工程的方法来改良现有品种将是今后育种的主要方法。前人研究结果显示，棉花黄萎病的抗性机制涉及到多种信号通路和物质。在已经获得的研究结果表明，萜醛类化合物和苯丙素类化合物参与棉花对黄萎病的抗性过程。萜醛类化合物是植物体内的一类抗毒素，植物受病菌侵染后，萜醛类化合物能够快速迁移到受真菌感染并形成生殖芽的木质部导管中，然后分散到这些薄壁组织的生殖芽，形成较强的抗病性(Mace et al.，1978；Tanet al.，2000；Luo et al.，2001；Xu et al.，2004)。研究表明当棉花发育过程中受到黄萎病菌侵染两天后导管就完全堵塞，萜醛类化合物在18h内就可以检测到(Memphis et al.，1990)。苯丙素类化合物一般具有苯酚结构，是酚性物质，包括香豆素、木脂素和木质素类、黄酮类等。Naoumkina等(2010)结果表明植物体内的苯丙素类化合物在抗病过程中起关键作用。在研究棉花对黄萎病的抗性过程中，也证明了苯丙素类化合物的作用(Dubery andSmit，1997；Pomar et al.，2004；Gayoso et al.，2010)。Xu等(2011)研究表明木质素代谢在棉花对黄萎病的抗性过程中起关键作用，木质素的合成会导致细胞壁加厚，提高棉花对黄萎病的抗性。
棉花对黄萎病的抗性机制涉及多种信号通路。已经获得的结果显示，至少活性氧、水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯、油菜素内酯，精胺和Camalexin(Johansson et al.，2006；Gao etal.，2013；Mo et al.，2015，2016)等信号途径参与棉花对黄萎病的抗性过程。这虽然与不同研究者使用的材料和研究方法不同有关系，但更重要的是因为棉花对黄萎病抗性机制的复杂性。为探究棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制，许多研究者克隆了大量与植物抗黄萎病相关的基因。其中番茄中的Ve1基因是目前克隆的最著名的抗黄萎病基因(Kawchuk et al.，2001；Fradin et al.，2011)，但是研究显示该基因对棉花的黄萎病没有抗性，这表明棉花对黄萎病的抗病机制与番茄存在较大差别(刘琳琳等，2014)。棉花中也克隆了一些Ve相关基因，转基因棉花对黄萎病表现出不同程度的抗性，但是其抗病机制的深入发掘还没有相关报道(Zhang et al.，2011；Zhang et al.，2012)。除了Ve基因，研究者还从棉花基因组中克隆了大量其它与抗黄萎病相关的基因，包括GbCAD1、GbSSI2(Gao et al.，2013)、GbRLK(Zhao etal.，2015)、GbSTK(Zhang et a1.，2013)、GbTLP1(Munis et al.，2010)、GbERF1-like(Guoet al.，2016)、GhPAO(Moet al.，2015)、GhSAMDC(Mo et al.，2016)和Gbvdr5(Yang etal.，2015)等。同时，部分研究者还证明一些外源基因也能提高棉花对黄萎病的抗性，如GAFPs(Wang et al.，2015)、HpalXoo(Miao et al.，2010)、NaD1(Gaspar et al.，2014)、p35(Tian et al.，2010)、和Hcm1(Zhang et al.，2016)。上述研究还处于试验阶段，仅仅得到了对黄萎病有抗性的工程植株，但还没有通过转基因方法培育出抗性品种的报道，其在生产上的可利用性有待进一步深入探究。
本发明所克隆的是海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因(GbTMEM214)。在过去的十几年内，许多学者利用各种方法克隆了许多海岛棉的抗病基因，通过转基因验证能够提高陆地棉对黄萎病的抗性，部分属于跨膜蛋白，如水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa21(Song et al.，1995)，水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-d2(Chen et al.，2006)，拟南芥的FLS2基因(Robatzek et al.，2006)，番茄抗黄萎病基因Ve1(Fradin et al.，2011)等。跨膜蛋白是存在于生物膜上的一类特殊蛋白，处于细胞与外界的交界部位，介导细胞与外界之间的信号传导，感受植物病原信号、参与抗逆性反应，在生物体生命活动中不可或缺。在植物抗病过程中，跨膜蛋白的可以识别和接受病原信号物，激活胞内反应，将胞外信号转导到胞内，诱导防御反应(Ma et al.，2005)。跨膜蛋白(Transmembrane protein，TMEM)家族是人类功能基因组时代的主要研究对象，植物中还没有相关报道。综合动物TMEM现有的功能相关的报道文章，发现其多与细胞间、细胞内的信号传导、免疫相关疾病以及肿瘤发生、发展等相关，并且对这类蛋白进行了分型以及蛋白家族的确立，如MS4A家族、Anocta min家族等(Katoh et al.，2004；Christopher et al.，2006)。TMEM参与多项生理过程，如构成质膜的离子通道、活化信号转导通路、介导细胞趋化、黏附、凋亡、自噬作用等。但对家族成员功能报道的文献甚少，表明对其研究仍处于初级阶段，也为该领域研究提供了广泛空间(Gregersen et al.，2014；Lee et al.，2017)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一个海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214，所述基因能显著提高棉花对黄萎病抗性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种扩增上述基因的引物对，利用其能够大大提高棉花抗病育种的选择效率及育种速度。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一个海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214，其DNA分子是如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列或能够与序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所示的DNA序列杂交的核苷酸序列。所述海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214来自于海岛棉海7124，位于棉花染色体组的D4号染色体。
上述海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因编码的蛋白质，它是SEQ ID No.2所示的氨基酸序列。
其中，序列中的SEQ ID NO.1由2315个碱基组成，自5’端第1位碱基为转录起始位点，至第2289位碱基为转录终止位点，完整编码框为2289个碱基，编码762个氨基酸，分子量为85KD，等电点为9.5。该蛋白具有1个DUF2359结构域，5个Low complexity区域。
本发明还公开了用于扩增权利要求1所述的海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因的引物对，也就是与上述海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因连锁的分子标记引物对，所述引物对的正向引物的序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示，反向引物的序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
以海岛棉品种H7124的DNA为模板，扩增获得GbTMEM214基因的基因组序列，然后提取海岛棉品种H7124接菌后不同时期的根部组织RNA，反转录获得cDNA为模板，使用F：ATGGTTCACAATGAGCAGAAG，R：TGAAGTTTATGAGATGGGGAAGA引物对，扩增获得海岛棉海7124的跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214序列。
含有上述海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因的分子标记引物对的试剂盒，也属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的一个重要的目的就是提供一种海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、其表达载体或者宿主细胞在获得具有抗黄萎病的转基因植株中的应用。其中，最主要的作用是在棉花抗黄萎病育种过程中的作用。
本发明涉及的跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214，受棉花黄萎病菌菌株Bp2的诱导后表达量显著升高，将GbTMEM214基因沉默，海岛棉海7124对棉花黄萎病菌株Bp2的抗性显著降低，构建GbTMEM214基因的过表达载体，转化拟南芥，转基因拟南芥对黄萎病菌株Bp2的抗性显著提高。可以利用本发明基因构建各种植物表达载体，可以提高黄萎病相关寄主植物的抗病性状或利用本发明基因改良棉花对黄萎病的抗性。
含有上述基因的表达载体、重组载体、重组菌株或转基因细胞系，都在本发明的保护范围。
包含本发明所提供的核苷酸序列或至少部分核苷酸序列的克隆基因可以通过合适的表达体系在外源宿主中表达以提高黄萎病相关寄主植物的抗病性。
包含本发明所提供的氨基酸序列或至少部分序列的多肽可能在去除或替代某些氨基酸之后仍有生物活性甚至有新的生物学活性。
包含本发明所提供的核苷酸序列或至少部分核苷酸序列的基因可以在异源宿主中表达并通过DNA芯片技术了解它们在宿主代谢链中的功能。
包含本发明所提供的核苷酸序列编码的蛋白以及可以合成在功能上与GbTMEM214相同或类似的核苷酸序列和蛋白。
包含本发明所提供的核苷酸序列或至少部分核苷酸序列的基因可以通过遗传重组来构建重组质粒以获得新型生物合成途径，也可以通过插入、置换、缺失或失活进而获得新型生物合成途径。
包含本发明所提供的非核糖体肽合成酶可以通过缺失、插入或失活来自于相同或不同的非核糖体肽合成酶系统的一个或多个非核糖体肽合成酶结构域、模块或基因而产生新的聚肽化合物。
包含本发明所提供的核苷酸序列或至少部分核苷酸序列的片段或基因可以用来构建非核糖体肽合成酶库或非核糖体肽合成酶衍生库或组合库。
本基因还可用在基因工程、蛋白表达、酶催化反应等方面，也可用于寻找和发现用于医药、工业或农业的化合物或基因以扩大GbTMEM214基因的来源范围，具有较高的应用前景。
本发明具有如下优点：
(1)本发明获得GbTMEM214基因是一个全新的能赋予植物对黄萎病抗性的基因，该基因在植物中的功能鲜有报道。在不同抗、感棉花品种中，该基因的编码区和接菌后表达模式存在显著差异，将GbTMEM214基因构建过表达载体，导入拟南芥，转基因拟南芥抗病性显著提高。因此，GbTMEM214基因的克隆可以丰富抗病基因资源，为棉花抗黄萎病育种提供有效的新工具。
(2)本发明获得的GbTMEM214基因可以进一步解析棉花抗黄萎病的分子机制。GbTMEM214基因是否参与抗病相关的信号途径，其上游和下游基因分别是什么，与其互作的蛋白是什么，所以通过对该基因做进一步研究，可以在理论上扩展棉花抗黄萎病机制的认识。
(3)本发明所提供的1对分子标记引物与本发明涉及的跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214连锁，利用其能够提高海岛棉GbTMEM214基因向陆地棉转育的效率和速度，能够加快棉花抗病培育的进程。
附图说明
图1是本发明涉及的跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214在不同棉种接种黄萎病菌后的表达模式。
图2是利用VIGS沉默海岛棉中跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214，海岛棉对黄萎病的抗性显著降低。A：注射空载体阴性对照pTRV2：00、阳性对照pTRV2-GbCLA1和没注射的棉花植株14天后的表型观察；B：注射空载体阴性对照pTRV2：00和阳性对照pTRV2-GbCLA1；C：注射pTRV2：00和pTRV2-GbTMEM214棉花幼苗对黄萎病菌的抗性分析；D：RT-PCR验证注射pTRV2：00和pTRV2-GbTMEM214的棉花幼苗中GbTMEM214基因的表达情况；E：接种黄萎病菌21天后棉花幼苗的病级指数统计；标准差计算为3次重复，每次20棵幼苗所得，**：P＜0.01。
图3是构建跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214的过表达载体，转化拟南芥后代的分子检测。A：转基因拟南芥基因特异引物、NPTII的PCR检测；B：转基因拟南芥目标基因表达分析；
图4是跨膜蛋白基因GbTMEM214拟南芥对黄萎病的抗性显著提高。A：转基因拟南芥抗病性鉴定；B：转基因拟南芥接种黄萎病菌Bp221天后病指。
图5是本发明1对分子标记引物GbTMEM214-F1/R1(SEQ ID NO.3和SEQ ID NO.4)在海岛棉和陆地棉基因组中扩增结果；A：GbTMEM214-F1/R1在海岛棉和陆地棉基因组中扩增结果，箭头所示为海岛中扩增的目的条带；B：GbTMEM214-F2/R1在海岛棉和陆地棉基因组中扩增结果作为对照。
具体实施方式
下面将通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”或“包括”为一开放式用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。说明书后续描述为实施本发明的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明书的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本发明的范围。本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
1.试验材料
本实验所用的陆地棉苏棉8号以及海岛棉品种H7124由江苏省农业科学院引进，多年严格自交繁殖保纯。本发明所述的陆地棉导入系苏研VR025是本研究室经过多年选育的一个抗病材料(该材料在公开号为CN 105713976 A的发明专利，发明名称为“能提高陆地棉黄萎病抗性的海岛棉染色体片段及分子标记”中公开)，是一个以陆地棉苏棉8号为背景，携带海岛棉海7124染色体片段，经过2年病圃及温室抗病鉴定，其对黄萎病的抗性显著高于陆地棉苏棉8号。拟南芥品种为哥伦比亚型，易感黄萎病。本发明所使用的材料均能从市场上购买或者按照现有技术公开的方法获得，本实验所用方法如无特殊说明，都为常规方法。所用引物由南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司合成。
2.试验方法
2.1抗病相关QTL的定位及候选基因分析
利用分布在棉花26条染色体上的3100对SSR引物，对苏棉8号和苏VR025进行全基因组扫描，筛选到多态标记NAU3392，NAU3392，NAU3791，cgr6409，JESPR220，NAU5294，NAU7290。利用已经公布的棉花D基因组序列和引物序列，将该导入片段锚定在D4染色体上。根据棉花二倍体D基因组雷蒙德氏棉的基因组数据库，提取目标区段序列，开发SSR标记。SSRs信息挖掘通过SSRlocator I程序包来完成。SSRs的查找标准为：二核苷酸重复次数≥9；三核苷酸重复次数≥6；四核苷酸重复次数≥5；五核苷酸重复次数≥4；六核苷酸重复次数≥3；复合型的SSR整体长度不小于24bp。SSRs标记的引物通过primer3程序设计完成。引物设计的主要参数为：引物长度18-20bp，最佳为20bp；PCR产物长度100-280bp；Tm值55-65℃，最适60℃；GC含量为45％-65％，最适50％。南京金思特生物技术有限公司完成所有引物的合成。
利用包含1100个单株的F2(苏VR025×苏棉8号)群体构建连锁群，连锁群包含49个标记，共覆盖11.1cM。同时在温室中对F2∶3接种非落叶性Bp2黄萎病菌，利用复合区间作图法定位抗病基因或抗病QTL。抗病鉴定进行3次，在标记cgr6409-ZHX30之间都检测到QTL，平均解释表型变异为16.38％，LOD值在3.2-8.8之间(表1)。
表1利用复合区间作图法(CIM)在3次独立重复实验中检测到的与抗黄萎病相关的QTL
根据棉花基因组测序结果，分析海岛棉品种新海21和陆地棉品种TM-1的目标区段序列，对目标区段序列进行预测。棉花二倍体D基因组雷蒙德氏棉(G.Raimondii)的基因组数据库来源于http：//www.phytozome.net；棉花四倍体AADD基因组TM-1的基因组数据库来源于http：//mascotton.njau.edu.cn，新海21的基因组数据库来源于http：//www.chgc.sh.cn。利用blast2go，基于tblastX对基因进行注释。
在标记Cgr6409-ZHX30区段中，海岛棉品种新海21共包含36个基因。通过比对陆地棉TM-1和海岛棉新海21目标区段基因，12个基因在TM-1和新海21中存在差异(表2)。其中6个基因属于海岛棉新海21特有的基因，基因注释分别为Chaperone protein dnaj-related，REF SRPP-like protein at1g67360，Cytochrome p45078a5-like，Sodiumtransporter HTK1-like，Sodium transporter HTK1-like和Histone H1。6个基因的ORF长度存在差异，基因注释分别为Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicaseDHX16，Ran bp2nzf zinc finger-like supeffamily protein isoform partial，alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkb，Duf493family protein，b-ziptranscription isoform 2和GbTMEM214。
2.2候选基因表达分析
为了检测预测基因与黄萎病菌胁迫的相关性，本研究以苏VR025、海7124和苏棉8号棉花三叶期幼苗为材料，接种黄萎病菌Bp2，处理时间为0h、24h、48h、96h和144h，同时，以水处理相同时期作为对照。取1μg总RNA，按照TAKARA反转录试剂盒说明书操作。合成第一链cDNA。将反转录产物稀释10倍后取1μL进行qRT-PCR。以1对专一性扩增真核生物组成型表达基因EF1α(GenBank登录号AF120093)的引物进行平行PCR反应作为内对照，其引物序列为F：AGACCACCAAGTACTACTGCAC，R：CCACCAATCTTGTACACATCC。实时荧光定量PCR利用ABIPrism7500型荧光定量PCR仪(ABI，USA)操作，方法为SYBRGreen I染料方法。反应体系为20μl，cDNA，1μl；Primer F(10μM)，1μl；Primer R(10μM)，1μl；SYBR green Imix，10μl，补水至20μl。程序为：95℃，10min；95℃，10s，退火：58℃，20s；72℃，30s；40个Cycles；72℃，10min，最后运行溶解程序。目的基因的相对表达量＝2-ΔΔΔCT，ΔΔΔCT＝[(Ct目的基因-Ct内参基因)指定时间的处理-(Ct目的基因-Ct内参基因)0h]V.D-[(Ct目的基因-Ct内参基因)指定时间的处理-(Ct目的基因-Ct内参基因)0h]CK。根据前人报道，结合GO分析结果，我们选择7个基因进行定量qRT-PCR分析，分别是Chaperoneprotein dnaj-related，REF SRPP-like protein atlg67360，Cytochrome p45078a5-like，Histone H1，Ran bp2nzf zinc finger-like superfamily protein isoformpartial，b-zip transcription isoform 2和GbTMEM214。其中GbTMEM214基因使用的引物为F：GGTGCTGCTGTTGTAACTCCC，R：TGAAGTTTATGAGATGGGGAAGA。结果显示，6个基因能够对黄萎病产生响应，其中b-zip transcription isoform 2和Ran bp2nzf zinc finger-likesuperfamily protein isoform 1在2个陆地棉中对黄萎病有响应；Chaperone proteindnai-related和Histone H1-like在苏棉8号接种黄萎病菌表达量存在变化；在苏VR025、海7124和苏棉8号中都有上调的基因有2个，分别为Cytochrome p45078a5-like和GbTMEM214，其中对于基因Cytochrome p45078a5-1ike，在3个棉种中表达模式相似，都在接菌后96h开始上调，在苏VR025、海7124和苏棉8号中分别上调3.6，2.6和7.7倍，随后表达量迅速下降。对于GbTMEM214，在苏VR025和海7124中，接菌后24h即开始上调4.4和13.1倍，达到最大值，在48h迅速下降。在苏棉8号中，该基因在接菌后144h才开始上调，且上调倍数只有2.3(图1)。本研究结果表明，GbTMEM214基因的表达模式在抗(苏VR025和海7124)、感(苏棉8号)品系中存在显著差异，可能赋予苏VR025对黄萎病的抗性。
表2TM-1和新海21在目标区段存在差异的基因信息
2.3GbTMEM214基因的序列分析及亚细胞定位
根据GbTMEM214基因的基因组序列，设计特异引物，以海岛棉海7124的DNA为模板，扩增获得基因组序列。提取海岛棉海7124接种黄萎病菌的根部RNA，以反转录获得的cDNA为模板，扩增获得海岛棉海7124中的GbTMEM214基因的开放读码框。结果显示，GbTMEM214基因在海岛棉海7124基因组序列长度是7515bp。基因的ORF长度为2289bp(SEQ ID NO.1)。通过对海岛棉海7124中GbTMEM214基因序列进一步分析发现，该基因编码762个氨基酸(SEQ IDNO.2)，分子量为85KD，等电点为9.5。该蛋白具有1个DUF2359结构域，5个Low complexity区域。
2.4GbTMEM214基因抗病性分析
在本发明中，我们使用下述两种方法分析GbTMEM214基因对棉花黄萎病的抗性。
一是利用病毒介导的基因沉默方法，验证GbTMEM214基因沉默后棉花对黄萎病的抗性。病毒介导的基因沉默所用到的载体分别是pTRV1和pTRV2，并且用棉花白化基因(GhCLA1)作为对照(王心宇等，2014)。以GbTMEM214基因的3’端设计引物，扩增415bp的片段并亚克隆至pTRV2载体上。挑取阳性的pTRV1、pTRV2(阴性对照)和pTRV2：CLA1(阳性对照)以及含有GbTMEM214基因的pTRV2质粒农杆菌GV3101单菌落，培养至菌液OD600为0.5左右。4,000rpm室温离心10分钟收集菌体细胞，以适当体积的重悬液(10mM MgCl2，10mM MES以及200μM已酰丁香酮)重悬至终浓度为2.0，室温下将重悬液置静置3h，将TRV1和TRV2的恢复液，按体积比为1∶1比例混匀。待棉花幼苗两片子叶完全展开后进行农杆菌的接种实验。采用叶片针筒注射法将菌液注射至子叶。分别利用pTRV1/pTRV2和pTRV1/pTRV2：CLA1作为沉默处理的阴性对照和阳性对照。待注射TRV：CLA1的棉花幼苗出现白化表型时，检测沉默GbTMEM214基因的棉花体内GbTMEM214基因的表达情况，以棉花EF-1α作为内参基因。同时，接种黄萎病菌，并调查沉默后棉花的抗病情况。结果显示，接种黄萎病菌28天后，沉默GbTMEM214基因后植株病情指数达到75.9(pTRV2：GbTMEM214)，显著高于空载体对照(pTRV2：00，21.7)和没有注射的H7124(CK，20.3)(图2)。
二是利用转基因拟南芥验证GbTMEM214基因对棉花黄萎病的抗性。构建GbTMEM214基因的过表达载体，使用的植物表达载体为35S-pCAMBIA2301-NORs，设计携带XmaI和SacI酶切位点的引物，扩增回收目的片段，与pMD-19(sample)载体连接，转化Top10感受态，测序，获得序列正确的阳性克隆，酶切携带目的基因的克隆载体和植物表达载体，分别回收2.3kb和13kb的目的片段，使用T4连接酶连接，转化Top10感受态，获得阳性克隆，即为含有CaMV 35S启动子和目的基因GbTMEM214片段的重组载体，命名为pCAMBIA2301-35S-GbTMEM214。利用冻融法将重组载体转化农杆菌GV3101，利用花浸染法转化拟南芥，种子混收。消毒后，在包含浓度为50mg/L卡那霉素的MS培养基上筛选，获得阳性植株移栽到营养基质中生长。取叶片提取DNA和RNA，检测目标基因是否成功转入和表达。最终，通过PCR检测，共获得5株转GbTMEM214基因的株系(图3)。连续自交2代，获得纯合株系，选择3个株系(T1、T2和T7)进行抗黄萎病鉴定。结果显示，接种黄萎病菌BP2后的21天，转基因拟南芥株系T1、T2和T7的病指分别为21.5％、15.8％和12.8％，而非转基因对照的病指为45.9％(图4)。以上结果表明GbTMEM214基因能够赋予受体植物对黄萎病的抗性。
本发明所用黄萎病菌为BP2，可以通过市场购买，也可以通过以下方法培养，其培养方法为：25℃下，将大丽轮枝菌BP2涂布于固体土豆培养基(马铃薯200g、琼脂17g、蔗糖20g、蒸馏水1000ml)表面，两周后转移到液体土豆培养基(马铃薯200g、蔗糖20g、蒸馏水1000ml)中，室温下振荡培养5天，过滤培养的病菌溶液，利用血球计数板测病菌孢子浓度，将浓度稀释至5×107个孢子/ml。
本发明黄萎病发病级数调查按照以下标准进行，0级：植株健康，无病叶，生长正常；1级：植株四分之一以下叶片发病，变黄萎蔫；2级：植株四分之一以上，二分之一以下叶片发病，变黄萎蔫；3级：植株二分之一以上，四分之三以下叶片发病，变黄萎蔫；4级：植株四分之三以上叶片发病，或植株枯死。根据调查的结果计算各株系的病情指数(DI)。
DI＝[∑(Ni×i)/(N×4)]×100；i＝0～4，Ni＝plant number of reaction i
2.5标记开发
以海岛棉海7124和陆地棉苏棉8号基因组DNA为模板，根据GbTMEM214基因序列设计引物，分别为F：ATGGTTCACAATGAGCAGAAG，R：TGAAGTTTATGAGATGGGGAAGA。扩增获得GbTMEM214基因在海岛棉海7124和陆地棉苏棉8号中的基因组序列，比对后根据序列差异设计SSR引物，分别是GbTMEM214-F1：ATTTGATCCTTTCAATTTTG(SEQ ID NO.3)，GbTMEM214-R1：GAGATTAACATGGTAAATAAC(SEQ ID NO.4)。随后，利用12份棉花种质对该引物进行验证，12份棉花种质包括3份海岛棉，分别是海岛棉海7124，新海21，Pima90-53，9份陆地棉，分别是苏棉8号，泗棉3号，TM-1，中植棉2号，泗抗1号、冀棉19，冀棉21，中棉18和中棉20。该引物可以在海岛棉基因组中扩增到361bp片段，在陆地棉中没有扩增目的条带。因为本研究的条带是‘有’和‘无’的差异，所以本发明以GbTMEM214基因组序列的相同位置设计1对引物作为对照，排除DNA质量的影响。引物为GbTMEM214-F2：CAAATTTGAAATTAGCTAATTG，GbTMEM214-R1：TGAAGTTTATGAGATGGGGAAGA(图5)。结果表明，利用GbTMEM214-Fl/R1可以有效区分海岛棉和陆地棉中的GbTMEM214基因，为海岛棉中GbTMEM214基因向陆地棉转育提供一个有效的分子辅助选择标记。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 江苏省农业科学院
<120> 海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因、引物及其应用
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cttgggtttt ctacaaagtt gaaaaataaa atccctattg tgaataatat cgaacttgtt 300
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tccaacggcg gcgccaacca caccgaccac ggttggcaaa aggtttcgta tcctaaacgc 480
caacgtaaga ccaaatccaa ggccgatcca gaaaagccta accttacccg ccttaacgga 540
accctaacta acggcggtcc taacgttttc cattccctcg agcaacagtc tgaggatcgc 600
cgccgccgga tccttgaagc tcaaagagct tacgctgctg atgtcgttga tgccgatgct 660
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aaacctaatg gaaagccggc tgaggtggaa aagaaagtga agcaaaagaa gccgaagaag 780
cctaaggtta cggttgctga ggcggctgcg aagatcgatc cagcttttct ctcggttcat 840
ctcgctgaat tgaatggcgg acaacaggaa atccaaatgc aaaaatttgc gaatttttat 900
ggtaaggcat ttcaggaagt ggtagcgggg cagtttcctt ggatgaagat gttcagggag 960
agtaccatta ccaagcttgc agatatacct ctatcacata tttctgatga tgtttataag 1020
acttcagctg attggatcag ccaacaatcc cttgaggcac ttggtttttt tgtcttatgg 1080
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aaaagcgtgc aacaaccatc ctcgaagtct aaggtatcag atatctttgt gagttcaaaa 1200
gcacttttgg caagaagtat ggtccacctc aaactgacct tgattaaatg cgttatgcag 1260
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atatggatga taattcaggc atcccgagga gatcttgctg tggggctgta catgtgggca 1440
catcacctct tgcctatagt tggtggcaag aactgtaatc cacaatccag agatctaatt 1500
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gcagttagga aaggggagcg tttggtgccg ccggcttcat ttgagattct aatgcgagtt 1620
accttccctg cttcttcgtc tagagtaaag gcgactgaaa ggtttgaggc catatatccc 1680
acagtaaagg aagtggctct tgctggttct cacggaagca aagcgatgaa acaagtgtct 1740
gtgcagatat ttcattttgc tttcaaagcg gccggtgacg gcactcctga gttgtccaaa 1800
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actcccaaca tcgacccctc ggactggagc aaactatccg aagctattgg caccgccgac 2220
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Claims (9)
1.一种编码海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因，其特征在于，其DNA分子是如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列或能够与序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所示的DNA序列杂交的核苷酸序列。
2.权利要求1所述海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因编码的蛋白质，其特征在于，它是SEQ ID No.2所示的氨基酸序列。
3.含有权利要求1所述基因的表达载体、重组载体、重组菌株或转基因细胞系。
4.含有权利要求5所述表达载体的宿主细胞。
5.与权利要求1所述的海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因连锁的分子标记引物对，其特征在于，所述引物对的正向引物的序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示，反向引物的序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
6.权利要求1或2所述的海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因在获得具有抗黄萎病的转基因植株中的应用。
7.权利要求6所述的海岛棉跨膜蛋白基因在棉花抗黄萎病育种过程中的作用。
8.权利要求3所述的表达载体或权利要求4所述的宿主细胞在转化植物获得具有抗黄萎病的转基因植株中的应用。
9.含有权利要求5所述分子标记引物对的试剂盒。
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