CN107234839B - 船用声呐导流罩的复合料板及制备方法 - Google Patents

船用声呐导流罩的复合料板及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107234839B
CN107234839B CN201710603570.3A CN201710603570A CN107234839B CN 107234839 B CN107234839 B CN 107234839B CN 201710603570 A CN201710603570 A CN 201710603570A CN 107234839 B CN107234839 B CN 107234839B
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鲁程
梅致远
陈国涛
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Xianning Haiwei Composite Material Products Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了船用声呐导流罩的复合料板及制备方法，包括依次排列的玻璃钢A、粘接层和橡胶‑玻璃钢蒙皮板，橡胶‑玻璃钢蒙皮板由玻璃钢B和橡胶板粘接构成，橡胶‑玻璃钢蒙皮板的玻璃钢面上设有纵横槽，橡胶板于纵横槽交叉点处开有通孔，槽和孔内由橡胶粘接剂填充，粘接层由高强玻璃纤维布和橡胶粘接剂组成。本发明有益效果是，将橡胶面粘接转化为玻璃钢面粘接，将原来局限高黏度橡胶粘接剂更换为工艺性优、粘接强度高的低黏度环氧树脂；将手动粘接工艺更改为真空导入成型工艺，并对橡胶板采取开槽、孔方式，增加其树脂流动性工艺，保证树脂真空导入过程中，完全浸润填充，消除粘接面中气泡，保证粘接质量，以提升产品透声性能和粘接强度。

Description

船用声呐导流罩的复合料板及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料的加工和应用技术，特别是涉及船用声呐导流罩的复合料板。
背景技术
船用声呐导流罩等产品壳体,其需要具备一定强度和良好透声性能要求，并尽可能减震降噪。可采用纤维增强树脂复合材料（以下简称玻璃钢）表层粘接橡胶板结构,既保证其良好强度、透声性能，又能较好减震降噪。
该工艺实施方案中，橡胶与玻璃钢界面粘接为一个难点，主要体现在：性能优异的橡胶粘接剂通常为高黏度橡胶改性腻子状态，粘接时，手工在橡胶与纤维增强复合材料界面涂刷胶黏剂，再将其贴合粘实，粘接过程中会混入空气,产生缺陷。而界面中混入的空气（气泡）对产品形成不利影响如下：1）大幅降低产品透声性能；2）产品在曝晒等升温状态下，界面中气泡升温会剧烈膨胀，产生撕裂力，逐步将橡胶板撕开，影响其界面粘接强度。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种船用声呐导流罩的复合料板。
船用声呐导流罩的复合料板，包括依次排列的玻璃钢A、粘接层和橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板由玻璃钢B和橡胶板粘接构成，橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板的玻璃钢面上设有纵横槽，橡胶板于纵横槽交叉点处开有通孔，槽和孔内由橡胶粘接剂填充，粘接层由高强玻璃纤维布和橡胶粘接剂组成。
进一步地，上述纵横槽间距20～30mm，深1～2mm；所述玻璃钢B厚0.5mm。
进一步地，上述橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板为在模具中先预置玻璃钢B，橡胶硫化时粘接于玻璃钢B冷却后形成。
进一步地，上述橡胶粘接剂为环氧树脂。
一种船用声呐导流罩的复合料板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
①橡胶硫化步骤：在模具中先预置1层0.5mm厚玻璃钢B，橡胶硫化粘接于玻璃钢B上，形成橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板；
②开槽、通孔步骤
将橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板上的玻璃钢面，均匀纵横开槽，槽间距20～30mm，槽深1-2mm；并于纵横槽交叉点处，同时在橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板的开槽交叉点处于厚度方向开φ1～2mm通孔；
③预铺敷步骤
将各开好槽、孔的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板于粘接面处预铺敷，均以玻璃钢板朝下，通过切割、修整，保证其拼接齐整，并做好标记；
④铺敷复合料板步骤：
取走预铺敷好的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，在玻璃钢A面铺敷1层0.2mm厚高强玻璃纤维布，再按预铺敷时标记好位置铺好相应橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板；
⑤真空灌注步骤；
⑥固化脱模步骤。
进一步地，上述真空灌注步骤：
在复合料板表面铺敷好脱模布、导流网，
布局好进、出料真空螺旋管，并于粘接面四周铺好密封胶带，
并用真空袋膜对其进行密封，再出料口抽真空，进料口抽环氧树脂。
本发明的有益效果是：1）将橡胶面粘接转化为玻璃钢面粘接，将原来局限高黏度橡胶粘接剂更换为工艺性优、粘接强度高的低黏度环氧树脂；
2）将手动粘接工艺更改为真空导入成型工艺，并对橡胶板采取开槽、孔方式，增加其树脂流动性工艺，保证树脂真空导入过程中，完全浸润填充，消除粘接面中气泡，保证粘接质量，以提升产品透声性能和粘接强度。
图1 本发明的复合料板的俯视示意图；
图2、本发明的复合料板的示意图；
其中1-橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板；2-粘接层；3-玻璃钢A；101-通孔；201-纵槽；202-横槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
参见图1，图1是本发明的复合料板的俯视示意图，橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板1由一层橡胶板和玻璃钢B组成；其中在橡胶硫化时将粘接于玻璃钢B上。
玻璃钢面设有通孔101，该玻璃钢面还上开有纵横槽102和103，其玻璃钢面纵横槽102和103的交叉点即玻璃钢面上的通孔101点。
参见图2，复合料板包括玻璃钢A3、橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板1和粘接层2，其橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板1上由橡胶板和玻璃钢B构成，橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板玻璃钢面均匀纵横开槽，槽间距20-30mm，槽深1-2mm，并于纵横槽交叉点处，将橡胶板于厚度方向开φ1-2mm通孔；其通孔和槽之间经真空灌注工艺性优、粘接强度高的低黏度环氧树脂。
粘接层2由高强玻璃纤维布和橡胶粘接剂组成。
具体地：
方案实施
为此，选用了一种新的橡胶板粘接工艺和方法。如下：
1）橡胶板制备时，在模具中先预置1层0.5mm厚玻璃钢，直接将橡胶硫化粘接于玻璃钢蒙皮上。通过该步骤，将橡胶粘接面更改为玻璃钢粘接面，解决了橡胶表面需要采用特定高黏度粘接剂粘接难题；
2） 将硫化好橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，玻璃钢面均匀纵横开槽，槽间距20-30mm，槽深1-2mm，并于纵横槽交叉点处，将橡胶板于厚度方向开φ1-2mm通孔；
3）将各开好槽、孔的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板于粘接面处预铺敷，均以玻璃钢B朝下贴住粘接面，通过切割、修整，保证其拼接齐整，并做好标记；
4）取出预铺敷橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，在粘接面铺敷1层0.2mm厚高强玻璃纤维布，再按预铺敷时标记好位置铺好相应玻璃钢A；
5）在铺好橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板表面铺敷好脱模布、导流网，布局好进、出料管道，并于粘接面四周铺好密封胶带，并用真空袋膜对其进行密封，在出料口抽真空，进料口进环氧树脂，真空辅助成型，树脂浸润高强布、橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板及玻璃钢，浸润完全后，夹死进、出料管，树脂完全固化后，脱除真空袋膜、进出料管、密封胶带、导流网、脱模布等真空耗材，达到橡胶板完好粘接效果。
创新点：
1）将橡胶面粘接转化为玻璃钢面粘接，将原来局限高黏度橡胶粘接剂更换为工艺性优、粘接强度高的低黏度环氧树脂；
2）将手动粘接工艺更改为真空导入成型工艺，并对橡胶板采取开槽、孔方式，增加其树脂流动性工艺，保证树脂真空导入过程中，完全浸润填充，消除粘接面中气泡，保证粘接质量，以提升产品透声性能和粘接强度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.船用声呐导流罩的复合料板，其特征在于，包括依次排列的玻璃钢A、粘接层和橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，所述橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板由玻璃钢B和橡胶板粘接构成，所述橡胶-玻璃钢蒙
皮板的玻璃钢面上设有纵横槽，所述橡胶板于纵横槽交叉点处开有通孔，所述纵横槽和通孔内由橡胶粘接剂填充，所述粘接层由高强玻璃纤维布和橡胶粘接剂组成；
所述橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板为在模具中先预置所述玻璃钢 B，橡胶硫化时粘接于所述玻璃钢 B 冷却后形成，将各开好槽、孔的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板均以玻璃钢板朝下；
所述橡胶粘接剂为环氧树脂，采用真空导入成型工艺使槽和孔内填充橡胶粘接剂。
2.如权利要求1 所述的复合料板，其特征在于，所述纵横槽间距20～30mm，深1～2mm；所述玻璃钢B厚0 .5mm。
3.一种船用声呐导流罩的复合料板的制备方法，其特征在于，
包括如下步骤：
①橡胶硫化步骤：在模具中先预置1层0 .5mm厚玻璃钢B，橡胶硫化粘接于玻璃钢B上，形成橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板；
②开槽、通孔步骤：将橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板上的玻璃钢面，均匀纵横开槽，槽间距20～30mm，槽深1-2mm；并于纵横槽交叉点处，同时在橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板的开槽交叉点处于厚度方向开φ1～2mm通孔；
③预铺敷步骤:将各开好槽、孔的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板于粘接面处预铺敷，均以玻璃钢板朝下，通过切割、修整，保证其拼接齐整，并做好标记；
④铺敷复合料板步骤：取走预铺敷好的橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板，在玻璃钢A面铺敷1层0.2mm厚高强玻璃纤维布，再按预铺敷时标记好位置铺好相应橡胶-玻璃钢蒙皮板；
⑤真空灌注步骤；
⑥固化脱模步骤。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述真空灌注步骤：
在复合料板表面铺敷好脱模布、导流网，
布局好进、出料真空螺旋管，并于粘接面四周铺好密封胶带，
并用真空袋膜对其进行密封，再出料口抽真空，进料口抽环氧树脂。
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