CN107226787A - 取代氰基乙酸酯化合物的无溶剂制备方法 - Google Patents
取代氰基乙酸酯化合物的无溶剂制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- -1 cyanoacetate compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940013085 2-diethylaminoethanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical group OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004802 cyanophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol Chemical compound C=1N=CN=CC=1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)Cl)(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006276 2-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006275 3-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical class CCOC(=O)CC#N ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzaldehyde Chemical class BrC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRYZBQLXDKPBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanoacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGJKAZMXULVRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 DGJKAZMXULVRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical group N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006000 Knoevenagel condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical class O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FCWZULBTRPVZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 FCWZULBTRPVZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUYJHFPQDLHCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 FUYJHFPQDLHCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFSDPGZURGRPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=CO1 CFSDPGZURGRPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRRBSSSYWKZLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyanopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C#N)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GNRRBSSSYWKZLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006452 multicomponent reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006362 organocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B37/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving either the formation of a carbon-to-carbon bond between two carbon atoms not directly linked already or the disconnection of two directly linked carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种取代氰基乙酸酯的无溶剂制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:取醛类化合物(Ⅰ)、氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ)和二氢吡啶酯(Ⅲ),在无溶剂存在的条件下混合反应,反应完毕后分离提纯后即得取代氰基乙酸酯(Ⅳ)。本发明首次以醛、氰基乙酸酯和二氢吡啶酯为原料,无需溶剂及催化剂一锅法进行反应,即可高效合成取代氰基乙酸酯,是一种简单、高效、绿色的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及取代氰基乙酸酯的制备方法。
背景技术
取代氰基乙酸酯是一类重要的医药中间体,分子中的氰基可以很容易的转换成其它官能团,如羧酸、氨基、酮等,酯基也可以很容易转换成其它基团。因此,这类化合物的制备具有很重要的实用价值。
其中,将Knoevenagel反应与还原双键的反应串联,是制备取代氰基乙酸酯的主要方法之一。
为了更为便捷得获得取代氰基乙酸酯,Dhevalapally B.Ramachary等人报道了一种以氰基乙酸酯、酮和二氢吡啶酯为原料一锅法制备取代氰基乙酸酯的方法。其中,当加入脯氨酸催化且在有机溶剂中反应时,效果较好。但是,有机溶剂对环境有着较大的污染。该文献也报道了在无催化剂和水溶剂条件下的制备方法,但是该方法在48h反应时间内仅有15%的产率,产率过低。(Development of drug intermediates by using direct organocatalyticmulti-component reactions,Org.Biomol.Chem.,2006,4,1641–1646)。
因此,目前亟需一种更为高效且绿色的制备取代氰基乙酸酯的方法。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种取代氰基乙酸酯的无溶剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取醛类化合物(Ⅰ)、氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ)和二氢吡啶酯(Ⅲ),在无溶剂存在的条件下混合反应,反应完毕后分离提纯后即得取代氰基乙酸酯(Ⅳ);路线如下:
其中,Et表示乙基;n为0或1;R表示未被取代或 被卤原子、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基。其中,C1-C4烷基包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基,C1-C4烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、仲丁氧基。
优选地,所述反应是在碱的存在下进行的;更优选地,所述碱选自无机碱或者胺类的碱;更优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或氢氧化钠;所述胺类的碱选自三乙醇胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、三乙胺或1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷;优选2-二乙氨基乙醇或1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
优选地,n为1,且R为未被取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基;或,n为0,且R为被卤原子、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基所单取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基。更优选地,n为0,且R为对甲基苯基、间甲基苯基、邻甲基苯基、对硝基苯基、间硝基苯基、邻硝基苯基、对氯苯基、间氯苯基、邻氯苯基、对溴苯基、间溴苯基、邻溴苯基、对氰基苯基、间氰基苯基或邻氰基苯基。
优选地,所述醛类化合物(Ⅰ)和氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ)的摩尔比为1:1—1:2。
优选地,所述醛类化合物(I)和二氢吡啶酯(Ⅲ)的摩尔比为1:1—1:2。
当反应在碱存在的情况下进行时,优选地,所述醛类化合物(Ⅰ)与碱的摩尔比为100:1—1:1。
优选地,所述反应的温度为60-100℃。
优选地,所述反应的时间为0.5-2h。
优选的分离提纯方法如下:直接硅胶柱柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)后得产品。
本发明首次以醛、氰基乙酸酯和二氢吡啶酯为原料,无需溶剂,一锅法进行反应,即可高效合成取代氰基乙酸酯,是一种简单、高效、绿色的制备方法。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料和试剂均来自于市售的商品,以下几种胺类来自长征化学试剂有限公司。TEOA:三乙醇胺;DEAE:2-二乙氨基乙醇;TEA:三乙胺;DABCO:1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
实施例1本发明的合成方法
将4-溴苯甲醛(1)(0.2mmol,37.0mg)、氰基乙酸乙酯(2)(0.24mmol,27.1mg)、二氢吡啶酯(0.24mol,60.7mg)加入10mL反应试管中,升温至100℃,搅拌反应2小时,冷却,然后硅胶柱柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)后,最终得无色液体产品(3),收率68%,核磁检测结果如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.33(t,J=7.16Hz,3H),3.18-3.29(m,2H),3.74(dd,J=5.92,8.14Hz,1H),4.29(q,J=7.14Hz,2H),7.19(d,J=8.32Hz,2H).
实施例2本发明的合成方法
将4-溴苯甲醛(1)(0.2mmol,37.0mg)、氰基乙酸乙酯(2)(0.24mmol,27.1mg)、二氢吡啶酯(0.24mol,60.7)和碳酸氢钠(0.02mmol,1.68mg)加入10mL反应试管中,升温至100℃,搅拌反应1小时,然后硅胶柱柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1洗脱)后,最终得无色液体产品(3),收率72%。
实施例3本发明合成方法中碱的筛选
按照实施例2中的方法,本发明对合成方法中碱试剂的种类进行了筛选,结果如表1所示。
表1本发明合成方法中碱试剂的筛选
碱试剂 | 产率% |
NaHCO3 | 72 |
Na2CO3 | 74 |
K2CO3 | 82 |
NaOH | 89 |
TEOA | 84 |
DEAE | 92 |
TEA | 81 |
DABCO | 90 |
结果显示,当本发明的合成方法在反应原料中加入碱时,收率明显优于实施例1中未加碱的合成方法。其中,DEAE和DABCO效果较佳。
实施例4本发明方法制备取代氰基乙酸酯
重复实施例2中的方法,区别在于以DEAE替代碳酸氢钠,醛类化合物与DEAE的摩尔比为100:1—1:1,所述反应的温度为60-100℃,所述反应的时间为0.5-2h,以表2中的醛为原料制备多种取代氰基乙酸酯,结果如表2所示。
表2多种取代氰基乙酸酯的制备结果
产率为过柱纯化后的产率。
部分产物的具体纯化方法和物理化学数据如下:
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate(c):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.30(t,J=7.18Hz,3H),3.12-3.26(m,2H),3.71(dd,J=5.88,8.26Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),4.26(q,J=7.20Hz,2H),6.90(d,J=8.62Hz,2H),7.21-7.23(m,2H).
ethyl 2-cyano-3-p-tolylpropanoate(b):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.32(t,J=7.16Hz,3H),2.37(s,3H),3.15-3.28(m,2H),3.72(dd,J=5.96,8.42Hz,1H),4.28(q,J=7.18Hz,2H),7.14-7.20(m,4H).
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate(c):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.30(t,J=7.16Hz,3H),3.12-3.26(m,2H),3.72(dd,J=5.86,8.20Hz,1H),3.83(s,3H),4.25(q,J=7.18Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=8.62Hz,2H),7.20-7.24(m,2H).
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoate(d):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.29(t,J=7.14Hz,3H),3.16-3.29(m,2H),3.74(dd,J=5.82,8.14Hz,1H),4.19-4.38(m,2H),7.06(t,J=8.62Hz,2H),7.19-7.34(m,2H)。
ethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyanopropanoate(e):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.30(t,J=7.18Hz,3H),3.16-3.29(m,2H),3.62-3.87(m,1H),4.26(q,J=7.12Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=8.38Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.42Hz,2H)
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate(g):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.29(t,J=7.14Hz,3H),3.25-3.38(m,2H),3.74-3.80(m,1H),4.26(q,J=7.14Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.14Hz,2H),7.66(d,J=8.22Hz,2H)。
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(2-nitrophenyl)propanoate(i):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/乙酸乙酯(10/1)洗脱得黄色固体。Mp.:58-59℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.33(t,J=7.12Hz,3H),3.32(dd,J=9.86,13.54Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=5.78,13.54Hz,1H),4.16(dd,J=5.78,9.86Hz,1H),4.26-4.34(m,2H),7.52-7.58(m,2H),7.66-7.74(m,1H),8.08-8.12(m,1H).
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoate(j):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/乙酸乙酯(10/1)洗脱得浅黄色固体。Mp.60℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.30(t,J=7.16Hz,3H),3.31-3.44(m,2H),3.83(dd,J=5.94,8.02Hz,1H),4.30(q,J=7.18Hz,2H),7.56(t,J=7.94Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=7.66Hz,1H),8.11-8.29(m,2H)。
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)propanoate(k):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.30(t,J=7.18Hz,3H),3.58(dd,J=10.02,15.44Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=5.46Hz,2H),4.26(q,J=7.06Hz,2H),7.45-7.62(m,4H),7.86(d,J=7.74Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=7.94Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.34Hz,1H).
ethyl 2-cyano-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoate(l):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.32(t,J=7.14Hz,3H),3.24-3.38(m,2H),3.82(dd,J=6.22,7.82Hz,1H),4.29(q,J=7.18,2H),6.28(d,J=3.14Hz,1H),6.36(t,J=2.82Hz,1H),7.36(s,1H).
ethyl 2-cyano-5-phenylpent-4-enoate(m):粗品用色谱柱纯化,石油醚/二氯甲烷(3/1)洗脱得无色油状液体。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):1.32(t,J=7.18Hz,3H),2.86(t,J=7.28Hz,2H),3.62(t,J=6.74Hz,1H),4.24–4.33(m,1H),6.17-6.25(m,1H),6.62(d,J=15.74Hz,1H),7.22-7.40(m,5H)。
结果显示,本发明的方法可以合成多种取代氰基乙酸酯,其中,制备化合物b、c、d、f、g时效果较佳,产率均大于90%。而且,对于化合物m中存在的双键,本发明方法也具有极佳的选择性。
综上所述,本发明首次以醛、氰基乙酸酯和二氢吡啶酯为原料,无需溶剂和催化剂,一锅法进行反应,即可高效合成取代氰基乙酸酯,是一种简单、高效、绿色的制备方法。
Claims (10)
1.一种取代氰基乙酸酯的无溶剂制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
取醛类化合物(Ⅰ)、氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ)和二氢吡啶酯(Ⅲ),在无溶剂存在的条件下混合反应,反应完毕后分离提纯后即得取代氰基乙酸酯(Ⅳ);路线如下:
其中,Et表示乙基;n为0或1;R表示未被取代或被卤原子、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应是在碱的存在下进行的,优选的,所述碱选自无机碱或者胺类的碱。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述无机碱选自碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或氢氧化钠;所述胺类的碱选自三乙醇胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、三乙胺或1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷;优选2-二乙氨基乙醇或1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:n为1,且R为未被取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基;
或,n为0,且R为被卤原子、氰基、硝基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基所单取代的苯基、萘基或呋喃基。
5.根据权利要4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:n为0,且R为对甲基苯基、间甲基苯基、邻甲基苯基、对硝基苯基、间硝基苯基、邻硝基苯基、 对氯苯基、间氯苯基、邻氯苯基、对溴苯基、间溴苯基、邻溴苯基、对氰基苯基、间氰基苯基或邻氰基苯基。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述醛类化合物(Ⅰ)和氰基乙酸酯(Ⅱ)的摩尔比为1:1—1:2。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述醛类化合物(I)和二氢吡啶酯(Ⅲ)的摩尔比为1:1—1:2。
8.根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述醛类化合物(Ⅰ)与碱的摩尔比为100:1—1:1。
9.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为60-100℃。
10.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应的时间为0.5-2h。
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CN109694335A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-30 | 西华大学 | 双取代对硝基苯乙腈衍生物的无溶剂制备方法 |
CN109694335B (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2021-12-17 | 西华大学 | 双取代对硝基苯乙腈衍生物的无溶剂制备方法 |
CN109694334B (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2022-07-22 | 西华大学 | 双取代氰基乙酸酯化合物的无溶剂制备方法 |
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