CN107225139A - 一种养殖用渔网的防污方法 - Google Patents
一种养殖用渔网的防污方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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Abstract
本发明涉及渔网加工制作技术领域，公开了一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该植物提取物的添加能够使抑菌气味在养殖水域中扩散，将污损生物阻拦在渔网之外；（2）将晾干后的渔网置于55‑65℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热20‑30分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，利用步骤（1）中涂料中添加的沸石粉、粘土以及活性炭纤维与抗菌金属离子进行离子交换，表现出极强的灭菌性能；（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔3‑5个月进行一次维护，能够除去累积的绝大部分污垢。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于渔网加工制作技术领域，具体涉及一种养殖用渔网的防污方法。
背景技术
养殖渔业，又称水产养殖，是指在岸上由人工所开辟的渔塭中，养殖鱼类或各种海鲜，以供食用。根据养殖水质的不同，可分为淡水养殖、咸水养殖及海面养殖三大类。其中淡水养殖是指利用池塘、水库、湖泊、江河以及其他内陆水域(含微咸水)，饲养和繁殖水产经济动物(鱼、虾、蟹、贝等)及水生经济植物的生产，是内陆水产业的重要组成部分。养殖的对象主要为鱼类，养殖的虾类有罗氏沼虾、海南大虾等，养殖的蟹类主要是河蟹。目前，中国淡水养殖鱼类主要包括：青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙、鲤、鲫、鳊、鲂、鲮、非鲫等经济性鱼类。中国淡水养殖面积和产量居世界首位。
在淡水养殖中，使用的养殖渔网极易累积污染物，污损生物大量附着在渔网上，会加重网的重量，造成网孔堵塞，水流不畅，且对网线具有侵蚀作用，人们在清洗渔网时会造成磨损程度加快，降低渔网的使用寿命，不及时清理又会导致养殖鱼类的死亡率攀升。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，采用多种方式综合提高渔网的抗污能力，提高渔网的使用寿命以及养殖成活率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该涂料按照重量份计由以下原料制成：植物提取物25-30份、四氯间苯二酰15-20份、沸石粉11-13份、粘土5-6份、活性炭纤维3-5份、丙烯酸酯13-15份、乙二醇35-40份、磷酸三丁酯11-13份、苯甲酸钠2-4份、五氯酚3-5份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠1-2份、偏硼酸钡1-2份、氧化锌0.5-1.0份，将渔网浸入该涂料中，保持15-20分钟，取出晾干；
（2）将晾干后的渔网置于55-65℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热20-30分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，其中银离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为5.2-5.3%，铜离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为1.5-1.8%，锌离子含量所占氧离子总量的质量百分比为3.5-3.8%，水浴加热后立即降温至10-15℃，维持3-5分钟后，将渔网取出烘干；
（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔3-5个月进行一次维护，维护方法为：将渔网放置于超声清洗池中，池内添加碱性浸泡液，按照重量份计由以下成分制成：质量浓度为30-40%的氢氧化钠溶液45-50份、甘油25-35份、聚乙烯醇20-25份、乙二醇单丁醚15-20份、异丙醇10-15份、磷酸三钠8-10份、硅酸钠5-8份、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚4-6份、摩擦剂1-3份、水380-400份，超声清洗10-15分钟即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，步骤（1）中所述的植物提取物为从辣椒中提取辣椒素、薄荷中提取薄荷油、天竺葵中提取精油、山葵中提取芥子油，其中辣椒提取物所占质量百分比为3-5%、薄荷提取物所占质量百分比为20-25%、天竺葵提取物所占质量百分比为20-25%、剩余为山葵提取物所占质量百分比。。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述的辣椒提取物提取方法为：将辣椒捣碎后加入3-5倍体积的质量浓度为60-70%的乙醇浸泡1.0-1.5小时，浸泡后进行加热回流，在60-65℃下回流提取1.5-2.0小时，过滤，得到的滤渣再加入2-3倍体积、相同浓度的乙醇在相同温度下回流提取1.0-1.5小时，过滤，将2次得到的过滤液合并，使用旋转蒸发仪蒸发得到不含酒精成分的辣椒提取物。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：为了解决在清洗渔网时会造成磨损程度加快，降低渔网的使用寿命，不及时清理又会导致养殖鱼类的死亡率攀升等问题，本发明提供了一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该植物提取物的添加能够使抑菌气味在养殖水域中扩散，将污损生物阻拦在渔网之外；（2）将晾干后的渔网置于55-65℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热20-30分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，利用步骤（1）中涂料中添加的沸石粉、粘土以及活性炭纤维与抗菌金属离子进行离子交换，表现出极强的灭菌性能；（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔3-5个月进行一次维护，能够除去累积的绝大部分污垢。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该涂料按照重量份计由以下原料制成：植物提取物25份、四氯间苯二酰15份、沸石粉11份、粘土5份、活性炭纤维3份、丙烯酸酯13份、乙二醇35份、磷酸三丁酯11份、苯甲酸钠2份、五氯酚3份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠1份、偏硼酸钡1份、氧化锌0.5份，将渔网浸入该涂料中，保持15分钟，取出晾干；
（2）将晾干后的渔网置于55℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热20分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，其中银离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为5.2%，铜离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为1.5%，锌离子含量所占氧离子总量的质量百分比为3.5%，水浴加热后立即降温至10℃，维持3分钟后，将渔网取出烘干；
（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔3个月进行一次维护，维护方法为：将渔网放置于超声清洗池中，池内添加碱性浸泡液，按照重量份计由以下成分制成：质量浓度为30%的氢氧化钠溶液45份、甘油25份、聚乙烯醇20份、乙二醇单丁醚15份、异丙醇10份、磷酸三钠8份、硅酸钠5份、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚4份、摩擦剂1份、水380份，超声清洗10分钟即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，步骤（1）中所述的植物提取物为从辣椒中提取辣椒素、薄荷中提取薄荷油、天竺葵中提取精油、山葵中提取芥子油，其中辣椒提取物所占质量百分比为3%、薄荷提取物所占质量百分比为20%、天竺葵提取物所占质量百分比为20%、剩余为山葵提取物所占质量百分比。。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述的辣椒提取物提取方法为：将辣椒捣碎后加入3倍体积的质量浓度为60%的乙醇浸泡1.0小时，浸泡后进行加热回流，在60℃下回流提取1.5小时，过滤，得到的滤渣再加入2倍体积、相同浓度的乙醇在相同温度下回流提取1.0小时，过滤，将2次得到的过滤液合并，使用旋转蒸发仪蒸发得到不含酒精成分的辣椒提取物。
实施例2
一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该涂料按照重量份计由以下原料制成：植物提取物27份、四氯间苯二酰17份、沸石粉12份、粘土5.5份、活性炭纤维4份、丙烯酸酯14份、乙二醇37份、磷酸三丁酯12份、苯甲酸钠3份、五氯酚4份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠1.5份、偏硼酸钡1.5份、氧化锌0.7份，将渔网浸入该涂料中，保持17分钟，取出晾干；
（2）将晾干后的渔网置于60℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热25分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，其中银离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为5.25%，铜离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为1.6%，锌离子含量所占氧离子总量的质量百分比为3.6%，水浴加热后立即降温至12℃，维持4分钟后，将渔网取出烘干；
（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔4个月进行一次维护，维护方法为：将渔网放置于超声清洗池中，池内添加碱性浸泡液，按照重量份计由以下成分制成：质量浓度为35%的氢氧化钠溶液47份、甘油30份、聚乙烯醇22份、乙二醇单丁醚17份、异丙醇12份、磷酸三钠9份、硅酸钠6份、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚5份、摩擦剂2份、水390份，超声清洗12分钟即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，步骤（1）中所述的植物提取物为从辣椒中提取辣椒素、薄荷中提取薄荷油、天竺葵中提取精油、山葵中提取芥子油，其中辣椒提取物所占质量百分比为4%、薄荷提取物所占质量百分比为22%、天竺葵提取物所占质量百分比为22%、剩余为山葵提取物所占质量百分比。。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述的辣椒提取物提取方法为：将辣椒捣碎后加入4倍体积的质量浓度为65%的乙醇浸泡1.3小时，浸泡后进行加热回流，在63℃下回流提取1.7小时，过滤，得到的滤渣再加入2倍体积、相同浓度的乙醇在相同温度下回流提取1.2小时，过滤，将2次得到的过滤液合并，使用旋转蒸发仪蒸发得到不含酒精成分的辣椒提取物。
实施例3
一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该涂料按照重量份计由以下原料制成：植物提取物30份、四氯间苯二酰20份、沸石粉13份、粘土6份、活性炭纤维5份、丙烯酸酯15份、乙二醇40份、磷酸三丁酯13份、苯甲酸钠4份、五氯酚5份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠2份、偏硼酸钡2份、氧化锌1.0份，将渔网浸入该涂料中，保持20分钟，取出晾干；
（2）将晾干后的渔网置于65℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热30分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，其中银离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为5.3%，铜离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为1.8%，锌离子含量所占氧离子总量的质量百分比为3.8%，水浴加热后立即降温至15℃，维持5分钟后，将渔网取出烘干；
（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔5个月进行一次维护，维护方法为：将渔网放置于超声清洗池中，池内添加碱性浸泡液，按照重量份计由以下成分制成：质量浓度为40%的氢氧化钠溶液50份、甘油35份、聚乙烯醇25份、乙二醇单丁醚20份、异丙醇15份、磷酸三钠10份、硅酸钠8份、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚6份、摩擦剂3份、水400份，超声清洗15分钟即可。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，步骤（1）中所述的植物提取物为从辣椒中提取辣椒素、薄荷中提取薄荷油、天竺葵中提取精油、山葵中提取芥子油，其中辣椒提取物所占质量百分比为5%、薄荷提取物所占质量百分比为25%、天竺葵提取物所占质量百分比为25%、剩余为山葵提取物所占质量百分比。。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述的辣椒提取物提取方法为：将辣椒捣碎后加入5倍体积的质量浓度为70%的乙醇浸泡1.5小时，浸泡后进行加热回流，在65℃下回流提取2.0小时，过滤，得到的滤渣再加入3倍体积、相同浓度的乙醇在相同温度下回流提取1.5小时，过滤，将2次得到的过滤液合并，使用旋转蒸发仪蒸发得到不含酒精成分的辣椒提取物。
对比试验
分别使用实施例1-3的方法进行养殖渔网的防污处理，同时以现有的处理方法作为对照组，分别将渔网用于淡水水域的鱼塘养殖，无关变量保持一致，将处理成本以及带来的效益进行综合比较，将比较结果记录如下表所示：
通过比较可以看出：本发明采用多种方式综合提高渔网的抗污能力，提高渔网的使用寿命以及养殖成活率。
Claims (3)
1.一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）在渔网加工中使用添加了植物提取物的涂料进行涂布，该涂料按照重量份计由以下原料制成：植物提取物25-30份、四氯间苯二酰15-20份、沸石粉11-13份、粘土5-6份、活性炭纤维3-5份、丙烯酸酯13-15份、乙二醇35-40份、磷酸三丁酯11-13份、苯甲酸钠2-4份、五氯酚3-5份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠1-2份、偏硼酸钡1-2份、氧化锌0.5-1.0份，将渔网浸入该涂料中，保持15-20分钟，取出晾干；
（2）将晾干后的渔网置于55-65℃的水浴锅中，水浴加热20-30分钟，水浴锅中溶解了硝酸银、硫酸铜和氯化锌，其中银离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为5.2-5.3%，铜离子含量所占阳离子总量的质量百分比为1.5-1.8%，锌离子含量所占氧离子总量的质量百分比为3.5-3.8%，水浴加热后立即降温至10-15℃，维持3-5分钟后，将渔网取出烘干；
（3）烘干后的渔网即可投入鱼塘使用，使用过程中，每隔3-5个月进行一次维护，维护方法为：将渔网放置于超声清洗池中，池内添加碱性浸泡液，按照重量份计由以下成分制成：质量浓度为30-40%的氢氧化钠溶液45-50份、甘油25-35份、聚乙烯醇20-25份、乙二醇单丁醚15-20份、异丙醇10-15份、磷酸三钠8-10份、硅酸钠5-8份、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚4-6份、摩擦剂1-3份、水380-400份，超声清洗10-15分钟即可。
2.如权利要求1所述一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的植物提取物为从辣椒中提取辣椒素、薄荷中提取薄荷油、天竺葵中提取精油、山葵中提取芥子油，其中辣椒提取物所占质量百分比为3-5%、薄荷提取物所占质量百分比为20-25%、天竺葵提取物所占质量百分比为20-25%、剩余为山葵提取物所占质量百分比。
3.如权利要求2所述一种养殖用渔网的防污方法，其特征在于，所述的辣椒提取物提取方法为：将辣椒捣碎后加入3-5倍体积的质量浓度为60-70%的乙醇浸泡1.0-1.5小时，浸泡后进行加热回流，在60-65℃下回流提取1.5-2.0小时，过滤，得到的滤渣再加入2-3倍体积、相同浓度的乙醇在相同温度下回流提取1.0-1.5小时，过滤，将2次得到的过滤液合并，使用旋转蒸发仪蒸发得到不含酒精成分的辣椒提取物。
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| CN110938496A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2020-03-31 | 巢湖双辰网具制造有限公司 | 一种抗菌防老化渔网除污剂的加工方法 |
| CN112375631A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-19 | 云南超越日化有限公司 | 一种抗菌抑菌洗衣液及其制备方法 |
| CN114032683A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-11 | 东华大学 | 一种用于养殖网的聚甲醛纤维及其制备方法 |
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| CN114032683A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-11 | 东华大学 | 一种用于养殖网的聚甲醛纤维及其制备方法 |
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