CN107211880A - The breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield - Google Patents
The breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield Download PDFInfo
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, this method comprises the following steps：(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated；(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation；(3) high parent b cultivation；(4) parents combination is cultivated.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers good quality and high output, the oil productivity for planting out using the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield of the present invention are high, and barren-resistant strong with disease resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers field of planting, a kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield is related in particular to.
Background technology
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is a kind of important oil crops of China, in recent years, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is to save labor, strong adaptability, oil yield high,
Commodity is good, economic benefit is high etc., and multiple advantages are able to be widely applied plantation in China.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers oil is used as a kind of nutrition and health care
Type oil product, containing higher oleic acid and linoleic acid, linoleic acid therein is the indispensable aliphatic acid of human body.Due to most of kind
The cultivation and administrative skill for planting area do not catch up with so that the yield of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is relatively low, and oil productivity is undesirable, bad adaptability, economy effect
Benefit is not also high.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency there is provided a kind of good quality and high output, oil productivity are high, and barren-resistant
The breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield.
Realize the technical scheme is that：A kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, this method includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated：Areal differently band selection soil layer is shallower, soil depletion area is used as training
Educate ground 1；Away from ground 1km deep subsoils selected above are cultivated, fertile area is used as cultivation ground 2；Respectively to cultivating ground 1 and cultivating
The thin and processing that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is harrowed in the deep ploughing of ground 2, is cultivated and is not planted any oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers around ground 1 and cultivation ground 2；
(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation：Select the full oil sunflower of selection before impoverishment tolerant, the oil sunflower of high yield, sowing
It is placed in low temperature environment and makees low-temperature treatment；Then 2~3h is soaked to the seed after low-temperature treatment using 35~40 DEG C of warm water to drag for
Go out to drain, place into Gibberellins solution and soak after 10~18h, seed is sown into cultivation ground 1, treats seedling plants length to 1~2
When piece true leaf, root is poured with activating agent for nutrition of plant 1~2 time, according to Routine Management to harvest；And weak strain is eliminated year by year；Finally
The strain that selection adaptation is strong, purity is high and does not degenerate is reserved seed for planting；Seed is obtained as parent after cultivating 3~5 years in this manner
a；
(3) high parent b cultivation：Highly efficient and productive, high-quality the oil sunflower of selection, is mixed before sowing with carbendazim every time
Sterilization processing is planted, after clear water washing, takes appropriate special efficacy nutrient for plants to carry out Dressing；Seed is sown into cultivation ground 2, led to
3~5 selfings are crossed, and periodically fertilising is hoed up weeds, the seed of the suitable yield height of selection, high-quality and the strain do not degenerated is used as parent b；
(4) parents combination is cultivated：Select one piece of planting site else, deep ploughing rake is thin, then applied in planting site bottom enough
Organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dig kind of a plant hole in planting site, using parent a seed as male parent, parent b seed is female parent；Sowing
When, it is 4 according to growing area parent a and parent b column number proportions:2 sowings, are dripped according to parent a and b flowering time difference
Emerge cultivation；The later first progress of flowering time, which is dripped, emerges, and under liquid manure sufficiency, parent a and parent is opened the b same periods
Flower, voluntarily pollinates, Routine Management to harvest, the seed for the strain that last selection adaptation is strong, strong and yield is high is reserved seed for planting.
Preferably, the base fertilizer of the step (1) includes organic fertilizer, 20% composite fertilizer and 10% N P and K for accounting for total amount 70%
Fertilizer, every mu of total fertilization amount is 3000~3500kg.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is made up of the parts by weight of following raw material components：50~70 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, flyash
6~8 parts, 4~8 parts of medical stone, 12~18 parts of sawdust, 2~3 parts of composite bacterium powder, preparation method is to be well mixed various raw materials
After be put into fermentation vat, fermentation in heaps is obtained for 1~2 month.
Preferably, the activating agent for nutrition of plant includes the part by weight of following raw material components：Lumbricin 22%, earthworm solution
Thermokalite 8%, indolebutyric acid 6%, hypoxanthine 8%, antibiotic 15%, compound amino acid 20%, boric acid 5%, remaining is water.
Preferably, be additionally included in cultivation ground 1, cultivate ground 2 and planting site cultivation honeybee, by honeybee pollination the step of.
Preferably, special efficacy nutrient for plants addition is the 5% of seed total amount in the step (3).
Preferably, low temperature environment is that temperature is -2~2 DEG C in the step (1), and processing time is 6~10h.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1st, differently band carries out parent's acclimation for selection, passes through
Mode is eliminated year by year, finally gives the oil sunflower of two kinds of different performances, one kind is barren-resistant, the preferable parent a of resistance；Separately
One kind is high yield, and quality is excellent, the high parent b of oil productivity, and after both are hybridized, obtained filial generation has the shape of two parents concurrently
Shape so that the filial generation cultivated has high yield, the characteristics of high-quality oil productivity is high；2nd, using low in barren-resistant parent a cultivation
Temperature processing domestication seed, after gibberellin processing, the bud ratio of seed after planting is high, and seedling percent is high, plant nutrient
Activating agent is poured after root, can greatly improve the resistance of plant, promotes plant root growth, and the activating agent for nutrition of plant has aobvious
The activating force of work, the vigor that can strengthen plant itself, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling can be significantly improved using the activating agent for nutrition of plant
Survival rate, the need for conveniently adapting to varying environment growth, while later stage disease resistance is more preferable；3rd, high parent b in itself have high yield,
Efficiently, the characteristic of high-quality, make it that offspring's purity is higher after liquid manure abundance is eliminated year by year, hybridizes what is produced with parent a mixed plantings
Offspring, obtains hereditary shape more；4th, by the seed of strong, strong and high yield strain is reserved seed for planting after planting, adaptability is good,
Survival rate is planted to more than 80% barren, and the good location of liquid manure reaches more than 90%, and the resistance of offspring is also preferable, it is raw
Long speed is fast, and seed Empty grain rate is less than 2%, and seed oil content is up to more than 48.7%.
Embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described below.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Example, the every other embodiment that those skilled in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made belongs to this hair
The scope of bright protection.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, this method comprises the following steps：
(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated：Areal differently band selection soil layer is shallower, soil depletion area is used as training
Educate ground 1；Away from ground 1km deep subsoils selected above are cultivated, fertile area is used as cultivation ground 2；Respectively to cultivating ground 1 and cultivating
The thin and processing that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is harrowed in the deep ploughing of ground 2, is cultivated and is not planted any oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers around ground 1 and cultivation ground 2；Base fertilizer includes accounting for total amount 70%
Organic fertilizer, 20% composite fertilizer and 10% azophoska, every mu of total fertilization amount are 3000~3500kg；Wherein organic fertilizer uses autogamy
Organic fertilizer, it is made up of the parts by weight of following raw material components：50 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 6 parts of flyash, 4 parts of medical stone, sawdust 12
Part, 2 parts of composite bacterium powder, preparation method are to be put into fermentation vat after various raw materials are well mixed, and fermentation in heaps is obtained for 1~2 month.
Composite bacterium powder includes EM bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, wherein EM bacterium, Su Yun
Golden bacillus, bacillus licheniformis, the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are 1:1:1:1:1:1；Composite bacterium powder
Use, the composition of organic fertilizer can be continued, organic matter composition is sustained, be that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth equilibrium persistently provides nutrient；EM bacterium, Su Yunjin
Bacillus, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are selected from regular producer；
(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation：Select the full oil sunflower of selection before impoverishment tolerant, the oil sunflower of high yield, sowing
It is -2~2 DEG C to be placed in temperature, and processing time is 6~10h, makees low-temperature treatment；Then using 35~40 DEG C of warm water to low temperature at
2~3h of seed immersion after reason, which is pulled out, to be drained, and is placed into Gibberellins solution and is soaked after 10~18h, seed is sown into cultivation ground 1
In, when treating seedling plants length to 1~2 true leaf, root is poured with activating agent for nutrition of plant 1~2 time, according to Routine Management to receipts
Into；And weak strain is eliminated year by year；The last strain that selection adaptation is strong, purity is high and does not degenerate is reserved seed for planting；In this manner cultivate 3~
Seed is obtained after 5 years as parent a；Activating agent for nutrition of plant includes the part by weight of following raw material components：Lumbricin 22%, earthworm
Earthworm solution thermokalite 8%, indolebutyric acid 6%, hypoxanthine 8%, antibiotic 15%, compound amino acid 20%, boric acid 5%, remaining
For water；
(3) high parent b cultivation：Highly efficient and productive, high-quality the oil sunflower of selection, is mixed before sowing with carbendazim every time
Sterilization processing is planted, after clear water washing, takes appropriate special efficacy nutrient for plants to carry out Dressing；Seed is sown into cultivation ground 2, led to
3~5 selfings are crossed, and periodically fertilising is hoed up weeds, the seed of the suitable yield height of selection, high-quality and the strain do not degenerated is used as parent b；It is special
It is the 5% of seed total amount to imitate nutrient for plants addition；Carried out after Dressing, improved using special efficacy nutrient for plants (SPNE)
The plant weight of percentage of seedgermination and seedling, chlorophyll, protein content etc., improve the yield of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers；
(4) parents combination is cultivated：Select one piece of planting site else, deep ploughing rake is thin, then applied in planting site bottom enough
Organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dig kind of a plant hole in planting site, using parent a seed as male parent, parent b seed is female parent；Sowing
When, it is 4 according to growing area parent a and parent b column number proportions:2 sowings, are dripped according to parent a and b flowering time difference
Emerge cultivation；The later first progress of flowering time, which is dripped, emerges, and under liquid manure sufficiency, parent a and parent is opened the b same periods
Flower, voluntarily pollinates, Routine Management to harvest, the seed for the strain that last selection adaptation is strong, strong and yield is high is reserved seed for planting；
Needed finally according to pollination, cultivating ground 1, ground 2 cultivated and planting site cultivation honeybee, by honeybee pollination.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, this method comprises the following steps：
(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated：Areal differently band selection soil layer is shallower, soil depletion area is used as training
Educate ground 1；Away from ground 1km deep subsoils selected above are cultivated, fertile area is used as cultivation ground 2；Respectively to cultivating ground 1 and cultivating
The thin and processing that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is harrowed in the deep ploughing of ground 2, is cultivated and is not planted any oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers around ground 1 and cultivation ground 2；Base fertilizer includes accounting for total amount 70%
Organic fertilizer, 20% composite fertilizer and 10% azophoska, every mu of total fertilization amount are 3000~3500kg；Wherein organic fertilizer uses autogamy
Organic fertilizer, it is made up of the parts by weight of following raw material components：60 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 7 parts of flyash, 6 parts of medical stone, sawdust 15
Part, 3 parts of composite bacterium powder, preparation method are to be put into fermentation vat after various raw materials are well mixed, and fermentation in heaps is obtained for 1~2 month,
Composite bacterium powder be the same as Example 1；
(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation：Select the full oil sunflower of selection before impoverishment tolerant, the oil sunflower of high yield, sowing
It is -2~2 DEG C to be placed in temperature, and processing time is 6~10h, makees low-temperature treatment；Then using 35~40 DEG C of warm water to low temperature at
2~3h of seed immersion after reason, which is pulled out, to be drained, and is placed into Gibberellins solution and is soaked after 10~18h, seed is sown into cultivation ground 1
In, when treating seedling plants length to 1~2 true leaf, root is poured with activating agent for nutrition of plant 1~2 time, according to Routine Management to receipts
Into；And weak strain is eliminated year by year；The last strain that selection adaptation is strong, purity is high and does not degenerate is reserved seed for planting；In this manner cultivate 3~
Seed is obtained after 5 years as parent a；Activating agent for nutrition of plant be the same as Example 1；
(3) high parent b cultivation：Highly efficient and productive, high-quality the oil sunflower of selection, is mixed before sowing with carbendazim every time
Sterilization processing is planted, after clear water washing, takes appropriate special efficacy nutrient for plants to carry out Dressing；Seed is sown into cultivation ground 2, led to
3~5 selfings are crossed, and periodically fertilising is hoed up weeds, the seed of the suitable yield height of selection, high-quality and the strain do not degenerated is used as parent b；It is special
It is the 5% of seed total amount to imitate nutrient for plants addition；
(4) parents combination is cultivated：Select one piece of planting site else, deep ploughing rake is thin, then applied in planting site bottom enough
Organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dig kind of a plant hole in planting site, using parent a seed as male parent, parent b seed is female parent；Sowing
When, it is 4 according to growing area parent a and parent b column number proportions:2 sowings, are dripped according to parent a and b flowering time difference
Emerge cultivation；The later first progress of flowering time, which is dripped, emerges, and under liquid manure sufficiency, parent a and parent is opened the b same periods
Flower, voluntarily pollinates, Routine Management to harvest, the seed for the strain that last selection adaptation is strong, strong and yield is high is reserved seed for planting；
Needed finally according to pollination, cultivating ground 1, ground 2 cultivated and planting site cultivation honeybee, by honeybee pollination.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, this method comprises the following steps：
(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated：Areal differently band selection soil layer is shallower, soil depletion area is used as training
Educate ground 1；Away from ground 1km deep subsoils selected above are cultivated, fertile area is used as cultivation ground 2；Respectively to cultivating ground 1 and cultivating
The thin and processing that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is harrowed in the deep ploughing of ground 2, is cultivated and is not planted any oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers around ground 1 and cultivation ground 2；Base fertilizer includes accounting for total amount 70%
Organic fertilizer, 20% composite fertilizer and 10% azophoska, every mu of total fertilization amount are 3000~3500kg；Wherein organic fertilizer uses autogamy
Organic fertilizer, it is made up of the parts by weight of following raw material components：70 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 8 parts of fine coal, 8 parts of medical stone, sawdust 18
Part, 3 parts of composite bacterium powder, preparation method are to be put into fermentation vat after various raw materials are well mixed, and fermentation in heaps is obtained for 1~2 month,
Composite bacterium powder composite bacterium powder be the same as Example 1；
(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation：Select the full oil sunflower of selection before impoverishment tolerant, the oil sunflower of high yield, sowing
It is -2~2 DEG C to be placed in temperature, and processing time is 6~10h, makees low-temperature treatment；Then using 35~40 DEG C of warm water to low temperature at
2~3h of seed immersion after reason, which is pulled out, to be drained, and is placed into Gibberellins solution and is soaked after 10~18h, seed is sown into cultivation ground 1
In, when treating seedling plants length to 1~2 true leaf, root is poured with activating agent for nutrition of plant 1~2 time, according to Routine Management to receipts
Into；And weak strain is eliminated year by year；The last strain that selection adaptation is strong, purity is high and does not degenerate is reserved seed for planting；In this manner cultivate 3~
Seed is obtained after 5 years as parent a；Activating agent for nutrition of plant be the same as Example 1；
(3) high parent b cultivation：Highly efficient and productive, high-quality the oil sunflower of selection, is mixed before sowing with carbendazim every time
Sterilization processing is planted, after clear water washing, takes appropriate special efficacy nutrient for plants to carry out Dressing；Seed is sown into cultivation ground 2, led to
3~5 selfings are crossed, and periodically fertilising is hoed up weeds, the seed of the suitable yield height of selection, high-quality and the strain do not degenerated is used as parent b；It is special
It is the 5% of seed total amount to imitate nutrient for plants addition；
(4) parents combination is cultivated：Select one piece of planting site else, deep ploughing rake is thin, then applied in planting site bottom enough
Organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, dig kind of a plant hole in planting site, using parent a seed as male parent, parent b seed is female parent；Sowing
When, it is 4 according to growing area parent a and parent b column number proportions:2 sowings, are dripped according to parent a and b flowering time difference
Emerge cultivation；The later first progress of flowering time, which is dripped, emerges, and under liquid manure sufficiency, parent a and parent is opened the b same periods
Flower, voluntarily pollinates, Routine Management to harvest, the seed for the strain that last selection adaptation is strong, strong and yield is high is reserved seed for planting；
Needed finally according to pollination, cultivating ground 1, ground 2 cultivated and planting site cultivation honeybee, by honeybee pollination.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1) ground selection and site preparation are cultivated：Areal differently band selection soil layer is shallower, soil depletion area is used as and cultivates ground
1；Away from ground 1km deep subsoils selected above are cultivated, fertile area is used as cultivation ground 2；Respectively to cultivating ground 1 and cultivating ground 2
The thin and processing that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is harrowed in deep ploughing, is cultivated and is not planted any oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers around ground 1 and cultivation ground 2；
(2) barren-resistant parent a cultivation：The full oil sunflower of selection before impoverishment tolerant, the oil sunflower of high yield, sowing is selected to be placed in
Make low-temperature treatment in low temperature environment；Then 2~3h is soaked to the seed after low-temperature treatment using 35~40 DEG C of warm water and pulls drip out
It is dry, place into Gibberellins solution and soak after 10~18h, seed is sown into cultivation ground 1, treat seedling plants length to 1~2 very
When leaf, root is poured with activating agent for nutrition of plant 1~2 time, according to Routine Management to harvest；And weak strain is eliminated year by year；Finally select
Strong adaptability, purity strain that is high and not degenerating are reserved seed for planting；Seed is obtained as parent a after cultivating 3~5 years in this manner；
(3) high parent b cultivation：Highly efficient and productive, high-quality the oil sunflower of selection, is killed before sowing with carbendazim seed dressing every time
Bacterium is handled, and after clear water washing, takes appropriate special efficacy nutrient for plants to carry out Dressing；Seed is sown into cultivation ground 2, passes through 3
~5 selfings, and periodically fertilising is hoed up weeds, the seed of the suitable yield height of selection, high-quality and the strain do not degenerated is used as parent b；
(4) parents combination is cultivated：Select one piece of planting site else, deep ploughing rake is thin, then being applied in planting site bottom enough has
Machine fertilizer digs kind of a plant hole as base fertilizer in planting site, using parent a seed as male parent, and parent b seed is female parent；When sowing,
It is 4 according to growing area parent a and parent b column number proportions:2 sowings, drip emerging according to parent a and b flowering time difference
Cultivate；The later first progress of flowering time, which is dripped, emerges, and under liquid manure sufficiency, parent a and parent is bloomed the b same periods, from
Row pollination, Routine Management to harvest, the seed for the strain that last selection adaptation is strong, strong and yield is high is reserved seed for planting.
2. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the base fertilizer of the step (1)
Organic fertilizer, 20% composite fertilizer and 10% azophoska including accounting for total amount 70%, every mu of total fertilization amount are 3000~3500kg.
3. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the organic fertilizer is by following original
Expect the parts by weight composition of component：50~70 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 6~8 parts of flyash, 4~8 parts of medical stone, 12~18 parts of sawdust,
2~3 parts of composite bacterium powder, preparation method is to be put into fermentation vat after various raw materials are well mixed, and fermentation in heaps is obtained for 1~2 month.
4. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the activating agent for nutrition of plant
Include the part by weight of following raw material components：Lumbricin 22%, lumbrifebrine 8%, indolebutyric acid 6%, hypoxanthine
8%th, antibiotic 15%, compound amino acid 20%, boric acid 5%, remaining is water.
5. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be additionally included in cultivation ground 1, training
Educate ground 2 and planting site cultivation honeybee, by honeybee pollination the step of.
6. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that special efficacy in the step (3)
Nutrient for plants addition is the 5% of seed total amount.
7. the breeding method of the barren-resistant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that low temperature in the step (1)
Environment is that temperature is -2~2 DEG C, and processing time is 6~10h.
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