CN107183597A - 一种蓝靛果功能食品 - Google Patents
一种蓝靛果功能食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107183597A CN107183597A CN201710424404.7A CN201710424404A CN107183597A CN 107183597 A CN107183597 A CN 107183597A CN 201710424404 A CN201710424404 A CN 201710424404A CN 107183597 A CN107183597 A CN 107183597A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- fruit
- indigo fruit
- indigo
- powder
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蓝靛果功能食品，属于食品领域。是由下列重量份的原料制成的：蓝靛果粉350~450份，枸杞粉80~120份，菊花粉80~120份，麦芽糊精120~180份，葡萄糖120~180份，微晶纤维素40~60份，山梨糖醇35~45份，硬脂酸镁8~12份。本发明是由蓝靛果提取物、枸杞、菊花为主要原料制成的，都是对于身体有益无害的，用于缓解干眼症症状的功能食品，不会使眼睛越来越干燥。还具有清热解毒的功能，具有抗炎、抗病毒、软化血管、降低血压、抗肿瘤的功效。为广泛利用蓝靛果的丰富资源，推动蓝靛果系列保健食品的产业化开发奠定了基础，体现出蓝靛果深加工蕴涵的巨大经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，尤其是指一种用于缓解干眼症症状的功能食品。
背景技术
目前，随着电脑空调等的普及及广泛运用，环境的污染，干眼症的发病率正在以惊人的速度增加，且年龄趋向年轻化，严重的干眼病将导致角膜上皮磨损、丝状角膜炎和角膜溃疡，并最终导致角膜混浊和视力丧失等严重后果，近年来干眼病的研究和治疗成为眼科的热门话题 。
流行病学调查显示，干眼症的患者日益增多，干眼的患病率约为7.8%~33.78%，干眼症的诊治工作越来越受到重视。近年来围绕干眼症及其发生的相关因素国内外均有所研究，干眼症受多种因素影响，原因复杂。泪液异常，泪膜不稳定是导致干眼症的最直接的原因，干眼症常见症状主要有:眼睛干涩、异物感、痛灼热感、疲倦、眼痒、粘稠的分泌物、畏光、严重者影响视力，给工作和生活带来不便。
目前，市场上可以治疗和缓解干眼症的药物有很多。诸如：人工泪液、一些品牌的眼药水和食用性药物等等。而这些类产品的在冗杂的市场中鱼龙混杂，患者很难去辨别产品的好坏，有的患者使用了不合格或者有效成分低的劣质药物，病症没有得到缓解，还会使眼睛越来越干涩，加重病症。
蓝靛果(学名:Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd.)是忍冬科，忍冬属蓝果忍冬的变种。落叶灌木，幼枝被毛，老枝棕色，冬芽叉开，叶稀卵形，两面疏生短硬毛，花冠外面有柔毛，花柱无毛，果蓝黑色，稍被白粉，5-6月开花，8-9月结果。
产中国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、宁夏、甘肃南部、青海、四川北部及云南西北部。生于落叶林下或林缘荫处灌丛中，海拔2600-3500米。朝鲜、日本和俄罗斯远东地区也有分布。
椭圆形蓝紫色浆果像玛瑙石，味道酸甜可口。浆果含7种氨基酸和维生素C，可生食，又可提供色素，亦可酿酒、做饮料和果酱。花蕾、果、花又是蜜源。除具极高的食用价值外，果实中还含有丰富的Vpp活性物质，诸如芸香甙、花青甙等，具有极高的药用价值。果实不仅有清热解毒之功效，而且对降压，提高血球数，治疗小儿厌食症都有一定疗效。嫩枝可入药，清热解毒。蓝靛果全植株含有桃叶珊瑚甙，种子含花色甙。
蓝靛果因其潜在的营养价值、药用价值和商用价值，是一种世界珍稀的、纯天然的、绿色的、野生的可食用浆果，具有极为广阔的国内外市场，进一步开发蓝靛果保健品，其附加值更高，因而具有广阔的开发利用前景。
蓝靛果是一种营养丰富的浆果。ZHOLOBOVA,Z.P.报道蓝靛果富含维生素、矿质元素和其它生物活性物质;AZIN,L.A.等发现果实中其碳水化合物、多元醇及有机酸含量各以葡萄糖、山梨糖醇及柠檬酸为最多;ANIKINA,E.V.等从其果实中提出苦味物质并确定其组分，且鉴定出果实内含三种柠檬酸酯类物质;VERESHCHAGIN,A.L.等认为蓝靛果中苦味物质是三种苹果酸酯，其中含量最多的是二丁基苹果酸酯。中国许双庆报道了蓝靛果干物质中微量元素含量，鲜果及果汁中维生素、各种糖分及总酸、总糖含量;齐桂元等测定出蓝靛果果实中含有16种氨基酸，其中有9种是人体所必需的;李淑芹等通过对蓝靛果原汁和蓝靛果酒进行营养学研究，结果表明蓝靛果中含VB1、VB2、VPP、VC等多种维生素，矿物质元素和氨基酸含量丰富，尤其是VPP含量高出水果近百倍，必需氨基酸占总量40%左右，后又测出蓝靛果中含有多种黄酮类成分，总含量为1.3%。
现代医学研究证明蓝靛果具有清热解毒功能，具有抗炎和抗病毒能力，能防止毛细血管破裂、降低血压、改善肝脏的解毒功能，且具有抗肿瘤功效，可缓解放疗后的不适症状，可减缓化疗后白细胞数量降低的作用。
黄普华等报道蓝靛果叶中含有抗坏血酸成分，含量为0.07%;ZHOLOBOVA，Z.P.证实果实中所含花青素苷、无色花青素昔、儿茶酸及芸香苷等物质，经临床实验验证其对心脑血管疾病有一定疗效，还可防止血管破裂，降低血压，并有抗病毒、抗癌和改善肝脏解毒作用等功效。侯江雁等研究表明蓝靛果无毒;金政[17-19]探讨了蓝靛果对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的多方面研究，结果表明蓝靛果能使小鼠肝小叶损伤区域缩小，肝细胞中脂滴减少，琥珀酸脱氢酶活性增强、肝细胞中溶酶体数量减少，酸性磷酸酶活性降低及血清谷草转氨酶活力降低，且促进线粒体恢复和再生，对肝脏损伤具有一定的保护作用;邱绍婕等研究表明蓝靛果可明显提高小鼠耐高温、抗疲劳、耐缺氧能力，提高应激反应能力，且能明显缓解使用化疗药后小鼠白细胞的降低和体重减轻，提高其生存率;韩京振等证明蓝靛果能改善小鼠心肌氧的供求，且对减压缺氧小鼠有明显保护作用，从而提示蓝靛果对冠心病有一定疗效。
蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物对S180肉瘤和肝癌H22实体瘤有抑制作用231;蓝靛果提取物诱导人白血病HL - 60细胞凋亡。
蓝靛果的果实多浆汁，种子极小，出汁率高，是制作饮料的极好原料，经常饮用这种饮料，能调整人体机能，调节血压，具有减缓衰老的作用，被誉为"饮料之王"。国内外一些具有远见卓识的科研人员，早已看中蓝靛果的美好前景，深入研究和开发，已获得可喜的成果。前苏联学者们从20世纪60年代起，深入研究蓝靛果，并发现了该果中含有丰富的Vp活性物质，如花青甙、芸香甙，儿茶酸等，具有很高的药用价值，值得强调的是:俄罗斯把蓝靛果加工成宇航员专用的饮料。我国有关专家从80年代开始对蓝靛果营养保健功能进行专项研究，也在研究中惊喜地发现:蓝靛果不但可降压、提高白血球数，而且具有治疗小儿厌食症的功效，且治愈率达90%，相继开发出的饮料、果汁、果酒等保健饮品悄然进入市场，虽然尚未形成大气候，但已成为人们追求的新型饮品。
蓝靛果具有较高的营养价值及药用功能，是天然抗氧化剂的良好资源。野生蓝靛果果实酸含有大量的维生素C和氨基酸以及多种微量元素及大量黄酮类成分，提取物还富含次级代谢所需的花色苷和酚酸。研究显示，蓝靛果与其他许多产品相比有很强的抗氧化活性。以前的研究也显示，蓝靛果对过氧自由基、超氧自由基、过氧化氢、羟基、单线态氧有很高的氧自由基吸收能力。蓝靛果提取物或者从蓝靛果中分离出的天然产物，3-糖苷花青素具有化学抑制和化学治疗的活性。
蓝靛果提取液的HPLS分析显示:鞣花酸，樨皮素3一糖苷，懈皮素3-鼠李糖苷，4,5,7-三羟基酮醇3-糖苷，4,5,7-三羟基酮醇衍生物，花青素3-糖苷，花葵素3-糖苷，花青素3-木糖苷，花青素3-糖苷衍生物，二羧酸酰化花青素3-糖苷衍生物都存在一定量，并且都有一定的抗氧化特性。
蓝靛果中含有大量的抗氧化物，花青素3一糖苷是抗氧化物中最有优势的，有最大的抗氧化能力。花色苷有可能是人类饮食中含量最多的酚类化合物，也将用于射线保护剂、催产素、化疗药、降低毛细血管脆性、抑制血小板浆集、加强组织肿的胶原蛋白基质交联。花青素属于花色苷，具有抗氧化和清除射线的能力。
抗突变, Yomshimoto用鼠伤害杆菌TA98为材料，评价了4种甘薯块根水提取物的抗突变活性。发现特别是紫肉甘薯(AyarT1urasaki)中的花色苷可有效地抑制杂环胺、3．氨基．1，4．二甲基．5氢．吡哆．(4，3-b)吲哚、3．氨基．1．甲基．5氢．吡哆．(4，3-b)吲哚和2．氨基．3．甲基眯唑(4，5．f)喹啉引起的突变作用。实验强调特别是酰基化的花色苷具有强烈的抗突变作用。
预防心脑血管疾病，保护肝脏,从红葡萄酒中提取的花色苷能有效地清除超氧自由基和羟自由基(OH )。在体外实验中，花色苷能明显抑制低密度脂蛋白的氧化和血小板的聚集，而这两种物质却是引起动脉粥样硬化的主要因子。Wang等用白草枯(Cl2Hl4Br2N2，一种除草剂)引起鼠肝损害，用0．1%或0．2%的花色苷可显著降低对鼠肝细胞的损伤，证明花色苷对肝脏具有保护作用。
增进视力,医学临床报告显示蓝莓中的花青素可促进视网膜细胞中视紫质（Rhodopsin）的再生成，可预防重度近视及视网膜剥离，并可增进视力。
花青素是强效的抗氧化剂，可维持正常的细胞连结、血管的稳定、增进微细血管循环、提高微血管和静脉的流动。
其他,花青素还具有抗辐射的作用，花青素颜色因PH值不同会发生变化，大部分花青素具有良好的光、热、pH值稳定性，对于白领或是长期处于日晒、电辐射环境中的人群，花青素的功效可是不可或缺的。
枸杞既是传统名贵中药材，又是一种营养滋补品，最适合与灵芝搭配服用。在卫生部公布的63种功能食品两用的名单中，名列榜首。 作为传统中药，枸杞性平味甘，具有滋补肝肾、益精明目、润肺的功效，与灵芝搭配可防治百病，与蓝养片搭配护肝。 通过化学成分分析，枸杞的果实检测出含有丰富的天然胡萝卜素、维生素C、枸杞蛋白多糖、甜菜碱、亚油酸以及铁、磷、钙等营养成分，有补虚安神、明目祛风、滋肾润肺以及护肝抗肿瘤等作用。
枸杞子含有丰富的胡萝卜素、多种维生素和钙、铁等健康眼睛的必需营养物质，故有明目之功，俗称"明眼子"。历代医家治疗肝血不足、肾阴亏虚引起的视物昏化和夜盲症，常常使用枸杞子。并且，枸杞子从诗经"集于苞杞"时起，便用于医药，迄今已有3000余年的历史，自古就有晋朝葛洪单用枸杞子捣汁滴目，治疗眼科疾患的故事。枸杞子之名始见于《神农本草经》，并列为上品，千百年来深受人们的喜爱。
《神农本草经》记载：“枸杞久服能坚筋骨、耐寒暑，轻身不老，乃中药中之上品。”《本草纲目》记载“枸杞子甘平而润，性滋补……能补肾、润肺、生精、益气，此乃平补之药。”众所周知，宁夏枸杞是我国传统的名贵中药材，具有补肾养肝、润肺明目等功效，受到中外医学家与食疗养生专家的高度重视。经研究，宁夏枸杞具有如下养生保健功效。人体的视网膜光感受器是由视黄醇和视蛋白所构成，枸杞中所含丰富的B一胡萝卜素可在人体内转化成维生素A，而维生素A可生成视黄醇，从而提高视力，防止黄斑症。枸杞子富含枸杞多糖，枸杞多糖是一种水溶性多糖，由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、鼠李糖这6种单糖成分组成，具有生理活性，能够增强非特异性免疫功能，提高抗病能力，抑制肿瘤生长和细胞突变。免疫衰老与细胞凋亡密切相关。枸杞多糖(LBP)，能明显提高吞噬细胞的吞噬功能，提高淋巴细胞的增殖能力。
菊花除具有观赏价值之外，还具有药用、饮用和食用等, 味甘、辛、苦，性微寒，入肝、肺经，有疏散风热、清肝明目之功效。多用于外感风热或温病初起，表现为发热、头痛、咳嗽、咽红及肝阳上亢之眩晕，无论寒热均可应用。对肝火、风热所致的目赤肿痛、肝肾不足或近视、夜盲等也可应用。此外，菊花尚有清热解毒作用，可用于疮疖肿毒，常用量为10~15克，水煎服。但气虚胃寒、食少泄泻者宜慎用。现代医学表明，菊花含有挥发油、腺嘌呤、胆碱及多种维生素等。能抗病原微生物，对多种致病菌及病毒均有一定的拮抗作用。有解热、抗炎作用，能扩张冠脉，减轻心肌缺血状态。
食用菊(学名:edible chrysanthemum)是茼蒿属下的一个种，多年生宿根草本植物。花器中含有菊花甙、腺嘌呤、氨基酸及微量元素等，有清热解毒、平肝明目之功效。制作饮料，清热解暑。菊花的药用可以追溯到汉代。汉代第一本中药学专著《神农本草经》中就把菊花列为上品并这样写到:"主风头眩，肿痛，目欲脱，泪出，皮肤死肌，恶风湿痹，久服利血气，轻身，耐老，延年"。这主要是因为菊花含有大量的菊甙、挥发油、黄酮类化合物、维生素B1、氨基酸等活性成分，能增强毛细血管抵抗力、降低血压。
据测定，每100克鲜菊花花瓣中含有蛋白质1.9克、脂肪0.9克、糖分4.8克、纤维素0.23毫克、钙64毫克、磷50毫克，此外食用菊花中含菊花中含有多种挥发油、菊甙、腺嘌呤、氨基酸、胆碱、绿原酸、水苏碱、小蘖碱、黄酮类、菊色素、维生素，微量元素等物质，可抗病原体，增强毛细血管抵抗力;其中的类黄酮物质已经被证明对自由基有很强的清除作用，而且在抗氧化，防衰老等方面卓有成效;绿原酸具有抗致癌物质活性作用，具有广泛的抗菌作用、利胆和止血、增高白血球及很强的抗病毒作用。从营养学角度分析，植物的精华在于花果。菊花花瓣中含有17种氨基酸，其中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、脯氨酸等含量较高。此外，还富含维生素及铁、锌、铜、硒等微量元素，因而具有一般果蔬无法比拟的作用。现代临床医学也证明，菊花可扩张冠状动脉，增加血流量，降低血压，对冠心病，高血压，动脉硬化、血清胆固醇过高症都有很好的疗效，长期食用，还有"利血气、轻身、延年"的功效，因此菊花是上等的保健蔬菜。
发明内容
本发明提供一种蓝靛果功能食品，用于缓解干眼症症状，且食用方便、酸甜可口、营养丰富。
本发明采取的技术方案是：是由下列重量份的原料制成的：
蓝靛果粉350~450份，枸杞粉80~120份，菊花粉80~120份，麦芽糊精120~180份，葡萄糖120~180份，微晶纤维素40~60份，山梨糖醇35~45份，硬脂酸镁8~12份。
优选的，蓝靛果粉400份，枸杞粉100份，菊花粉100份，麦芽糊精150份，葡萄糖150份，微晶纤维素50份，山梨糖醇40份，硬脂酸镁10份。
本发明压片糖果采取的制备方法是：
（1）、将原料按配方比例进行粉碎；
（2）、粉碎后过80目筛；
（3）、将除硬脂酸镁外原料进行混合；
（4）、将混合后的物料取出进行制粒，制粒后再过筛；
（5）、加入硬脂酸镁进行压片、最后进行包装。
所述蓝靛果粉的制备方法是：将蓝靛果鲜果打碎，滤出上层清液体，加入降解酶，混均匀，放室内20℃~25℃，2~4小时，后进行干燥，干燥温度为80℃，干燥后取出。
本发明是由蓝靛果提取物、枸杞、菊花为主要原料制成的，都是对于身体有益无害的，对于眼睛也是十分好的一些食材，而将这三者以一定的比例、并辅以添加剂结合起来，无毒无公害，食材间无抗性，起最大限度的缓解作用，用于缓解干眼症症状的功能食品，不会使眼睛越来越干燥。主原料蓝靛果中含有花青素、烟酸，其Vpp含量高出其他水果近百倍，其食用、药用价值十分高。本发明的蓝靛果花青素含量在29.8～40％，其中锦葵色素含量占花青素的4.68～5.48％；抗氧化活性是Vc的7.8～15倍，具有清热解毒的功能，具有抗炎、抗病毒、软化血管、降低血压、抗肿瘤的功效。
本发明能够从根本上来调节泪腺的机能，使干眼症的患者在无痛、无抵触的情况下使病症得到大幅度的缓解，可对于青少年的眼疲劳状况进行缓解、对于一些上班族天天面对电脑等造成的对眼睛的刺激也可缓解、对于老人们由于身体机能老化而出现的眼部的小问题亦能起到缓解作用。为广泛利用蓝靛果的丰富资源，推动蓝靛果系列保健食品的产业化开发奠定了基础，体现出蓝靛果深加工蕴涵的巨大经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1
是由下列重量份的原料制成的：
蓝靛果粉350g，枸杞粉80g，菊花粉80g，麦芽糊精120g，葡萄糖120g，微晶纤维素40g，山梨糖醇35g，硬脂酸镁8g。
实施例2
蓝靛果粉400g，枸杞粉100g，菊花粉100g，麦芽糊精150g，葡萄糖150g，微晶纤维素50g，山梨糖醇40g，硬脂酸镁10g。
实施例3
蓝靛果粉450g，枸杞粉120g，菊花粉120g，麦芽糊精180g，葡萄糖180g，微晶纤维素60g，山梨糖醇45g，硬脂酸镁12g。
本发明压片糖果采取的制备方法是：
（1）、将原料按配方比例进行粉碎；
（2）、粉碎后过80目筛；
（3）、将除硬脂酸镁外原料进行混合；
（4）、将混合后的物料取出进行制粒，制粒后再过筛；
（5）、加入硬脂酸镁进行压片、最后进行包装。
所述蓝靛果粉的制备方法是：将蓝靛果鲜果打碎，滤出上层清液体，加入降解酶，混均匀，放室内20℃~25℃，2~4小时，后进行干燥，干燥温度为80℃，干燥后取出。
Claims (5)
1.一种蓝靛果功能食品，其特征在于，是由下列重量份的原料制成的：
蓝靛果粉350~450份，枸杞粉80~120份，菊花粉80~120份，麦芽糊精120~180份，葡萄糖120~180份，微晶纤维素40~60份，山梨糖醇35~45份，硬脂酸镁8~12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝靛果功能食品，其特征在于，是由下列重量份的原料制成的：
蓝靛果粉400份，枸杞粉100份，菊花粉100份，麦芽糊精150份，葡萄糖150份，微晶纤维素50份，山梨糖醇40份，硬脂酸镁10份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种蓝靛果功能食品，其特征在于，所述蓝靛果粉的制备方法是：将蓝靛果鲜果打碎，滤出上层清液体，加入降解酶，混均匀，放室内20℃~25℃，2~4小时，后进行干燥，干燥温度为80℃，干燥后取出。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种蓝靛果功能食品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
（1）、将原料按配方比例进行粉碎；
（2）、粉碎后过80目筛；
（3）、将除硬脂酸镁外原料进行混合；
（4）、将混合后的物料取出进行制粒，制粒后再过筛；
（5）、加入硬脂酸镁进行压片、最后进行包装。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种蓝靛果功能食品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
（1）、将原料按配方比例进行粉碎；
（2）、粉碎后过80目筛；
（3）、将除硬脂酸镁外原料进行混合；
（4）、将混合后的物料取出进行制粒，制粒后再过筛；
（5）、加入硬脂酸镁进行压片、最后进行包装。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113332366A (zh) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-03 | 张腾龙 | 医药组成物用于制备治疗干眼症的药物的用途 |
| CN113995107A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | 一种含有蓝靛果和鳄嘴花的即食片及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113332366A (zh) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-03 | 张腾龙 | 医药组成物用于制备治疗干眼症的药物的用途 |
| CN113995107A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | 一种含有蓝靛果和鳄嘴花的即食片及其制备方法 |
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