CN107173216A - Seed selection and its application in Mixed plant that corn difference pericarp color CMS tri- is - Google Patents

Abstract

The seed selection for being the invention discloses a species diversity pericarp color mitochondrial DNA three and its Commercial cultivation method, it is because being directed respectively into corn C MS sterile lines or restorer with the mode of hybridization, backcrossing and selfing by special pericarp color base, the difference of fruit colour is created between hybrid parents, sterilization Mixed plant combination seed color sorting technology is used again, produces corn hybrid seed.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The sterilization production of hybrid seeds can exempt artificial emasculation process, and reduction production cost, raising purity of hybrid are conducive to large-scale seed farm to manage and intensive manufacture；Mixed plant can simplify corn hybrid seed production model, improve seed production mechanization degree, reduction production cost；Seed color sorting can ensure purity of hybrid and seed quality, the safe efficient, intensive of corn hybrid seed seed, mechanization production are realized, there is positive effect for ensureing hybrid corn seed quality safety, reduction seed production cost and alleviating rural laborer's deficiency.

Description

Seed selection and its application in Mixed plant that corn difference pericarp color CMS tri- is

Technical field

The present invention relates to hybrid maize seed production technical field, and in particular to difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility (cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS) three seed selections for being and its application in sterilization Mixed plant.

Background technology

Corn be heterosis utilization earliest and system it is ripe and worldwide penetration and promotion obtain most effective Crop.Seed production is the important step of heterosis utilization, it is necessary to which strict emasculation and controlled pollination are to ensure cenospecies Seed purity.Effective combination of the developed country such as America and Europe most attention agricultural machinery and agronomy, at present, large area is adopted for corn emasculation Artificial emasculation is replaced with mechanical emasculation.With Chinese society economy and Urbanization Progress, agricultural workforce is increasingly in short supply, production of hybrid seeds enterprise Industry is difficult to find that enough workmans take out hero, recruitment cost more and more higher in corn tasseling stage.In recent years, domestic production of hybrid seeds enterprise is from Europe U.S. introduces purchase corn castration machine tool and tried out in production, finds imported mechanical to operating environment, soil condition on probation Require higher with planting patterns and kind, domestic variety does not consider mechanical emasculation in seed selection for a long time, the biology of itself Character is not suitable for mechanical emasculation operation, to popularization and application, needs to be studied in terms of breed improvement, planting patterns To adapt to mechanical emasculation operation.

It can exempt artificial emasculation process using male sterile line preparing hybrid kind, not only reduce production cost, improve hybridization Purity is planted, and is conducive to corn seed enterprise self-determining to manage large-scale seed farm, intensive manufacture is carried out.Corn is earliest The crop of hybrid seeding is carried out using male sterile line, it is beautiful since the 1st male sterile line of maize cenospecies appearance of nineteen fifty Rice male sterility research has greater advance, and once by large-scale application.But due in terms of understanding, technology, the management, The research and extension of corn male sterility is caused using being severely impacted, so far the kind of China's male sterile line of maize cenospecies Area is planted less than the 3% of maize sown area.According to rough calculation, if corn male sterility cenospecies cultivated area reaches the gross area 35%, can increase income the t of corn 2,500,000 every year, save 1,500,000 work days of labour, corresponding economic benefit and social benefit Clearly.

Existing corn hybrid seed seed production is all that will make outcrossing cultivation side between maternal and male parent regularization together Formula, this production model complex operation, mechanization degree are low, cost is high.Mixed plant be by father, maternal seed by a certain percentage Mixing is live, using chemically or physically method, by male parent when the male parent seed after pollination being removed in field or being processed indoors Seed and cenospecies seed are separated, a kind of final engineering seed production way for obtaining high-purity cenospecies seed.It is to realize hybridization Corn seed producing mechanization, the basis of scale.The key problem in technology of this seed production way be how in field by the male parent after pollination Seed is removed, or how to be separated male parent seed exactly with the cenospecies seed together harvested during seed cleaning.

Corn kernel color belongs to qualitative character, and its color and luster is influenceed by pericarp, aleurone and the part of stratum granulosum 3.Wherein really The heredity of skin color trait is mainly by pericarp color base because of 2 pairs of gene controls of P-p (1S-26) and brown peel gene Bp-bp (9S-44) System, heredity is relatively easy, has red (P-Bp-), brown (P-bpbp), piebald color (Pv-Bp-) and white (pp--) 4 kinds of tables Existing type, wherein P, Pv, p are 3 multiple alleles.Because pericarp belongs to maternal tissue, its color and luster is decided by indica-japonica hybrid, no flower Powder intuition is acted on, with the corn hybridization of different pericarp face, and the seed tied on cross-pollinated maternal plant is still the original face of maternal seed Color.Endosperm is made up of aleurone and stratum granulosum, and color is controlled by different genes, shows Metaxenia.General aleuron Layer is colourless, but can form under special genetic background the colors such as purple, red and brown, the heredity ratio of color trait It is more complicated, (A1, A2, Bzl, Bz2, C1, C2, Inl, Prl, R1) at least relevant with 9 pairs of genes；Stratum granulosum color and luster is mainly by 3 pairs The influence of seed carotenoid content gene is influenceed, makes stratum granulosum color and luster that deep yellow Y1-y1 (6L-13), pale yellow Y8-y8 is presented (7S-18) and white Wc-wc (9L-107).At present, the conventional corn utilized in production is yellow seed, is normally behaved as white Color pericarp, colourless aleurone, yellow stratum granulosum (being rich in carrotene, nutritive value is higher).Therefore, using corn pericarp color Character inheritance is relatively easy, the characteristics of no xenia, by the special pericarp color base of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) etc. because White pericarp CMS sterile lines or restorer are directed respectively into, fruit colour difference is created between Hybrid parent, can letter after the production of hybrid seeds It is single, quick to distinguish hybrid and its male parent.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is aiming at above-mentioned defect of the prior art, i.e., current corn hybrid seed seed production model Complex operation, mechanization degree are low, this high present situation of cost there is provided a kind of seed selection for being with difference pericarp color CMS tri- and its Production application method, finally realizes corn hybrid seed seed safety, efficient, intensive, mechanization production.

To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that provides of the present invention is：A kind of choosing for being with difference pericarp color CMS tri- Educate and its production application method, selection breeding time close sterile line and corresponding restorer are lost using corn pericarp color character Pass simple, the characteristics of no xenia, by red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) by way of hybridization, backcrossing and selfing Pericarp color base creates fruit colour difference because being directed respectively into sterile line or restorer between hybrid parents；Utilize above-mentioned seed selection Sterile line is mixed in proportion with corresponding restorer seed, and mechanical planting carries out sterilization Mixed plant；Treat that male-sterile seed is ripe Afterwards, mechanical harvesting is carried out；Using fruit colour difference between parents, in seed process, hand picking is selected to reject father with reference to fringe This restorer fruit ear, when purification of seeds is classified, by seed color selector, further rejects the male parent seed mixed, reservation has The hybrid seed of special fruit colour or white pericarp, finally realizes that hybrid seed is safe efficient, intensive, mechanization production.

The invention mainly comprises the seed selection of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) pericarp color sterile line or restorer and its The aspect of application two in sterilization Mixed plant.

1st, the seed selection of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) pericarp sterile line or restorer

The present invention first purpose be to provide it is above-mentioned have difference pericarp color sterile line and restorer, specifically include following Step：

1) seed selection of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) pericarp CMS sterile lines

It is recurrent parent from the excellent white of comprehensive agronomy character (pp--) pericarp color CMS maintainers, and with red (P-Bp-) or the special pericarp of brown (P-bpbp) corn germ plasm resource hybridization, backcrossing and selfing, seed selection has special pericarp color CMS maintainers；Maintainer to select is entered as samsara male parent with the homotype sterile line of colour prime white (pp--) pericarp maintainer Row paired cross, finally selects comprehensive agronomy character excellent and with the CMS of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) pericarp Sterile line.

2) seed selection of red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) pericarp CMS restorers

It is recurrent parent from the excellent white of comprehensive agronomy character (pp--) pericarp color CMS restorers, and with red (P-Bp-) or the special pericarp of brown (P-bpbp) corn germ plasm resource hybridization, backcrossing and selfing, seed selection has special pericarp color CMS restorers.

2nd, difference pericarp color CMS sterile lines and the Commercial cultivation of restorer

Second object of the present invention is that the seed selection of foregoing invention 1 has difference pericarp color sterile line and restorer in infertility Change the application in Mixed plant.To particularly press step 1 in the invention described above 1) seed selection has red (P-Bp-) or brown (P-bpbp) the CMS sterile lines and corresponding restorer of pericarp；Or with step 2) seed selection has red (P-Bp-) or a brown (P-bpbp) the CMS restorers and corresponding male-sterile seed of pericarp, by Parent 1：After the ratio of (4-6) is mixed, using essence Measure seeding machinery mixed seeding and produce field, the same Production of Large Fields of field management in seed；After maternal male-sterile seed is ripe, mechanical harvest； In seed process, according to fruit colour difference, select hand picking with reference to fringe, reject male parent restorer fruit ear, purification of seeds During classification, by seed color selector, the male parent seed mixed is further rejected, retains the hybridization of special pericarp color or white pericarp Seed, finally realizes that hybrid seed is safe efficient, intensive, mechanization production.

Further, the Commercial cultivation process of above-mentioned difference fruit colour CMS sterile lines and restorer specifically include with Lower step：

1) seed breeding base is prepared：

A) selection of land：Select flat, soil fertility is uniform, soil layer is deep, soil property is fertile, the row of filling is convenient to produce plot；

B) isolate：When seed production field is isolated using space, with other zasiokaurin source places at least at a distance of 300m；

2) preceding preparation is broadcast：

A) seed treatment：Quality reinspection is carried out before broadcasting to selected parental seed, and dressing seed is carried out to parental seed Or Cotton seeds, prevent and treat pest and disease damage；

B) fine site preparation, the rational application of fertilizer：The native ability in top according to parental seed, fine site preparation, uses sufficient base fertilizer before broadcasting, and applies fertilizer Base fertilizer is made using soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, or with the farm manure by fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed；

C) seeding technique scheme is worked out：According to made variety characteristic, strict technical scheme is worked out, Parent mixing is specified Ratio, date of seeding, planting patterns and density；

3) sow：

A) begin sowing in good time：Weather conditions according to production of hybrid seeds region are begun sowing in good time, Parent mixed proportion, date of seeding, plantation side Formula, density are performed in strict accordance with seeding technique scheme standard；

B) precision drilling：Air-aspiration type precision planter monoseeding is selected, depth of planting is 3~5cm；

C) powder collecting row is planted：Sow after 3~5d, both sides and upper public attention of florescence monsoon in seed-breeding field, then direct motion are broadcast Male parents more than two rows is used as powder collecting；

4) roguing：

A) male parent impurity elimination：The hybrid strain of male parent must be pulled out before loose powder；

B) maternal impurity elimination：Maternal hybrid strain must completely be pulled out before spinning；

5) artificial supplementary pollination：

To ensure that seed farm pollination is good, artificial supplementary pollination is according to circumstances carried out；

6) harvest：

A) corn ear mechanical harvest：According to seed moisture content, block size and Planting Row Distance and operation quality require choosing Select a good opportunity tool, harvest operation route is made before operation, while according to equipment feature, being ready work；

B) operation quality requirement：Grain loss rate≤2%, fruit ear loss late≤3%, seed damage rate≤1%, fruit ear contains Miscellaneous rate≤5%, non-walnut hulling rate≤15% of bract；

7) fringe choosing, drying, threshing：

A) fringe is selected：Corn ear is transported to processing factory from the place of production, using it is special connect, delivery device makes fruit ear by Belt Conveying Machine, which is uniformly delivered to, selects fringe system, and male parent fruit ear is manually rejected according to fruit ear fruit colour difference；

B) dry：Fruit ear after fringe choosing is sent to drying system by belt conveyor makes fruit ear water content, is down to less than 18%；

C) threshing：Fruit ear early threshing after drying, it is rear pre- clear, subsequently into temporary storing bin；

8) seed color sorting, packing：

A) it is selected：When purification of seeds is classified, air-screen separator is first delivered to by temporary storing bin, is then classified by grader, point Seed after level enters respective temporary storing bin, and temporary storing bin is followed by gravity type sqeed sorting machine；

B) color sorting：Seed after selected, by seed color selector, rejects the male parent seed mixed；

C) seed is dried：Cenospecies seed after color sorting, is delivered to seed warehouse for drying, make moisture content of kernels near 12.5~ 13.0% safety moisture content；

D) dispense：Seed after drying is dispensed by grain number.

Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Seed selection and its production profit that the corn difference pericarp color CMS tri- that the present invention is provided is With.First, using corn pericarp color character inheritance simply, the characteristics of no xenia, fruit colour is created between hybrid parents Difference, then, with reference to seed color sorting technology carry out sterilization Mixed plant, finally realize corn hybrid seed safety, Efficiently, intensive, mechanization production.

Specifically beneficial effects of the present invention are：Artificial emasculation process, reduction life are not only eliminated using the sterilization production of hybrid seeds Produce cost, ensure hybrid corn seed quality, and be conducive to corn seed enterprise self-determining to manage large-scale seed farm, carry out Intensive manufacture；Using Mixed plant technology, simply mixed receive of mixed seeding instead of traditional branch's plantation, receive respectively with Parent The complex process obtained, simplifies corn hybrid seed production model, suitable for mechanized operation, improves seed production efficiency, reduction life Produce cost；Purity of hybrid and seed quality can ensure that using seed color sorting technology；Realize corn hybrid seed seed safety, Efficiently, intensive, mechanization production.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the Commercial cultivation program of the brown skin A of brown pericarp CMS sterile lines GN501 in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the Commercial cultivation program of the red skin R of red peel CMS restorers GN501 in the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1：

1st, the brown skin A of brown (P-bpbp) pericarp CMS sterile lines GN501 seed selection and Commercial cultivation

1) using the excellent white of comprehensive agronomy character (pp--) pericarp CMS maintainers GN01B as recurrent parent, and with palm fibre The corn inbred line PB502 hybridization of color (P-bpbp) pericarp, the generation of selfing 2 after 4 generations of backcrossing, select brown (P-bpbp) pericarp guarantor It is the brown skin B of GN01 to hold；

2) using GN01 palm fibres skin B as samsara male parent, the homotype sterile line with colour prime white (pp--) pericarp maintainer GN01B GN01A carries out paired cross, and seed selection infertility character stabilization is thorough and has the CMS sterile lines of brown (P-bpbp) peel character GN01 palm fibre skins A.

3) white (pp--) pericarp CMS restorers GN01R and sterile line GN01 palm fibre skin A seeds are pressed into Parent 1：(4-6) Ratio mix after, field, the same Production of Large Fields of field management are produced in seed using the mechanical mixed seeding of precision drilling；Maternal sterile line kind After sub- maturation, mechanical harvest；In seed process, according to fruit colour difference, select hand picking with reference to fringe, reject yellow seed The male parent restorer fruit ear of grain (white pericarp), when purification of seeds is classified, by seed color selector, further rejects the father mixed This seed, retains the hybrid seed with orange seed (brown pericarp).

Embodiment 2：

2nd, the red skin R of red (P-bpbp) pericarp CMS restorers GN501 seed selection and Commercial cultivation

1) using the excellent white of comprehensive agronomy character (pp--) pericarp color CMS restorers GN501R as recurrent parent, with tool The corn inbred line 81162 for having red (P-Bp-) pericarp hybridizes, is returned the generation of selfing 4 after 4 generations, selects red (P-Bp-) pericarp The red skin R of restorer GN01；

2) by the red skin R of red (P-Bp-) pericarp restorer GN01 of seed selection and white (pp--) pericarp sterile line GN01A kinds Son presses Parent 1：After the ratio of (4-6) is mixed, field, the same crop field of field management are produced in seed using the mechanical mixed seeding of precision drilling Production；After maternal male-sterile seed is ripe, mechanical harvest；In seed process, according to fruit colour difference, chosen with reference to fringe Work is selected, rejects red seed (red peel) male parent restorer fruit ear, when purification of seeds is classified, by seed color selector, enters One step rejects the male parent seed mixed, retains the hybrid seed of (yellow seed) white pericarp.

The hybrid corn seed obtained using producing method for seed of the present invention, its seed purity reaches 99%, higher than national standard, And use sterilization Mixed plant, hence it is evident that labour is saved, seed production efficiency is higher, be more applicable for intensive, mechanization Hybrid corn seed is produced.

Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic. Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (7)

1. the selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- is, it is characterised in that be by hybridization, backcrossing and Special pericarp color character gene is directed respectively into CMS sterile lines or restorer by the mode of selfing, and pericarp is created between hybrid parents Color distortion；When hybrid seed is produced, after the sterile line of above-mentioned seed selection is mixed in proportion with corresponding restorer seed, with reference to kind Sub- color sorting carries out sterilization Mixed plant.

2. the selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- according to claim 1 is, its feature exists In, it is simple using corn pericarp color character inheritance, will by way of hybridization, backcrossing and selfing the characteristics of no xenia Red P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp pericarp colors channel genes white pp-- pericarps sterile line or restorer, between hybrid parents Create fruit colour difference.

3. the selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- according to claim 2 is, its feature exists In the red P-Bp- peel characters gene source is in self-mating system 81162, and brown P-bpbp peel characters gene source is in certainly Friendship is PB502.

4. the selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- according to claim 2 is, its feature exists In being as recurrent parent, and with red P-Bp- or brown by the excellent white pp-- pericarps maintainer of comprehensive agronomy character Corn germ plasm resource hybridization, backcrossing and the selfing of the special pericarps of P-bpbp, seed selection have special pericarp color maintainer；With what is selected Maintainer is samsara male parent, and paired cross is carried out with the homotype sterile line of colour prime white pp-- pericarp maintainers, and seed selection has red The special pericarp sterile lines of P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp.

5. the selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- according to claim 2 is, its feature exists In special with red P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp using the excellent white pp-- pericarps restorer of comprehensive agronomy character as recurrent parent There is the special pericarps of red P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp to recover for corn germ plasm resource hybridization, backcrossing and the selfing of different pericarp, seed selection System.

6. the selection seed selection for being according to any described difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- of claim 1-5 Obtained sterile line with the special pericarp colors of red P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp and restorer, it is characterised in that seed selection is obtained Special pericarp color sterile line and restorer and corresponding normal white pericarp restorer and sterile line between deposited on fruit colour In difference.

7. the selection seed selection that difference pericarp cytochrome matter male sterility CMS tri- according to claim 6 is is obtained The application of sterile line and restorer with the special pericarp colors of red P-Bp- or brown P-bpbp in sterilization Mixed plant, Characterized in that, the sterile line and restorer seed with difference pericarp color character that the seed selection is obtained, according to (4-6)~1 Ratio mix after, using precision planter mixed seeding in seed produce field；After seed maturity, received through machinery is mixed, it is drying, de- Grain, clean after, reject the male parent seed that mixes using seed color sorting machinery, retain hybrid seed.