CN107155777B - Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method - Google Patents

Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107155777B
CN107155777B CN201710446510.5A CN201710446510A CN107155777B CN 107155777 B CN107155777 B CN 107155777B CN 201710446510 A CN201710446510 A CN 201710446510A CN 107155777 B CN107155777 B CN 107155777B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
irrigation
months
per
oleaster
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710446510.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107155777A (en
Inventor
王以兵
丁林
金彦兆
李斌
雒天峰
孟彤彤
邓建伟
潘存斌
刘尚清
王亚竹
梁川
吴婕
王文娟
梁仲锷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GANSU RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR WATER CONSERVANCY
Original Assignee
GANSU RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR WATER CONSERVANCY
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GANSU RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR WATER CONSERVANCY filed Critical GANSU RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR WATER CONSERVANCY
Priority to CN201710446510.5A priority Critical patent/CN107155777B/en
Publication of CN107155777A publication Critical patent/CN107155777A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107155777B publication Critical patent/CN107155777B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

Abstract

The invention discloses a technical method for biological enclosure cultivation of an elaeagnus angustifolia forest, and relates to the technical field of biological enclosure cultivation. The first step, the seedling raising method has two methods of cutting seedling raising and seeding seedling raising, the second step is a biological enclosure afforestation technology, enclosure afforestation is carried out in spring, the third step is a water and fertilizer management technology, the fourth step is a narrow-leaved oleaster forest pest control, and the fifth step is a narrow-leaved oleaster tree enclosure pruning technology. The application of the project research results enables the development mode of oasis forestry to be more scientific, the efficient water using mode to be more scientific, the water resource bearing capacity to be further improved, and the regional ecological environment to be greatly improved.

Description

Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a technical method for biological enclosure cultivation of an elaeagnus angustifolia forest, belonging to the technical field of biological enclosure cultivation.
Background art:
water resources have become a major bottleneck restricting the development of economic society in northern water-deficient areas of China. The related water resource optimization configuration and comprehensive development and utilization are one of the priority subjects and key fields of the national medium-long term science and technology development planning outline. The sand prevention forestation technology and the environmental protection problem developed by the research of the project are common technical problems in the economic and social development of northern water-deficient areas in China in future and are also key technologies urgently needed for the environmental management of the sheep river basin. The achievement not only provides a support basis for promoting irrigation technology, reasonable configuration, optimized scheduling and forest water-saving technology application of the mutton sheep ecological forest, but also has important significance for promoting water resource sustainable utilization, ecological protection and economic and social sustainable development of arid regions.
The method saves the civil service oasis, maintains the stability of the oasis, and goes out of the way to increase the water for the ecological environment through the reasonable allocation of water resources. Not only is the natural oasis required to be repaired necessarily to restore the ecological function, but also the artificial irrigation oasis is required to be structurally optimized to enhance the ecological function and improve the ecological environment and economic benefit of water. The oleaster forest has become the main ecological tree species of the civil green continents due to the characteristics of strong vitality, drought resistance, sand resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance and the like. The ecological enclosing wall takes plants as a main wall building body, not only retains the original functions, but also plays the new functions of beautifying the environment and improving the ecological system, and leads the environmental benefit, the social benefit and the economic benefit to be harmoniously developed. Therefore, the method combines the characteristics of the oleaster forest and the advantages of the ecological enclosure wall to research the biological enclosure wall cultivation technology of the oleaster forest, establishes a water-saving ecological type oleaster forest biological enclosure wall irrigation system, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the vigorous development of the biological enclosure wall with low investment, less water consumption and high benefit in the arid wind-sand area.
With the rapid increase of population and the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, road pollution becomes a big public nuisance in modern urban environment. How to prevent and treat such serious pollution is to adopt some measures, such as lead-free gasoline, installation of a purification device and the like, to establish ecological enclosing walls on two sides of a road central separation zone to form a green barrier, and comprehensively prevent and treat the road pollution by utilizing the functions of plant dust absorption, sterilization, toxic gas absorption, noise reduction, air humidity improvement, air temperature reduction and the like, thereby improving the living environment of citizens.
Therefore, the concept of "ecological enclosure" is also proposed, and the construction thereof also raises the agenda. In a city, there are enclosing walls in a cell, enclosing walls in a factory building, enclosing walls in a school and the like, but the functions of the enclosing walls are still in the low level of marking the enclosing areas and guarding, and the potential functions, particularly the ecological functions, of the enclosing walls are far from being developed. The ecological enclosing wall is a good method which takes plants as a main body of the wall building, not only retains the original functions of the enclosing wall, but also plays the new functions of beautifying the urban environment and improving the urban ecology, and has remarkable benefits and low cost. At present, researchers have already developed researches on urban ecological enclosing walls, but researches on cultivation techniques and irrigation techniques of the urban ecological enclosing walls in arid and windy areas are less.
The green plants are closely related to human life, people can build a wall by utilizing the green plants in the nature for a long time, the growing wall can absorb heat in summer and can preserve heat in winter, if the variety of the plants is properly selected, the wall can be evergreen in four seasons and is full of life, and the wall is an ideal wall for greening and beautifying the environment. The fence has the main functions of defining a boundary line with other units, preventing people from entering or being influenced by the outside and playing a role in safety protection from the psychological aspect. Most of enclosing walls in China are made of bricks, people feel silly and silty, the enclosing walls occupy a large area, need a large amount of building materials, have poor effect of closing and transforming, and have better effect if green plants are used for replacing brick walls. At present, green plants such as vines are planted in most countries in the world to replace brick walls. The vine is used as a wall, so that the environment can be improved, and the shortage of ground greening can be overcome. The green fence can also be used for planting evergreen trees, the impurities of the fencing fence are formed by the edge-climbing flower-like pots, and a wire netting can be arranged on the wall to serve as a barrier if necessary, so that labor and materials are saved, and the environment is improved.
To achieve the effect of the ecological enclosure wall in the true sense, the following points should be achieved: (1) in order to ensure that the exposed soil stones are basically invisible within 1 year, the planting density needs to be increased. (2) When flowers and trees are planted, enough base fertilizer is applied, and watering is paid attention. (3) In the area with poor soil fertility, the alien soil should be replaced. (4) And (3) applying fertilizers mainly containing nitrogen and phosphorus within 3 months after planting, and spraying foliar fertilizers regularly. (5) The seedlings are fixed by a tripod. (6) The planting time is preferably in the late winter and early spring. (7) To ensure the seedlings are supplied in place, they should be cultivated or purchased in advance.
In summary, the construction of the "ecological enclosure wall" is a continuous and arduous task, and the construction thereof will have immeasurable effects on the aspects of the image, the civilization, the ecology and the like of a city. The ecological enclosing wall has very obvious environmental benefit and social and economic benefit, can continuously output without continuous investment after being built, and meets the requirement of sustainable development.
The environmental benefit is the final aim of the ecological enclosing wall, namely, the road pollution is reduced, and the urban air pollution and the noise pollution are reduced. Monitoring results show that the ecological enclosing wall has very obvious effects of reducing road pollution, balancing road ecological environment and improving urban air quality, and particularly has more obvious effects of reducing bacteria content and air dust content in air, absorbing sulfur dioxide, reducing traffic noise and the like.
The ' hedgerow ' is used for replacing a reinforced cement enclosing wall, so that a large amount of resource energy can be saved, the equivalent greening area can be increased, the land hardening is prevented, the ' energy saving and green increasing ' is completely in line with the concept of realizing scientific development and developing low-carbon economy at present, and the ' green fence ' is good for the earth ' and is made from resource saving. The green plants have the advantages of attractive appearance, theft prevention, easy cleaning and the like, can also prevent dust, insulate sound and purify air, and are worthy of popularization.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a technical method for biological enclosure cultivation of an oleaster forest. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out germination accelerating treatment before sowing in spring, cleaning seeds in 1 month from 12 months to the next year, uniformly mixing the seeds with an equal amount of fine sand, uniformly spraying the seeds into a storage ditch with the depth of 80-100cm and the width of 100cm, irrigating with sufficient water for 10-20cm, covering the seeds with sand for 20cm after water infiltration or icing, soaking the seeds which are not subjected to germination accelerating for 2-3 days with warm water at 50 ℃, cleaning and fishing out, spreading the seeds out outdoors to the sun, covering a jute bag or a plastic film for moisture-preserving and accelerating germination, or adopting a horse dung germination accelerating method, sowing when a part of the seeds are exposed to white tips, sowing at the beginning of 4-5 months, and sowing in the lower ten days of 5 months, wherein the sowing amount is 30-50kg/667m2Adopting drill seeding, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the strip width is 30-40cm, the seeding depth is 3-5cm, covering soil after seeding, the thickness is 3cm, thinning the seedlings in the first ten days of 6 months, the seedling spacing is 5cm, and using 45-60 ten thousand plants/667 m2Preferably, the seedlings in the current year are as high as 30cm, and the root diameter is more than 0.4cm, so that the seedlings can be outplanted and forested;
cutting seedling, wherein hard branch cutting is suitable in winter, the length of the cutting is 15-25cm, tender branch cutting is suitable in summer, the cutting is provided with leaves, the length of the cutting is 25-50cm, the row spacing of the cutting plants is 10cm multiplied by 30cm, the rooting rate is higher than 80 percent and can reach 96 percent, the quality of the seedlings is that of the hard branch cutting in winter and spring, and the height of the seedlings in the current year of cutting can reach 1.5 m;
step two, a biological enclosure afforestation technology is adopted, enclosure afforestation is carried out in spring, an afforestation land requires sandy soil or loam with fertile soil, loose texture and good drainage, sufficient illumination is required, irrigation conditions are required, soil is deeply turned over in the soil preparation process, weeds are removed, organic fertilizer is applied, nursery stocks used for constructing biological enclosures are required to be clonal first-stage seedlings with excellent operation characteristics, the initial value density is 4 rows, the row spacing is 0.2m multiplied by 0.2m, 2 plants are transplanted in each hole for ensuring survival, in the planting process, the most suitable planting density is selected through comparison analysis of the afforestation effect of different densities through experiments, density adjustment is carried out by adopting a thin-supplement dense-sparse method, only one seedling with robust growth is reserved in each hole, the center of the seedling hole is required to be planted, the root system is spread when the seedling is transplanted, and the seedling is fully contacted with the soil;
step three, water and fertilizer management technology, namely, irrigating for the 1 st time when the oleaster seedlings are basically flush, and combining the irrigation and the broadcast application of 5kg/667m of urea2The spreading is avoided after rain or when dew exists, the seedlings are prevented from being burnt, watering is carried out for 5-7 times all the year around according to the climate and soil moisture content, and water-saving irrigation systems for the ecological enclosing walls of the oleaster trees with different growth periods under the conditions of drip irrigation under the mulch and furrow irrigation are respectively provided through researches on soil moisture change rules, water consumption rules and the like of the oleaster trees with different growth periods;
fertilizer management, namely 2-3 times of urea is applied by combining irrigation before 8 months, 10kg/667m of diammonium is applied by combining intertillage weeding after 2 nd irrigation with lower soil fertility2The oleaster has strong drought resistance, so the requirement of controlling water in autumn is relatively loose, the water and fertilizer in autumn are avoided, simultaneously, enough winter water and good spring water are irrigated, the oleaster is a sciatic tree species, weeding is carried out in time in the seedling period, intertillage weeding is carried out by combining each irrigation before the seedling sealing ridge, and the intertillage weeding frequency can be reduced after the seedling sealing ridge;
step four, disease and pest control of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest, wherein the elaeagnus angustifolia overwintering in a deciduous layer and curled dead leaves, the overwintering adults in the late 3 th ten days to the middle 4 months move and eat, the overwintering adults in the late 4 months copulate and lay eggs, the early 5 th month is a full incubation period, the full pupation period of humanization is advanced in the late 5 th month, and the emergence is a new generation of adults from the late 5 th ten days to the early 6 th months, and according to the principle of 'prevention being dominant, the method comprehensively treats' a guideline and protects the ecological environment, takes biological agents and bionic pesticide as leading, coordinates and applies artificial, physical and chemical prevention measures, reduces population density and practically controls spreading damage of the insects;
step five, adopting a russianolive tree enclosing wall pruning technology, and planning pruning: the height of the enclosing wall of the oleaster forest is set to be more than 1.6 meters, measures are taken to promote growth in a region with weak growth, the same side is relatively kept consistent, the tree body size is as regular as possible, and the influence on aesthetic effect and the inconvenience in management caused by different heights, different sizes and thicknesses are avoided;
the pruning measure is adopted as a shaping pruning method, the shaping pruning is required to be carried out regularly to keep the shape and appearance, in order to ensure the growth and development of the lateral branches of the base of the oleaster forest, the section of the oleaster forest is pruned into a trapezoid, and the technical requirement of the initial pruning is as follows: when the oleaster grows to 1 m high, the oleaster starts to be trimmed, and is trimmed into a prototype according to the design type, and the trimming time is as follows: after secondary pruning, the pruned branches and leaves are removed, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, next pruning is carried out when new branches and leaves are long until building and forming are carried out, and the operation method of pruning comprises the following steps: the manual operation of the large scissors is adopted, the cutting edge is required to be sharp, the shearing is not leaked, the shearing is less and the shearing is heavy, the protruding part with the large length is more sheared, the sunken part with the small length is less sheared, the oleaster forest is sheared according to the shape, the shearing is less at the top, and the shearing is more at the periphery. Shaping and trimming: and when the oleaster forest grows to meet the design requirement and is shaped, trimming the new branches and leaves every time, and keeping the shape of the design specification.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. economic benefits, the project is based on civil service wind-sand area environmental protection and ecological restoration, and the application of the achievement plays an important role in realizing the ecological goal of comprehensive treatment of the sheep river basin, developing modern ecological shelters and improving the capability of the regional economic and social development and guarantee. The biological enclosing wall is used for replacing a reinforced cement enclosing wall, so that a large amount of resource and energy can be saved, the equivalent greening area can be increased, the land hardening is prevented, the energy is saved, the green is increased, and the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation are completely met.
2. Social benefits, the research and application of the project can establish a template of the biological enclosure cultivation and irrigation technology in the windy and sandy area, and has important demonstration effect on the development of modern water conservancy and ecological agriculture in China. Can provide effective technical support and guarantee conditions for exploring and establishing water-saving and high-efficiency oasis in inland arid regions in the river west. A novel ecological-economic mode is established for the ecological fragile area, so that ecological guarantee is provided, and technical conditions are created for industrial development of arid areas.
3. And (4) environmental benefits. The application of the project research results can enable the development mode of oasis forestry to be more scientific, the efficient water using mode to be more scientific, the water resource bearing capacity is further improved, the regional ecological environment is greatly improved, and the rapid, healthy and stable development of vegetation recovery can be powerfully promoted, so that the comprehensive treatment and management of inland river basins are rationalized, economical and scientific.
Description of the drawings:
for ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the plant height growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the plant height growth rate of an oleaster forest biological enclosure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the growth rate of oleaster forest biological enclosure stems in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the water content of the annual russianolive tree by drip irrigation in the enclosing wall of the annual russianolive tree in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of water storage capacity of the annual oleaster forest biological enclosure soil drip irrigation in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the water consumption rule of the annual oleaster forest biological enclosure by drip irrigation in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the water content of the wall drip irrigation of the biennial oleaster trees in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of water storage capacity of the biennial oleaster forest biological enclosure soil drip irrigation in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the water consumption rule of the biological enclosure drip irrigation of the biennial oleaster forest in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the water content of the three-year old Elaeagnus angustifolia enclosing wall by drip irrigation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the variation of water storage capacity of the three-year old Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosure soil drip irrigation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the drip irrigation water consumption law of the biological enclosure of the three-year old Elaeagnus angustifolia forest in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the water content of the annual Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation soil in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a water consumption rule chart of annual Russian forest biological wall furrow irrigation in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the water content of the biennial oleaster tree in the trench by the enclosing wall irrigation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the water consumption of the biennial oleaster forest by biological wall furrow irrigation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the water content of the three-year old Elaeagnus angustifolia trees in the trench by the enclosing wall irrigation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a water consumption law diagram for three-year-old narrow-leaved oleaster forest biological wall furrow irrigation in the embodiment of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the specific implementation mode is further explained by adopting the following technical scheme that the technical method for the biological enclosure cultivation of the narrow-leaved oleaster forest comprises the following steps: the seedling raising method comprises two methods of cutting seedling raising and sowing seedling raising, wherein the sowing seedling raising method is used for accelerating germination before sowing in spring, seeds are cleaned from 12 months to 1 month in the next year, the seeds are uniformly mixed with equivalent fine sand, are uniformly drenched and placed in a storage ditch with the depth of 80-100cm and the width of 100cm, are irrigated with enough water with the depth of 10-20cm, and are covered with sand with 20cm after water seeps or is frozen, the seeds without accelerating germination are soaked in warm water with the temperature of 50 ℃ for 2-3 days before sowing, are cleaned and fished out, are spread out outdoors and are covered with hemp bags or plastic films for moisturizing and accelerating germination, or a horse dung accelerating germination method is adopted, when part of the seeds are exposed to white tips, sowing can be performed when the early sowing period is 4-5 months, seedling emergence is performed in the lower ten days in 5 months, and the sowing amount is 30-50kg/667m2Adopting drill seeding, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the strip width is 30-40cm, the seeding depth is 3-5cm, covering soil after seeding, the thickness is 3cm, thinning the seedlings in the first ten days of 6 months, the seedling spacing is 5cm, and using 45-60 ten thousand plants/667 m2Preferably, the seedlings in the current year are as high as 30cm, and the root diameter is more than 0.4cm, so that the seedlings can be outplanted and forested;
cutting seedling, wherein hard branch cutting is suitable in winter, the length of the cutting is 15-25cm, tender branch cutting is suitable in summer, the cutting is provided with leaves, the length of the cutting is 25-50cm, the row spacing of the cutting plants is 10cm multiplied by 30cm, the rooting rate is higher than 80 percent and can reach 96 percent, the quality of the seedlings is that of the hard branch cutting in winter and spring, and the height of the seedlings in the current year of cutting can reach 1.5 m; step two, biological enclosure afforestation technology, enclosure afforestation is carried out in spring, sandy loam or loam with fertile soil, loose texture and good drainage is required for an afforestation land, sufficient illumination is required, irrigation conditions are required, in the process of soil preparation, soil is deeply ploughed, weeds are removed, organic fertilizer is applied additionally, seedlings used for constructing biological enclosing walls are required to be clone-class first-class seedlings with excellent operating characteristics, the initial value density is 4 rows, the row spacing of the seedlings is 0.2m multiplied by 0.2m, 2 seedlings are transplanted in each hole for ensuring survival, in the planting process, the effect of afforestation with different densities needs to be compared and analyzed through experiments, the most suitable planting density is selected, and density adjustment is carried out by adopting a sparse-supplement dense-sparse method, only one seedling growing robustly is reserved in each hole, the center of a seedling planting hole is required during transplanting, the root system is spread and fully contacted with soil, and the method for researching the biological enclosure cultivation density of the oleaster forest comprises the following steps: 1, experimental design, in order to facilitate comparative analysis of afforestation effects with different densities, two cultivation modes of 2 rows (T1) and 4 rows (T2) are arranged, namely, the plant spacing is 0.2m, the row spacing is 0.4m, the plant spacing is 0.2m, the row spacing is 0.2m, annual oleaster seedlings in a nursery are adopted, the average height is 40cm, and the afforestation time is 4 months in 2010;
2, a test method, measuring the plant height and stem thickness of the oleaster forest once every 1 month in the growth period of the oleaster forest, measuring 10 fixed plants in each treatment, observing and recording meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall, evaporation, wind speed and the like in the growth period of the oleaster forest, dividing the plants into 6 layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm and 100-plus-material-120 cm in total every 15 days before transplanting and in the whole growth period, measuring the water content of soil by using an earth drilling soil-taking drying method, and measuring the plant height and stem thickness before and after irrigation and before and after rainfall;
3, test result analysis and plant height growth investigation and analysis, wherein after 2 years of growth, the oleaster stand is 1.3-1.7m in height, 1.46m in average height, the single plant with the maximum growth amount can reach 2.04m in height, the crown width is 200-140cm, and variance analysis is carried out on the oleaster high growth due to different densities, so that the results show that no obvious difference exists between 2 densities and the block, the density in the test range has no obvious difference effect on the oleaster high growth, the different densities have obvious difference on the crown width in spatial extension degree, the density is larger, the crown width is smaller, the density is smaller, the crown width is larger, the different afforestation densities have extremely positive effect on the extension of the crown width, and the plant height growth condition of the oleaster stand is shown in figure 1; the plant height growth rates of the oleaster forests with different densities are shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the overall growth rate of the treatment with low density is greater than that of the treatment with high density, wherein 6-8 months is the most vigorous growth stage of the oleaster forests, and the maximum growth rate can reach 0.46 cm/d.
The stem thickness growth analysis and the test show that the growth amount difference exists among densities, generally, the growth amount with small density is larger than that with large density, the trend is mainly caused by the difference caused by the nutrition area required by the Calligonum mongolicum, when the nutrition space and the area are too small, the first competition among plant individuals is the most sensitive water problem in a drought area, because the growth of adjacent individuals is inhibited to a greater extent due to too large density, the number of components on the individual and the growth condition are less and worse, and the average yield of the single plant is reduced. When the density is proper, the competition situation of sand water can be reduced, and a stable ecological environment is established, so that the long-term ecological benefit can be obtained when the density is 0.2 multiplied by 0.2, the fragile ecological condition is promoted to be improved, and the rough growth condition of the oleaster stems is shown in figure 3. Through comparative analysis of the afforestation effects of different densities, 4 rows with the row spacing of 20cm and the plant spacing of 20cm are suggested to be adopted when the russianolive tree ecological enclosing wall is built;
step three, water and fertilizer management technology, namely, irrigating for the 1 st time when the oleaster seedlings are basically flush, and combining the irrigation and the broadcast application of 5kg/667m of urea2The sowing is avoided after rain or when dew exists, so as to prevent burning seedlings, the watering is determined according to the climate and soil moisture content, the water is irrigated for 5-7 times all the year round, through researching soil moisture change rules, water consumption rules and the like of the different growth periods of the oleaster trees, water-saving irrigation systems of the ecological enclosing walls of the oleaster trees with different growth periods under the conditions of drip irrigation under the film and furrow irrigation are respectively provided, and the specific research method of the low-pressure drip irrigation system of the biological enclosing wall is as follows: b1, experimental design, for facilitating the growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia forest under different drip irrigation rationComparing and analyzing conditions and water consumption rules, designing 3 treatments in the experiment, and respectively setting drip irrigation quota to 25m3Per mu, 30m3Per mu, 35m3The method is characterized in that the planting distance of each Russian olive forest is 0.2m, the row spacing is 0.2m, annual Russian olive seedlings in a nursery are adopted, the average height is 40cm, and the afforestation time is 4 months in 2010;
b2, a test method, namely observing and recording meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and the like in the bearing period of the oleaster forest, dividing the oleaster forest into 6 layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm and 100-plus-material 120cm before transplanting and in the whole bearing period every 15 days, measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil drilling and soil taking drying method, and performing measurement before and after irrigation and before and after rainfall;
b3, test result analysis, determination of an annual oleaster forest enclosure drip irrigation system, and as can be seen from a graph 4 showing that the annual oleaster forest biological enclosure soil water content change shows a plurality of large peak values and valley values of the water content, the change is caused by irrigation, the reason that the water content in the transplanting period is high is that planting water is poured before transplanting, squat seedling water is poured after transplanting, and the water content change has a water content peak along with each irrigation, and then drops sharply. The watering duration is different due to different duration of the growing period, the frequent period of the watering times appears from the middle of 5 to the middle of 7 months, mainly because the oleaster forest is in the vigorous growing period in the period, the transpiration and evaporation are large, and simultaneously, the air temperature is high, the evaporation between plants is also large, so the water demand is large in the seedling stage and the late stage of growing. Similarly, the difference between the water contents of each treatment is caused by the difference of the irrigation quota.
As can be seen from the change of the water content of the annual Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall soil in figure 4, the water content has a plurality of large peak values and valley values, and the change is caused by water irrigation. The reason that the water content is higher in the transplanting period is that the planting water is poured before transplanting, the squatting seedling water is poured after transplanting, and the water content changes along with the water content peak of each time of watering and then drops sharply. The watering duration is different due to different duration of the growing period, the frequent period of the watering times appears from the middle of 5 to the middle of 7 months, mainly because the oleaster forest is in the vigorous growing period in the period, the transpiration and evaporation are large, and simultaneously, the air temperature is high, the evaporation between plants is also large, so the water demand is large in the seedling stage and the late stage of growing. Similarly, the difference between the water contents of each treatment is caused by the difference of the irrigation quota.
The water storage capacity of the biological enclosing wall soil of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest changes, the water storage capacity of the soil changes to reflect the situation of the balance of the supply and demand of the soil, the influence of the dynamic change of the water storage capacity of the soil layers in different growth stages of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest is analyzed in the graph 5, the dynamic change of the water storage capacity of different soil layers is found to be very similar, but the change range of the water storage capacity of the soil gradually decreases along with the increase of the depth of the soil. The water storage capacity is consistent with the water demand in each growth period, and the water filling amount is larger in the water demand peak period and the water storage capacity is correspondingly larger.
The characteristics of the variation of the water consumption intensity of the biological enclosure of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown in fig. 6, different growth stages in the growth period of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown, and 7-8 months are the periods with larger population structure, the most vigorous plant growth, the largest leaf area and the largest evaporation and transpiration, so that the maximum water consumption intensity in the period is determined, but the low-quota irrigation quota treatment is selected for the enclosure of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest due to the low coverage of the enclosure of the annual elaeagnus angustifolia forest, the larger evaporation among plants and the larger irrigation quota only increasing the invalid water consumption.
An annual oleaster forest biological enclosure irrigation system is characterized in that the water content of annual oleaster forest biological enclosure soil is continuously and dynamically measured, water is filled according to the set water content lower limit, the water is filled for 7 times from 4 months to 10 months in total, the water filling rate is different in each growth stage due to different water requirements, and the irrigation rate is 225m in the 1 st year (2010) after transplanting3Per mu. The recommended irrigation system comprises irrigating for 7 times in a growth cycle, wherein the water for planting before 4 months of transplantation and the water for squatting seedling are 1 time respectively, and the irrigation quota is 60m3Mu, 40m3Per mu; 5 months and 1 time, and the water irrigation quota is 25m3Irrigating for 2 times per mu in 6 months and with the irrigation rate of 25m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 25m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 25m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 225m3Per mu.
The determination of the drip irrigation system of the biennial oleaster forest enclosure wall, the water content change of the oleaster forest biological enclosure wall soil figure 7 shows that the water content has a plurality of large peak values and valley values, and the change is caused by irrigation. The water content change has a water content peak with each water irrigation, and then drops sharply. The duration of irrigation is different due to different growth stages, the irrigation duration is different, the frequent period of irrigation times appears from the middle of 5 to the middle of 7 months, and mainly because the oleaster forest is in the vigorous growth period in the period, the transpiration evaporation is large, so the water demand is larger than that in the seedling stage and the final growth stage;
the change of the water storage capacity of the soil reflects the situation of the balance of the supply and demand of the soil, the influence of the dynamic change of the water storage capacity in soil layers in different growth stages of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest is analyzed in the graph 8, the influence of water filling on the water storage capacity of the soil layers with the length of 0-20cm is the largest, the influence on the water storage capacity of the soil layers with the length of less than 100cm is not large, the dynamic change of the water storage capacity of different soil layers is very similar through observation, the change range of the water storage capacity of the soil is gradually reduced along with the increase of the depth of the soil, and. As can be seen from figure 9, different growth stages in the growth period of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest are the periods with the largest population structure, the most vigorous plant growth, the largest leaf area and the largest evaporation and transpiration within 7-8 months, so that the water consumption intensity in the period is determined to be the largest, and because of different water irrigation quota, the low-quota treatment is lower than other treatments in the plant height and the crown width in the second year, and the moderate water irrigation quota is preferably selected for the biological enclosure wall of the biennial elaeagnus angustifolia forest in consideration of ecological water-saving factors.
The biological enclosure irrigation system of the biennial oleaster forest is determined by continuously and dynamically measuring the water content of the biological enclosure soil of the oleaster forest, irrigating for 7 times from 4 months to 10 months according to the set water content lower limit, and because the water demand of each growth stage is different, the irrigation quota of each time is also different, and the irrigation quota of 2 years (2011 years) after transplantation is 210m3The recommended irrigation system is that water is irrigated 7 times, 5 months and 1 time respectively in one growth cycle, and the irrigation rate is 30m32 times per mu in 6 months and 30m of water irrigation quota3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 9 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Per mu. Total irrigation rating 210m3Per mu.
The determination of the drip irrigation system of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest enclosure wall is characterized by the change of the water content of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosure wall soil, and the change of the water content is stable as can be seen from a graph 10 of the change of the water content of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosure wall soil, and the change is caused by water irrigation. The water content is improved after each irrigation, the water content is rapidly reduced after the irrigation, the irrigation duration is different due to different duration of the growth stage, the irrigation frequency is more frequent in the middle ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, the transpiration and evaporation are larger mainly due to the fact that the oleaster forest is in a vigorous growth stage in the period, and meanwhile, the water demand is larger than in the seedling stage and the late growth stage due to the fact that the air temperature is higher and the evaporation among plants is larger.
The change of the water storage capacity of the soil reflects the situation of the balance of the supply and demand of the soil, the influence of the dynamic change of the water storage capacity in soil layers in different growth stages of the three-year elaeagnus angustifolia forest is analyzed in the graph 11, the influence of irrigation on the water storage capacity of the soil layers with the length of 0-20cm is the largest, the influence on the water storage capacity of the soil layers with the length of less than 100cm is small, the dynamic change of the water storage capacity of different soil layers is very similar through observation, but the change range of the water storage capacity of the soil is gradually reduced along with the increase of the depth of the soil, the irrigation quota of the three-year elaeagnus angustifolia forest is correspondingly adjusted due to.
The water consumption intensity change characteristics of the biological enclosure of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown in figure 12, different growth stages in the growth period of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown, the period of 7-8 months is the period with the largest population structure, the largest plant growth, the largest leaf area and the largest evaporation and transpiration, so that the maximum water consumption intensity in the period is determined, and due to different water irrigation quota, low-quota treatment is carried out on the plant height and the crown width which are lower than other treatment in the second year, and considering the biological enclosure which needs to be trimmed and formed after three years, and ecological water-saving factors, the biological enclosure of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest in the three-year and later irrigation should be selected to have a larger water irrigation quota.
According to the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosure wall irrigation system, the water content of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosure wall soil is continuously and dynamically measured, water is irrigated according to the set water content lower limit, the water is irrigated for 7 times from 4 months to 10 months, the water requirement in each growth stage is different, the irrigation quota of each irrigation is also different, and the irrigation quota of the 3 rd year (2012) after transplanting is 245m3Recommended for/muThe irrigation system comprises irrigating for 7 times (5 months and 1 time) in a growth cycle, and the irrigation rate is 35m32 times per mu in 6 months and the water irrigation quota of 35m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 9 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Per mu. Total irrigation quota 245m3Per mu.
The method for researching the biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation system comprises the following steps: c1, experimental design, in order to compare and analyze the growth condition and water consumption rule of the oleaster forest under different furrow irrigation quota, 3 treatments are designed in the experiment, and the drip irrigation quota is 40m350 m/mu360 m/mu3The planting mode of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest is that the plant spacing is 0.2m, the row spacing is 0.2m, annual elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings in a nursery are adopted, the average height is 40cm, and the afforestation time is 4 months in 2010;
c2, test method, observing and recording meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and the like in the growth period of the oleaster forest. Before transplanting and in the whole growth period, the soil is divided into 6 layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm and 100-sand-doped 120cm at intervals of 15 days, the water content of the soil is measured by a soil drilling and soil drying method, and the water is added before and after irrigation and before and after rainfall.
C3, test result analysis, annual oleaster forest enclosure furrow irrigation system, annual oleaster forest biological enclosure soil moisture content change characteristics, figure 13 oleaster tree enclosure furrow irrigation moisture content change conditions, as can be seen from figure 13, the moisture content change is consistent in each treatment, and the change is caused by irrigation. The water content is improved after each irrigation, the water content is rapidly reduced after the irrigation, the irrigation duration is different due to different duration of the growth stage, the irrigation frequency is more frequent in the middle ten days of 6 months to the end 7 months, the transpiration and evaporation are larger mainly due to the fact that the oleaster forest is in a vigorous growth stage in the period, and meanwhile, the water demand is larger than in the seedling stage and the late growth stage due to the fact that the air temperature is higher and the inter-plant evaporation is larger.
The characteristics of the variation of the water consumption intensity of the biological enclosure of the annual oleaster forest are shown in figure 14, different growth stages in the growth period of the oleaster forest are different, 6-8 months are the periods with the largest population structure, the most vigorous plant growth, the largest leaf area and the largest evaporation and transpiration, so that the water consumption intensity in the period is determined to be the largest, the growth is slower because the first year is in the growth period after survival, the plant height and the crown width of each treatment are not different greatly in the first year, and the smaller irrigation quota is preferably selected in the annual enclosure furrow irrigation considering the ecological water-saving factor of the biological enclosure, so that the water utilization efficiency can be improved, and the inter-plant evaporation can be reduced.
An annual Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation system is characterized in that the water content of soil under the Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation condition is continuously and dynamically measured, irrigation is carried out according to a set irrigation quota, from 4 months to 10 months, the total irrigation time is 6 times, the irrigation times of each growth stage are different due to different water requirements of each growth stage, and the irrigation quota of the 1 st year (2010 year) after transplantation is 260m3The recommended irrigation system is that the water is irrigated for 6 times in one growth cycle, the planting water and the squatting water are irrigated for 1 time respectively before 4-month transplantation, and the irrigation quota is 60m3Mu, 40m3Water is irrigated for a fixed amount of 40m for 1 time per mu in 5 months3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 6 months for a quota of 40m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 40m3Irrigating for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the irrigation rate of 40m3Per mu. Total irrigation rating of 260m3Per mu.
The change of the water content of the biological enclosure soil of the biennial oleaster forest is characterized in that the change of the water content of the soil under the furrow irrigation condition of the biennial oleaster forest is shown in a figure 15, the change of the water content is consistent in each treatment performance, and the change is caused by irrigation. The water consumption is high in the idle period, the water content of the oleaster forest is low before germination in the next year, the water content is improved after each watering, the water is rapidly reduced after the watering, the watering duration is different due to different duration of growth stages, the watering frequency is more frequent, the water content is rapidly reduced from the middle ten days of 6 months to the later ten days of 7 months, the water content is reduced by 10.14 percent at most in 15 days, mainly because the oleaster forest is in the vigorous growth period in the period, the transpiration and evaporation are large, meanwhile, the air temperature is high, the inter-plant evaporation is also large, the water content is rapidly reduced after the watering, and the water content is reduced after the watering is 25 days of 7 months.
The change characteristics of the water consumption intensity of the biological enclosure of the biennial elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown in fig. 16, different growth stages in the growth period of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown in 6-8 months, the period of the maximum population structure, the maximum plant growth, the maximum leaf area, the maximum evaporation and transpiration is defined, so that the water consumption intensity in the period is determined to be the maximum, the growth is quicker due to the fact that the plant height and the crown width of the plant grow in the second year are different obviously in the second year, the growth condition of the enclosure subjected to low-rate irrigation treatment is obviously inferior to that of other treatments, factors such as ecological water saving and water requirement laws of the biological enclosure are considered, and the medium-rate irrigation is preferably selected in the irrigation of the biennial furrow, so that the water utilization efficiency can be improved, and the inter-plant evaporation can be reduced.
A biological enclosure furrow irrigation system for a biennial elaeagnus angustifolia forest comprises continuously and dynamically measuring the water content of soil under the biological enclosure furrow irrigation condition of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest, irrigating according to a set irrigation quota, and irrigating for 5 times from 4 months to 10 months in total, wherein the irrigation frequency of each growth stage is different due to different water requirements of each growth stage, and the irrigation quota of 250m in the 2 nd year (2011) after transplantation is3The recommended irrigation system is that water is irrigated for 5 times in one growth cycle, 5 months and 1 time respectively, and the irrigation rate is 50m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 6 months for a quota of 40m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Irrigating for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the irrigation rate of 40m3Per mu. Total irrigation rating 230m3Per mu.
The change of the water content of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall soil is characterized by change of the water content of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall soil, and as can be seen from a graph 17 of the change of the water content of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall soil under furrow irrigation conditions, the change of the water content is consistent in. The water consumption is high in the idle period, the water content of the oleaster forest is low before germination in the next year, the water content is improved after each watering, the water is rapidly reduced after the watering, the watering duration is different due to different duration of growth stages, the watering frequency is more frequent, the water content is rapidly reduced from the middle ten days of 6 months to the later ten days of 7 months, the water content is reduced by 10.05 percent at most in 15 days, mainly because the oleaster forest is in the vigorous growth period in the period, the transpiration evaporation is large, meanwhile, the air temperature is high, the inter-plant evaporation is large, the water content is rapidly reduced after the watering is carried out in 25 days of 7 months.
The change characteristics of the water consumption intensity of the biological enclosure of the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest are shown in fig. 18, different growth stages in the growth period of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest are 6-8 months, the period of the maximum population structure, the maximum plant growth, the maximum leaf area, the maximum evaporation and transpiration is determined, so that the water consumption intensity in the period is the maximum, the growth is quicker due to the fact that the third year is in the growth vigorous period, the growth plant height and crown width difference of each treatment in the third year are obvious, the growth condition of the low-quota irrigation treatment is obviously inferior to that of other treatments, the medium irrigation quota is selected in the irrigation of the three-year-old enclosure, and the ecological water saving and requiring law and other factors are considered, the pruning and forming after the three-year-old enclosure is carried out for three years, so that the water utilization efficiency can be improved, and the inter-plant evaporation can be.
According to the three-year-old elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation system, the water content of soil under the elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall furrow irrigation condition is continuously and dynamically measured, irrigation is carried out according to a set irrigation quota, from 4 months to 10 months, the total irrigation time is 5 times, the irrigation times of each growth stage are different due to different water requirements of each growth stage, and the irrigation quota of 250m in 3 year (2012) after transplanting is3The recommended irrigation system is that water is irrigated for 5 times in one growth cycle, 5 months and 1 time respectively, and the irrigation rate is 50m3Water irrigation for 1 time per mu in 6 months and the quota of water irrigation is 50m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 250m3Per mu.
The urea is applied 2-3 times before 8 months, the diammonium 10kg/667m can be applied after the 2 nd irrigation in combination with intertillage weeding and topdressing with low soil fertility2The oleaster has strong drought resistance, so the requirement of controlling water in autumn is relatively loose, the water and fertilizer in autumn are avoided, simultaneously, enough winter water and good spring water are irrigated, the oleaster is a sciatic tree species, weeding is carried out in time in the seedling period, intertillage weeding is carried out by combining each irrigation before the seedling sealing ridge, and the intertillage weeding frequency can be reduced after the seedling sealing ridge;
step four, disease and pest control of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest, wherein the elaeagnus angustifolia overwintering in a deciduous layer and curled dead leaves, the overwintering adults in the late 3 th ten days to the middle 4 months move and eat, the overwintering adults in the late 4 months copulate and lay eggs, the early 5 th month is a full incubation period, the full pupation period of humanization is advanced in the late 5 th month, and the emergence is a new generation of adults from the late 5 th ten days to the early 6 th months, and according to the principle of 'prevention being dominant, the method comprehensively treats' a guideline and protects the ecological environment, takes biological agents and bionic pesticide as leading, coordinates and applies artificial, physical and chemical prevention measures, reduces population density and practically controls spreading damage of the insects;
step five, adopting a russianolive tree enclosing wall pruning technology, and planning pruning: the height of the enclosing wall of the oleaster forest is set to be more than 1.6 meters, the growth of the area with weak growth is promoted by taking measures, the same side is relatively kept consistent, the tree body is as regular and uniform as possible, the aesthetic effect and the management inconvenience caused by different heights, different sizes and thicknesses are avoided,
the pruning measure is adopted as a shaping pruning method, the shaping pruning is required to be carried out regularly to keep the shape and appearance, in order to ensure the growth and development of the lateral branches of the base of the oleaster forest, the section of the oleaster forest is pruned into a trapezoid, and the technical requirement of the initial pruning is as follows: when the oleaster grows to 1 m high, the oleaster starts to be trimmed, and is trimmed into a prototype according to the design type, and the trimming time is as follows: after secondary pruning, the pruned branches and leaves are removed, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, next pruning is carried out when new branches and leaves are long until building and forming are carried out, and the operation method of pruning comprises the following steps: the manual operation of the large scissors is adopted, the cutting edge is required to be sharp, the shearing is not leaked, the shearing is less and the shearing is heavy, the protruding part with the large length is more sheared, the sunken part with the small length is less sheared, the oleaster forest is sheared according to the shape, the shearing is less at the top, and the shearing is more at the periphery. Shaping and trimming: and when the oleaster forest grows to meet the design requirement and is shaped, trimming the new branches and leaves every time, and keeping the shape of the design specification.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. The technical method for planting the oleaster forest biological enclosing wall in the arid sandstorm area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method for planting the narrow-leaved oleaster forest biological enclosing wall comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling growing method
The seedling raising method comprises cutting seedling raising and seeding seedling raising;
the sowing and seedling raising method comprises the steps of carrying out germination accelerating treatment before sowing in spring, cleaning seeds in 12 to 1 month of the next year, uniformly spraying and mixing with equivalent amount of fine sand, putting the seeds into a storage ditch with the depth of 80-100cm and the width of 100cm, fully filling water in the storage ditch with the depth of 10-20cm, covering sand 20cm after water seeps or is frozen, covering seeds without germination accelerating with sand, soaking the seeds in warm water with the temperature of 50 ℃ for 2-3 days before sowing, cleaning and fishing out, spreading the seeds in the outdoor sun, covering gunny bags or plastic films for germination accelerating, or adopting a horse dung germination accelerating method, sowing when part of the seeds are exposed out of white tips, wherein the sowing period is 4-5 months early, the seedlings emerge in the lower ten days of 5 months, and the sowing amount is 30-50kg/667m2Adopting drill seeding, the row spacing is 25-30cm, the strip width is 30-40cm, the seeding depth is 3-5cm, covering soil after seeding, the thickness is 3cm, thinning in the first ten days of 6 months, the seedling spacing is 5cm, the seedling number is 45-60 ten thousand plants/667 m2When the seedling is as high as 30cm and the root diameter is more than 0.4cm in the current year, the seedlings are taken out of the nursery for forestation;
the cutting seedling raising comprises the steps of carrying out hard branch cutting in winter, wherein the length of each ear is 15-25cm, carrying out tender branch cutting in summer, carrying leaves, the length of each ear is 25-50cm, the row spacing of cutting plants is 10cm multiplied by 30cm, the rooting rate is higher than 80 percent and can reach up to 96 percent, the quality of seedlings is the hard branch cutting in winter and spring, and the height of the seedlings in the current year can reach 1.5 m;
step two, biological enclosure afforestation technology
The biological enclosure afforestation technology is characterized in that enclosure afforestation is carried out in spring, an afforestation land requires sandy soil or loam with fertile soil, loose texture and good drainage, sufficient illumination is required, irrigation conditions are required, soil is deeply turned over in the soil preparation process, weeds are removed, organic fertilizer is applied, nursery stocks used for constructing biological enclosures are required to be clonal first-stage seedlings with excellent operation characteristics, 2 plants are transplanted in each hole in order to ensure survival, the afforestation effect of different densities is compared and analyzed through experiments in the planting process, the most suitable planting density is selected, the initial planting density is 4 rows, the row spacing is 0.2m multiplied by 0.2m, density adjustment is carried out by adopting a sparse density supplement and sparse thinning method, only one seedling with robust growth is reserved in each hole, the center of a planting hole of the seedling is required to be planted, the root system is spread and fully contacted with the soil;
step three, water and fertilizer management technology
The water and fertilizer management technology comprises water management and fertilizer management;
the water management comprises the steps of carrying out irrigation for the 1 st time when the oleaster seedlings are basically flush, and combining the irrigation with the sprinkling of 5kg/667m of urea2The spreading is avoided after rain or when dew exists, the seedlings are prevented from being burnt, watering is carried out for 5-7 times all the year around according to the climate and soil moisture content, and water-saving irrigation systems of the ecological enclosing walls of the oleaster trees with different growth periods under the conditions of drip irrigation under the film and furrow irrigation are respectively provided through researching the soil moisture change rule and the water consumption rule of the oleaster trees with different growth periods;
the water-saving irrigation system for the ecological enclosing walls of the oleaster trees with different growth periods under the condition of drip irrigation under the plastic film comprises the following steps:
the irrigation system of the 1 st year after transplantation comprises irrigating for 7 times in a growth cycle, wherein the irrigation water is used for planting and squatting water for 1 time respectively before 4 months of transplantation, and the irrigation quota is 60m3Mu, 40m3Per mu; 5 months and 1 time, and the water irrigation quota is 25m3Irrigating for 2 times per mu in 6 months and with the irrigation rate of 25m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 25m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 25m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 225m3Per mu; the irrigation system of the 2 nd year after transplanting is that water is irrigated for 7 times in one growth cycle, the irrigation time is 5 months and 1 time respectively, and the irrigation quota is 30m32 times per mu in 6 months and 30m of water irrigation quota3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 9 months with the water-pouring rate of 30m3Per mu, total irrigation rating 210m3Per mu; the 3 rd year irrigation system after transplanting comprises irrigating for 7 times in a growth cycle, 5 months and 1 time respectively, and the irrigation rate is 35m3The weight per mu is less than one and less than one,2 times in 6 months, and the water irrigation rate is 35m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 9 months with the water-pouring rate of 35m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 245m3Per mu;
the water-saving irrigation system for the ecological enclosing wall of the oleaster trees with different growth periods under the furrow irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
the irrigation system of the 1 st year after transplantation comprises irrigating for 6 times in a growth cycle, wherein the irrigation water is used for planting and squatting water for 1 time respectively before 4 months of transplantation, and the irrigation quota is 60m3Mu, 40m3Water is irrigated for a fixed amount of 40m for 1 time per mu in 5 months3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 6 months for a quota of 40m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 40m3Irrigating for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the irrigation rate of 40m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 260m3Per mu; the irrigation system of the 2 nd year after transplanting is that 5 times of water irrigation are carried out in one growth cycle, the water irrigation time is 5 months and 1 time respectively, and the irrigation quota is 50m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 6 months for a quota of 40m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Irrigating for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the irrigation rate of 40m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 230m3Per mu; the 3 rd year irrigation system after transplanting comprises 5 times of irrigating for 5 months and 1 time of irrigating for 50m3Water irrigation for 1 time per mu in 6 months and the quota of water irrigation is 50m3Water is poured for 2 times per mu in 7 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Water is poured for 1 time per mu in 8 months with the water-pouring rate of 50m3Per mu, total irrigation quota 250m3Per mu;
the fertilizer management comprises that urea is applied 2-3 times before 8 months in a combined irrigation mode, the soil fertility is lower, and diammonium is applied 10kg/667m in a combined intertillage weeding mode after 2 nd irrigation2The oleaster has strong drought resistance, so the requirement of controlling water in autumn is relatively loose, the water and fertilizer in autumn are avoided, simultaneously, enough winter water and good spring water are irrigated, the oleaster is a sciatic tree species, weeding is carried out in time in the seedling period, intertillage weeding is carried out by combining each irrigation before the seedling sealing ridge, and the intertillage weeding frequency is reduced after the seedling sealing ridge;
step four, the disease and insect pest control of the oleaster forest
The disease and pest control of the elaeagnus angustifolia forest is that the elaeagnus angustifolia overwintering in a deciduous layer and curled dead leaves, the overwintering imagoes in the late 3 th ten days to the middle 4 months move on trees and eat, the overwintering imagoes in the late 4 months are handed over to lay eggs, the early 5 th month is a full incubation period, the late 5 th month is a full pupation period, and the early 5 th month to the late 6 months are eclosion to form a new generation of imagoes, according to the principle of 'prevention being the main, comprehensive treatment' and the principle of protecting the ecological environment, biological agents and bionic pesticides are taken as the leading factors, artificial, physical and chemical prevention measures are coordinately applied, the population density is reduced, and the spreading damage is practically controlled;
step five, oleaster tree enclosing wall pruning technology
The Elaeagnus angustifolia fence trimming technology is characterized in that the height of the Elaeagnus angustifolia fence is set to be more than 1.6 m, measures are taken to promote growth in a region with weak growth, the Elaeagnus angustifolia fence is kept consistent on the same side, the tree body is drawn to be as regular as possible, and the influence on aesthetic effect and the inconvenience in management caused by different heights, different sizes and thicknesses is avoided;
the pruning measure is adopted as a shaping pruning method, the shaping pruning is required to be carried out regularly to keep the shape and appearance, in order to enable the lateral branches at the base of the oleaster forest to grow and develop, the section of the oleaster forest is pruned into a trapezoid, and the technical requirement of the initial pruning is as follows: when the oleaster grows to 1 m high, the oleaster starts to be trimmed, and is trimmed into a prototype according to the design type, and the trimming time is as follows: after secondary pruning, the pruned branches and leaves are removed, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, next pruning is carried out when new branches and leaves are long until building and forming are carried out, and the operation method of pruning comprises the following steps: adopt the manual operation of big scissors, require the edge of a knife sharp, it is tight to cut heavily less, and flourishing long protruding part is cut more, and weak long depressed part is cut less, and the oleaster forest is cut according to the type, and the top is cut less, cuts more on every side, and the pruning is stereotyped: and when the oleaster forest grows to meet the design requirement and is shaped, trimming the new branches and leaves every time, and keeping the shape of the design specification.
CN201710446510.5A 2017-06-14 2017-06-14 Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method Active CN107155777B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710446510.5A CN107155777B (en) 2017-06-14 2017-06-14 Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710446510.5A CN107155777B (en) 2017-06-14 2017-06-14 Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107155777A CN107155777A (en) 2017-09-15
CN107155777B true CN107155777B (en) 2020-09-01

Family

ID=59818476

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710446510.5A Active CN107155777B (en) 2017-06-14 2017-06-14 Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107155777B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110800543B (en) * 2019-11-30 2021-11-05 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 Elaeagnus angustifolia seedling raising method
CN111275362B (en) * 2020-03-12 2023-04-14 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 Method, device and equipment for evaluating tightness of corn variety and storage medium
CN111639421B (en) * 2020-05-13 2023-05-23 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 Inland river basin artificial and natural oasis transformation process and proper proportion research method
CN111788948A (en) * 2020-08-03 2020-10-20 新疆林业科学院 Method for raising seedlings of Xinjiang big-fruit narrow-leaved oleaster in saline-alkali soil by cutting in nutrient cup

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104982300A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-10-21 甘肃省治沙研究所 Arid desert region protection forest system construction method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104982300A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-10-21 甘肃省治沙研究所 Arid desert region protection forest system construction method

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
园林绿化养护管理措施;丛伟杰等;《吉林蔬菜》;20111231(第6期);第113-115页 *
沙枣树的栽培技术;张珍荣等;《新疆农业科技》;20101231(第5期);第30页 *
沙枣管理技术;阿吉萨•热衣木;《农村科技》;20091231(第6期);第95页 *
绿篱种植与养护技术探讨;周跃敏;《绿色科技》;20110731(第7期);第86-87页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107155777A (en) 2017-09-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103348857B (en) Method for planting pseudo-ginseng in high-altitude area
CN103081683B (en) Improved American red maple twig cutting propagation method
CN107155777B (en) Elaeagnus angustifolia forest biological enclosing wall cultivation technical method
CN103404349B (en) Cultivation method for dwarf potted rixianggui (variety of sweet-scented osmanthus)
CN102047809A (en) Method for cultivating Dragon fruit in greenhouses in North China
CN103988699B (en) The facility cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme
CN105993783A (en) Winter jujube planting method
CN104838935A (en) Early management method of planting sweet cherries in south warm region
CN103430754A (en) Cuttage and rapid propagation technology of photinia serrulata
CN106342638B (en) Method for strengthening trunk of pear tree in labor-saving tree form
CN107969282B (en) Cyclocarya paliurus tea garden cultivation method
CN104737735B (en) Method for ecological afforestation of coastal saline-alkali areas by means of original soil cultivation
CN105027910A (en) Ascendens mucronatum cuttage technology
CN103168584A (en) Short spike cuttage breeding mode for sweet osmanthus in autumn and winter in north
CN104642040A (en) Fruit tree cultivation method for early fruiting
CN109452079A (en) A kind of mating cottage breeding method of Chinese catalpa three-level
CN104335792A (en) Potted planting method for honeysuckle with medicinal and ornamental functions
CN106561237A (en) Planting technology for Moringa oleifera Lam. in northeastern Sichuan
CN1714618A (en) Quick production method for potted plum blossom
CN104106363A (en) Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis
CN106386125A (en) Method for manufacturing shrub potted plant
CN110384014A (en) A kind of implantation methods in the water-saving gardens in Northwest arid district
CN103583211B (en) The symbiosis Wicresoft inarching method of helping each other of the stake of wild alpine rhododendron ancient tree and the seedling that grows directly from seeds
CN103798092A (en) Method for cultivating figs
CN106982702A (en) Warmhouse booth grape two crops a year Spring Festival listing technology

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant