CN107135990B - Method for culturing sturgeons in running water - Google Patents
Method for culturing sturgeons in running water Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135990B CN107135990B CN201710314849.XA CN201710314849A CN107135990B CN 107135990 B CN107135990 B CN 107135990B CN 201710314849 A CN201710314849 A CN 201710314849A CN 107135990 B CN107135990 B CN 107135990B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 241000252335 Acipenser Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000881711 Acipenser sturio Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039966 Senile dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004641 brain development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
A method for culturing sturgeons in running water belongs to the technical field of sturgeon culturing methods, and particularly relates to a running water culturing method for sturgeons with weights of 200g-1500g, which comprises a culturing pond, a separate-pond culturing, a running water speed, an oxygen dissolving amount, a stocking density, a feed feeding method, a targeted feed and other methods; the double-water-inlet and double-water-discharge mechanism adopted by the culture pond can introduce oxygen while feeding water, properly increase the dissolved oxygen, and discharge dirt on the surface and the bottom of the pond in a sequential manner during water discharge, so that the pond water is kept clean; sturgeons are bred according to sizes, and the yield can be improved to the maximum extent by adopting a proper water change rate, a proper dissolved oxygen amount and a proper breeding density; by adopting a proper daily feeding rate, and increasing oxygen and performing conditioned reflex training before feeding, the sturgeon can be bred into a life rule and growth is accelerated; the sweet wormwood powder is added into the feed, so that the disease resistance of sturgeons can be improved, and the use of medicines is reduced; a series of methods can effectively improve the yield and increase the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sturgeon culture methods, in particular to a method for culturing sturgeons in running water.
Background
Sturgeons have a very high edible, medicinal, ornamental and economic value. The sturgeons are edible except the body surface bone plate, have high nutritive value and are classified as high-grade nourishments. Sturgeon has good effects of softening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, promoting brain development, improving intelligence quotient and preventing senile dementia; the cartilage and bone marrow contain anti-cancer factors, and have the saying of shark fin and sturgeon bone; therefore, the sturgeon has extremely high medicinal value.
Sturgeons belong to cold water fishes, have high growth speed and fresh and tender meat quality, and are one of special aquatic products with better economic benefit. There are cultures in many areas throughout the country. Although the conventional culture technology is mature, the sturgeons have different physiological requirements at each growth stage, and the culture can achieve better culture effect according to the physiological requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses sturgeon breeding by stages according to the weight of sturgeon, which comprises the following steps: fry below 100g, juvenile fish above 100-1500g and adult fish above 1000 g.
The invention aims to provide a running water culture method of sturgeons in a juvenile stage according to the growth characteristics of the sturgeons so as to accelerate the growth quality and growth speed of the sturgeons and improve the economic benefit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for culturing sturgeons in running water, which comprises the step of culturing the sturgeons in the running water at a juvenile fish stage, wherein the juvenile fish stage is a stage in which the weight of the sturgeons is 100-1000 g, and the method is characterized by comprising the following seven aspects:
⑴ the culture pond adopts double water inlet and double water discharge mechanisms, that is, the water inlet mechanism of the culture pond comprises an upper water inlet mechanism and a lower water inlet mechanism, the water discharge mechanism comprises an upper water discharge mechanism and a lower water discharge mechanism, the upper water inlet mechanism is a water inlet mechanism arranged above the pond body, the running water flows into the pond body from the upper part of the pond water in a hanging way and is convenient for bringing oxygen in the air, the lower water inlet mechanism is a water inlet mechanism arranged on the front side wall of the pond body and close to the bottom surface of the pond and is used for impacting and cleaning the bottom of the pond and is convenient for being matched with the bottom water discharge device to discharge dirt deposited at the bottom of the pond, the upper water discharge mechanism is a surface layer overflow port arranged at the upper end of the rear side wall of the pond body and is used for discharging dirt floating on the water surface, and the lower water discharge mechanism is a water discharge device arranged on the bottom surface of the pond body and.
The cultivation pond adopts a square cement cultivation pond, and the width of a water inlet in the lower water inlet mechanism is equal to that of the pond body.
The pond depth of the culture pond is 110-130cm, and the water depth is 80-100 cm.
The water outlet of the water discharging device is arranged on the bottom surface of the pool instead of the bottom of the pool wall of the culture pool, and water in the culture pool is firstly discharged vertically downwards and then discharged into the ditch in a turning way; thus facilitating the bait and excrement deposited on the bottom of the pool to be smoothly discharged along with the drainage.
⑵ sturgeons in the juvenile stage are cultivated in different pools according to different weights, and the weights of the monomers are respectively 200g of first-weight 100-.
⑶ flow speed, based on the fact that the daily flow water exchange amount of each culture pond reaches 6-8 times, determining the flow water inlet and outlet speed.
⑷ the dissolved oxygen in the water in the culture pond is set to 7-10mg/L, and when the dissolved oxygen in the running water is lower than 7mg/L, the oxygenation device is used to increase the oxygen.
⑸ the stocking density is set to 20-25kg per cubic meter of water.
⑹ the feed is fed, the daily feeding rate in the first and second level culture ponds is 1.8-2.2%, the daily feeding rate in the third and fourth level culture ponds is 1.35-1.65%, and the daily feeding rate in the fifth and sixth level culture ponds is 0.9-1.1%.
⑺ the method comprises feeding the fish in the morning and evening, wherein the natural illumination intensity outside the pond is 5-20lux, adding oxygen to the pond before feeding to reach 9-10mg/L, turning on the light 6-8 min earlier to reach 30-50lux, and feeding.
The feed is prepared by mixing 57-63 parts of fish meal, 19-21 parts of α -starch, 4.7-5.3 parts of wheat flour, 4.7-5.3 parts of bean cake, 2.8-3.2 parts of fish oil, 0.47-0.53 part of liver powder and 0.47-0.53 part of sweet wormwood herb powder according to parts by weight.
The invention has the advantages that the culture pond adopts the double water inlet and double water discharge mechanism, oxygen can be brought in when water is fed, the dissolved oxygen is properly increased, and dirt on the surface and the bottom of the culture pond can be discharged in a forward manner when water is discharged, so that the water in the culture pond is kept clean; sturgeons are bred according to sizes, unbalanced diet can be avoided, and the yield can be improved to the maximum extent by adopting a proper water change rate, a proper dissolved oxygen amount and breeding density; by adopting a proper daily feeding rate, and increasing oxygen and performing conditioned reflex training before feeding, the sturgeon can be bred into a life rule and growth is accelerated; the sweet wormwood powder is added into the feed, so that the disease resistance of sturgeons can be improved, and the use of medicines is reduced; a series of methods can effectively improve the yield and increase the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it further, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1.
A method for culturing sturgeons in running water, in particular to the running water culture of the sturgeons in a juvenile stage, wherein the juvenile stage refers to a stage that the weight of the sturgeons is 200-1500 g, and the method mainly comprises the following seven aspects:
⑴ the culture pond adopts double water inlet and double water discharge mechanisms, that is, the water inlet mechanism of the culture pond comprises an upper water inlet mechanism and a lower water inlet mechanism, the water discharge mechanism comprises an upper water discharge mechanism and a lower water discharge mechanism, the upper water inlet mechanism is a water inlet mechanism arranged above the pond body, the running water flows into the pond body from the upper part of the pond water in a hanging way and is convenient for bringing oxygen in the air, the lower water inlet mechanism is a water inlet mechanism arranged on the front side wall of the pond body and close to the bottom surface of the pond and is used for impacting and cleaning the bottom of the pond and is convenient for being matched with the bottom water discharge device to discharge dirt deposited at the bottom of the pond, the upper water discharge mechanism is a surface layer overflow port arranged at the upper end of the rear side wall of the pond body and is used for discharging dirt floating on the water surface, and the lower water discharge mechanism is a water discharge device arranged on the bottom surface of the pond body and.
The cultivation pond adopts a square cement cultivation pond, and the width of a water inlet in the lower water inlet mechanism is equal to that of the pond body.
The pond depth of the culture pond is 110-130cm, and the water depth is 80-100 cm.
The water outlet of the water discharging device is arranged on the bottom surface of the pool instead of the bottom of the pool wall of the culture pool, and water in the culture pool is firstly discharged vertically downwards and then discharged into the ditch in a turning way; thus facilitating the bait and excrement deposited on the bottom of the pool to be smoothly discharged along with the drainage.
⑵ sturgeons in the juvenile stage are cultivated in different pools according to different weights, and the weights of the monomers are respectively 200g of first-weight 100-.
⑶ flow speed, based on the fact that the daily flow water exchange amount of each culture pond reaches 6-8 times, determining the flow water inlet and outlet speed.
⑷ the dissolved oxygen in the water in the culture pond is set to 7-10mg/L, and when the dissolved oxygen in the running water is lower than 7mg/L, the oxygenation device is used to increase the oxygen.
⑸ the stocking density is set to 20-25kg per cubic meter of water.
⑹ the daily feeding rate of the first and second level culture ponds is 1.8%, the daily feeding rate of the third and fourth level culture ponds is 1.35%, and the daily feeding rate of the fifth and sixth level culture ponds is 0.9%.
⑺ the method comprises feeding the fish in the morning and evening, wherein the natural illumination intensity outside the pond is 5-20lux, adding oxygen to the pond before feeding to reach 9-10mg/L, turning on the light 6-8 min earlier to reach 30-50lux, and feeding.
The feed is prepared from 5700kg of fish meal, α -1900 kg of starch, 470kg of wheat flour, 470kg of bean cake, 280kg of fish oil, 47kg of liver powder and 47kg of sweet wormwood herb powder.
Example 2.
The feed feeding amount in example 1 was determined as: the daily feeding rate in the first-level and second-level culture ponds is 2.0 percent, the daily feeding rate in the third-level and fourth-level culture ponds is 1.5 percent, and the daily feeding rate in the fifth-level and sixth-level culture ponds is 1.0 percent.
Example 3.
The feed feeding amount in example 1 was determined as: the daily feeding rate in the first-level and second-level culture ponds is 2.2 percent, the daily feeding rate in the third-level and fourth-level culture ponds is 1.65 percent, and the daily feeding rate in the fifth-level and sixth-level culture ponds is 1.1 percent.
Example 4.
6000kg of fish meal, 2000kg of α -starch, 500kg of wheat flour, 500kg of bean cake, 300kg of fish oil, 50kg of liver powder and 50kg of sweet wormwood herb powder are prepared from the feed in the example 1 according to the following specific weight and mixed.
Example 5.
The feed in example 1 is prepared by mixing 6300kg of fish meal, 2100kg of α -starch, 530kg of wheat flour, 530kg of bean cake, 320kg of fish oil, 53kg of liver powder and 53kg of sweet wormwood powder.
Claims (4)
1. A method for culturing sturgeons in running water comprises the step of culturing the sturgeons in running water in a juvenile stage, wherein the juvenile stage refers to a stage in which the weight of the sturgeons is 100g-1500g, and is characterized by comprising the following seven aspects:
⑴ the cultivation pool adopts double water inlet and double water discharge mechanism, the water inlet mechanism of the cultivation pool includes upper water inlet mechanism and lower water inlet mechanism, the water discharge mechanism includes upper water discharge mechanism and lower water discharge mechanism, the upper water inlet mechanism is the water inlet mechanism set on the top of the pool body, the lower water inlet mechanism is the water inlet mechanism set on the front side wall of the pool body and close to the bottom of the pool, the cultivation pool adopts square cement cultivation pool, the width of the water inlet of the lower water inlet mechanism is equal to the width of the pool body, the upper water discharge mechanism is the surface layer overflow port set on the upper end of the back side wall of the pool body, the lower water discharge mechanism is the water discharge device set on the bottom of the pool body;
⑵ culturing sturgeons in juvenile stage in different pools according to different weights, wherein the weights of the monomers are respectively 200g of first-weight 100-;
⑶ flow speed, based on the fact that the daily flow water exchange amount of each culture pond reaches 6-8 times, determining the flow water inlet and outlet speed;
⑷ setting the dissolved oxygen of water in the culture pond to 7-10mg/L, and increasing oxygen by using an oxygen increasing device when the dissolved oxygen in the flowing water is lower than 7 mg/L;
⑸ setting the stocking density to 20-25kg per cubic meter of water body;
⑹ the feed feeding amount is that the daily feeding rate in the first and second level culture ponds is 1.8-2.2%, the daily feeding rate in the third and fourth level culture ponds is 1.35-1.65%, and the daily feeding rate in the fifth and sixth level culture ponds is 0.9-1.1%;
⑺ the method comprises feeding the fish in the morning and evening, wherein the natural illumination intensity outside the pond is 5-20lux, adding oxygen to the pond before feeding to reach 9-10mg/L, turning on the light 6-8 min earlier to reach 30-50lux, and feeding.
2. The method for culturing sturgeons in running water according to claim 1, wherein the pond depth of the culture pond is 110-130cm, and the water depth is 80-100 cm.
3. The method for running aquaculture of sturgeons according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain in the drain is arranged on the bottom surface of the basin.
4. The method for culturing sturgeons in running water according to claim 1, wherein the feed is feed for the growth period of the sturgeons, and the feed for the growth period of the sturgeons is prepared by mixing 57-63 parts by weight of fish meal, 19-21 parts by weight of α -starch, 4.7-5.3 parts by weight of wheat flour, 4.7-5.3 parts by weight of bean cakes, 2.8-3.2 parts by weight of fish oil, 0.47-0.53 part by weight of liver meal and 0.47-0.53 part by weight of sweet wormwood herb powder.
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